J M Williams
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 30464 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | J M Williams |
| NOMBRES | J M |
| APELLIDO | Williams |
| FIRMA | WILLIAMS J M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0324-0558 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 127 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1946 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The Prevalence and Potential Problem of Cuteness in Zoomorphic Robots
Cuteness is a powerful aesthetic, and psychological research shows that cute things such as infants, baby animals, and toys capture and secure our attention, promote nurturing behaviour, and influence our preferences. Therefore, cuteness is a common design outcome in many consumer products, including robotics. However, we suggest that making cute zoomorphic robots may not be without its issues due to the complexities introduced by the analogies t…
Perceived Value Congruence Between Parents
Previous research has established that congruence between people’s own values and how they perceive the values of others can have beneficial effects for their well-being. In the family context, research has primarily focused on congruence within parent-child relationships, offering limited insight into how young people interpret value congruence between their parents. Focusing on mother–father value congruence as perceived by the child, this stud…
Depression in High-Ability vs. Typically Developing Adolescents
High-ability adolescents are recognized to show high intellectual cognition and creativity. Yet they are not immune to mental health issues. It is believed that these adolescents may also experience a range of mental health problems, including depression. However, depression among high-ability adolescents has received inconsistent research attention. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding depression among high ability and typically …
Parental Alienation and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents and Young People
The current study examined whether the association between parental alienation (mother/father/both parents) and young people’s GAD symptoms varies as a function of pet attachment. A further aim was to explore whether there are species-level differences of this moderating effect. Using data from 198 young pet owners (mean age 21.21 years) who completed online self-report questionnaires, the findings revealed that higher levels of parental alienati…
Autism spectrum and disordered eating
Co-Designing Educational Robotic Pet Concepts with Animal Welfare Educators and Children
Animal welfare education could greatly benefit from customised robots to help children learn about pets and their behaviour, and thereby promote positive, safe child-pet interactions. To this end, we ran co-design workshops with animal welfare educators and children to identify key requirements for robotic pets from their perspectives. Our findings encompass a zoomorphic robot’s appearance, behaviour, and features, as well as concepts for a narra…
Underachievement Risks and Profiles of Psychological Variables Among High-Ability Adolescents from Hong Kong, The Netherlands, Taiwan, and The United Kingdom
Background: High-ability students, despite their potential, may underachieve academically. The existing literature suggests the presence of subtypes, such as perfectionistic or creative high-ability students, who underachieve for different reasons. However, empirical work identifying these profiles and linking them to underachievement remains limited. Methods: We analyzed self-reported data by 930 high-ability adolescents across Hong Kong, the Ne…
Perceived Benefits and Barriers of Gardening Among Urban Older Adults
Existing research exploring perspectives on gardening has primarily focused on Western populations. The present study, employing qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 21 urban‐dwelling Chinese older adults, investigated their perceived benefits and barriers to gardening. Reflexive thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that urban Chinese older adults perceive gardening as beneficial to their living environment, physical, psycho…
Motivations for Pet Ownership Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in China
Evaluation of the Animal Guardians Program
Childhood animal harm is associated with poor psychological outcomes and may co-occur with delinquency and violent behavior. Despite this, there are few established interventions for childhood animal harm and no research evaluating their effectiveness. This study is an evaluation of Animal Guardians, a targeted educational intervention delivered by the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (Scottish SPCA) for children who…
Trainer Views of Working Marine Mammals; Bonds, Trust, and Welfare
Co-Producing Paws on Campus
Declining student mental health is a global public health issue. Campus-based animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are popular and effective interventions to prevent and alleviate symptoms. How to design, implement and evaluate evidence-based, student-centred interventions that enjoy sustained stakeholder buy-in and support is less known. This paper presents the procedures and results of a three-stage co-production method and the resulting curric…
She has saved my life on many occasions’
This article highlights the significance of pets for five young women with care experience, examining the impact of disruptions to those relationships when moving into or between care settings. Findings show that pets support the transition to independent living and mental health. Participants’ reflections also reveal how pets are a source of comfort and stability for children growing up in families experiencing difficult circumstances. Loss is t…
Exploring the mediation role of self-compassion in the association between bullying perpetration and depression
When Having a Pet Becomes a Luxury You Can No Longer Afford
Drawing on data from a project examining experiences of accessing support for pets from the UK animal welfare charity Blue Cross, this paper illuminates the impact of financial hardship on pet owners. Twenty service users (15 female, 5 male, aged 29–67 years) took part in individual online semi-structured interviews. Sixteen were receiving free or reduced-cost veterinary care (eligibility is based on certain means-tested benefits and catchment ar…
The physical and psychological health effects of pet ownership among children in China
Research to date in Western contexts has indicated various physical and psychological health effects of pet ownership among children, but less is known about the role pets play in the health of children in China. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence on the effects of pet ownership on physical and psychological health among children in China. A literature search was performed in eight databases for studies that investigat…
The relationships between valued living and depression and anxiety
Valued living is one of the core processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The main aim of this study is to systematically review the relationship between valued living and depression, and valued living and anxiety, and to examine how these relationships vary across different demographic characteristics and populations/clinical groups (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021236882). Literature searches were carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, …
The role of attachment in children’s relationships with pets
Relatively little is known about how attachment influences children’s relationships to pets or mediates positive and negative interaction outcomes. We carried out in-depth interviews with 27 children, including nine children at high-risk for animal harm and 18 matched controls. We used the Child Attachment Play Assessment (CAPA), a drawing task and self-report measures including the Short Attachment to Pets Scale (SAPS) and Children’s Animal Harm…
A cultural validation of the Chinese version of multidimensional depression assessment scale (MDAS) in clinically depressed patients in Inner Mongolia
Exploring the economics of public health intervention scale-up
The findings from this study provide important information relevant to decisions on progression to a Type III implementation trial, including budget allocation, and will inform modelled economic evaluation
Rabbit Rescuers
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Scottish SPCA animal welfare education intervention, "Rabbit Rescuers," on 5- to 7-year-old children's belief in animal minds, rabbit welfare knowledge, attitudes toward cruelty, and attachment to pets. "Rabbit Rescuers" was a one-week intervention comprising daily 15-min rabbit welfare activities delivered in school by classroom teachers. The activities were designed to be age-appropriate and covered k…
Understanding and Conceptualizing Childhood Animal Harm
Several perspectives inform research on Childhood Animal Cruelty (CAC), but these perspectives are poorly integrated with each other, and there is little dialogue with the rest of the child-animal interaction (CAI) literature. This study reviews the current empirical and theoretical literature on CAC to explore issues regarding research definitions and methodologies. Following the RAMESES guidelines, we performed a meta-narrative review of the CA…
Profiles of Depressive Symptoms and Anger in Men
Background: Evidence suggests that men commonly experience depression as feelings of anger; yet, research has not investigated what this means for the manifestation of depressive symptoms in the early years of fatherhood and for key indicators of family functioning. Methods: Using data from a longitudinal cohort study of men at the normative age for entering fatherhood (28-32 years), we conducted latent class analyses to identify patterns of depr…
Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia
Background: Unintended pregnancies in Cambodian youth are a major reproductive health concern with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. A social ecological model was used to identify sociodemographic factors potentially associated with unintended pregnancies, and an analysis of data from the 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey was used to determine associations. Methods: Weighted data were analysed using multiple logistic…
The Nature and Psychological Impact of Child/Adolescent Attachment to Dogs Compared with Other Companion Animals
Building on a study examining children’s knowledge and care of companion animals, this paper examines emotional attachment to dogs. It uses a large-scale dataset on children’s health and well-being ( n = 6,700) to explore the connection between attachment to dogs, compared with other companion animals, and a range of well-being indicators. Findings reveal stronger attachments to dogs that are linked with well-being. Some associations are also evi…
Self-Esteem and Physical Development in Early Adolescence
Relations between self-esteem, pubertal timing, and body image were investigated with a representative sample of Scottish schoolgirls 11 (n = 1,012, X = 11.53 years, SD = 0.32) and 13 (n = 799, X = 13.53, SD = 0.32) years of age. Data were derived from the Health Behaviour in School Children: WHO Cross-National Survey, specifically the Scottish survey. Among 11-year-olds, early maturation and lower ratings of body image (body size and perceived a…
Socioeconomic status and adolescent injuries
Mum cleaned it and I just played with it
Understanding how best to nurture children's respect for, and care of, other living beings is a concern within education and animal welfare science. Relationships with individual animals are often seen as a 'bridge' to caring about the broader environment (of people, animals and ecosystems). However, little is known about children's actual care of the animals they know best. Focus groups explored 7- to 13-year-olds' caring activities and sense of…
The Short Attachment to Pets Scale (Saps) for Children and Young People
The Nature and Psychological Impact of Child/Adolescent Attachment to Dogs Compared with Other Companion Animals
Building on a study examining children’s knowledge and care of companion animals, this paper examines emotional attachment to dogs. It uses a large-scale dataset on children’s health and well-being ( n = 6,700) to explore the connection between attachment to dogs, compared with other companion animals, and a range of well-being indicators. Findings reveal stronger attachments to dogs that are linked with well-being. Some associations are also evi…
Psychological Risk Factors for Childhood Nonhuman Animal Cruelty
Despite growing research into human-nonhuman animal relationships, little is known about childhood cruelty to nonhuman animals. The purpose of this review was to investigate the potential psychological risk factors for childhood cruelty to animals. The aim was to assemble, synthesize, and evaluate the quality and breadth of existing empirical research and highlight areas in need of further study. The review reveals a myriad of potential psycholog…
The social roots of football hooligan violence
The authors review evidence suggesting that football hooliganism is the product of specific structural conditions. They essay a preliminary conceptualization of the ways in which these conditions generate a violent or aggressive masculine style, and attempt to establish what it is about professional football that has given it a lasting hold on the imaginations of sections of the working class. A tentative explanation of football crowd behaviour i…
Understanding and Conceptualizing Childhood Animal Harm
Several perspectives inform research on Childhood Animal Cruelty (CAC), but these perspectives are poorly integrated with each other, and there is little dialogue with the rest of the child-animal interaction (CAI) literature. This study reviews the current empirical and theoretical literature on CAC to explore issues regarding research definitions and methodologies. Following the RAMESES guidelines, we performed a meta-narrative review of the CA…
Belief in Animal Mind among Spanish Primary School Children
Beliefs concerning the mental experiences of nonhuman animals have been related to how people treat, see, and take care of nonhuman animals. Whereas this issue has been the subject of several studies on adults, few have been conducted with children. Taking advantage of a recently published scale, the Child-BAM questionnaire, we aimed to explore the beliefs in animal minds of Spanish primary school children. The study also considered the effects o…
Sociodemographics of Pet Ownership among Adolescents in Great Britain
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pet ownership among adolescents in Great Britain and identify any sociodemographic differences between pet owners and non-pet owners. A total of 14,328 11-to 15-year-old adolescents from England, Scotland, and Wales were included in the analysis. Results revealed 15-year-old adolescents were significantly more likely than 11-year-old adolescents to own dogs (OR = 1.146, p < 0.001) but less lik…
The High Court and Australian Federalism
This article analyzes the constitutional role of the High Court of Australia during its first hundred years and the effect of that role on the Australian federation. The High Court has accepted as axiomatic that part of its function is the judicial review of legislation of both the federal and state legislatures. Its approach is relatively modest and “textualist.” That approach has been affected by historical changes, including Australia's indepe…
When Having a Pet Becomes a Luxury You Can No Longer Afford
Drawing on data from a project examining experiences of accessing support for pets from the UK animal welfare charity Blue Cross, this paper illuminates the impact of financial hardship on pet owners. Twenty service users (15 female, 5 male, aged 29–67 years) took part in individual online semi-structured interviews. Sixteen were receiving free or reduced-cost veterinary care (eligibility is based on certain means-tested benefits and catchment ar…
Rabbit Rescuers
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Scottish SPCA animal welfare education intervention, "Rabbit Rescuers," on 5- to 7-year-old children's belief in animal minds, rabbit welfare knowledge, attitudes toward cruelty, and attachment to pets. "Rabbit Rescuers" was a one-week intervention comprising daily 15-min rabbit welfare activities delivered in school by classroom teachers. The activities were designed to be age-appropriate and covered k…
She has saved my life on many occasions’
This article highlights the significance of pets for five young women with care experience, examining the impact of disruptions to those relationships when moving into or between care settings. Findings show that pets support the transition to independent living and mental health. Participants’ reflections also reveal how pets are a source of comfort and stability for children growing up in families experiencing difficult circumstances. Loss is t…
Sleep Discrepancy, Sleep Complaint, and Poor Sleep Among Older Adults
Discrepancy occurred across all groups but was pronounced among the group with both insomnia symptoms and complaints. This discrepancy may provide a means of quantifying and conceptualizing the transition from wake to sleep among older adults, particularly those with sleeping problems
Cross-Cultural Variations in Naïve Psychology among 2-year-olds
Children’s understanding of naïve psychology is the main focus of this study. Research evidence suggests that 2- and 3-year-olds understand some aspects of naïve psychology. By 4 years, they develop internal representations of mental states. Previous studies have also reported cross-cultural variations in naïve psychology development. The majority of this research has focused on Western individualistic societies such as Australia, Europe and Nort…
What do children learn about biology from factual information? A comparison of interventions to improve understanding of contagious illnesses
Background. Children have been shown to hold misconceptions about illness, and previous work has indicated that their knowledge can be improved through the use of interventions.Aims. This study aims to evaluate interventions based on the provision of factual information for improving understanding of contagious illness.Sample. The participants were 96 children from two age groups: 7 and 11 years.Methods. During the pre-test, the children were ask…
Summaries of Researches Reported in Degree Theses 1
The social roots of football hooligan violence
The authors review evidence suggesting that football hooliganism is the product of specific structural conditions. They essay a preliminary conceptualization of the ways in which these conditions generate a violent or aggressive masculine style, and attempt to establish what it is about professional football that has given it a lasting hold on the imaginations of sections of the working class. A tentative explanation of football crowd behaviour i…
Dysrhythmia, dysphoria, and depression
Increasing evidence suggests that endogenomorphic depressions involve a disruption of circadian rhythms. We review this evidence in relation to comparable findings in animal helplessness studies. We examine the neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and nosological implications of such findings for both helplessness and depression. A disruption of circadian rhythms provides a framework, which suggests three sets of possible interactions between …
Dysrhythmia, dysphoria, and depression
Positive states of mind and athletic injury risk
Horowitz, Adler, and Kegeles recently developed the Positive States of Mind (PSOM) scale to assess the ability to achieve desirable states of mind. According to a stress and injury model, a theoretical foundation exists for the PSOM being used to predict vulnerability to athletic injuries. In the first study, 277 collegiate athletes from 10 sports completed the PSOM. The scale showed good internal consistency; Cronbach's alpha was .77 for the six…
Socioeconomic status and adolescent injuries
A method for estimating solid organ donor potential by organ procurement region
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to develop a methodology for estimating potential solid organ donors and measuring donation performance in a geographic region based on readily available data on the hospitals in that region. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed in a stratified random sample of 89 hospitals from 3 regions to attain a baseline of donor potential. Data on a range of hospital characteristics were collected and tested as predictors of …
Self-Esteem and Physical Development in Early Adolescence
Relations between self-esteem, pubertal timing, and body image were investigated with a representative sample of Scottish schoolgirls 11 (n = 1,012, X = 11.53 years, SD = 0.32) and 13 (n = 799, X = 13.53, SD = 0.32) years of age. Data were derived from the Health Behaviour in School Children: WHO Cross-National Survey, specifically the Scottish survey. Among 11-year-olds, early maturation and lower ratings of body image (body size and perceived a…
Versatile Hardware and Software Tools for Educating Students in Power Electronics
A new power electronics laboratory has been constructed at the University of Missouri-Rolla. Key components of the laboratory are a set of custom-designed hardware and software tools. The novel hardware tools include five mobile power electronics testbeds that each contain the semiconductor devices, gate-drive boards, voltage and current sensors, and computer interface connections required to study a wide range of circuit topologies and control t…
The High Court and Australian Federalism
This article analyzes the constitutional role of the High Court of Australia during its first hundred years and the effect of that role on the Australian federation. The High Court has accepted as axiomatic that part of its function is the judicial review of legislation of both the federal and state legislatures. Its approach is relatively modest and “textualist.” That approach has been affected by historical changes, including Australia's indepe…
What do children learn about biology from factual information? A comparison of interventions to improve understanding of contagious illnesses
Background. Children have been shown to hold misconceptions about illness, and previous work has indicated that their knowledge can be improved through the use of interventions.Aims. This study aims to evaluate interventions based on the provision of factual information for improving understanding of contagious illness.Sample. The participants were 96 children from two age groups: 7 and 11 years.Methods. During the pre-test, the children were ask…
Artificial grammar learning in primary school children with and without developmental dyslexia
Cross-Cultural Variations in Naïve Psychology among 2-year-olds
Children’s understanding of naïve psychology is the main focus of this study. Research evidence suggests that 2- and 3-year-olds understand some aspects of naïve psychology. By 4 years, they develop internal representations of mental states. Previous studies have also reported cross-cultural variations in naïve psychology development. The majority of this research has focused on Western individualistic societies such as Australia, Europe and Nort…
Sleep Discrepancy, Sleep Complaint, and Poor Sleep Among Older Adults
Discrepancy occurred across all groups but was pronounced among the group with both insomnia symptoms and complaints. This discrepancy may provide a means of quantifying and conceptualizing the transition from wake to sleep among older adults, particularly those with sleeping problems
The Short Attachment to Pets Scale (Saps) for Children and Young People
Mum cleaned it and I just played with it
Understanding how best to nurture children's respect for, and care of, other living beings is a concern within education and animal welfare science. Relationships with individual animals are often seen as a 'bridge' to caring about the broader environment (of people, animals and ecosystems). However, little is known about children's actual care of the animals they know best. Focus groups explored 7- to 13-year-olds' caring activities and sense of…
Who Am I? The Developing Self-Concept of Scottish-Born Chinese Children
This study explored cultural similarities and differences in personal and social identity across four groups of children (Mainland Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese, British-born Chinese, and White Scottish) in three age groups (ages 8, 11, and 14 years; N = 454). The “Who Am I?” Self-Description Questionnaire was employed. The results revealed significant differences in children’s understanding of social self across the cultural groups. Responses from …
The Australian longitudinal study on male health-methods
Ten to Men is a unique resource for investigating male health and wellbeing. Wave 1 data are available for approved research projects
Sociodemographics of Pet Ownership among Adolescents in Great Britain
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pet ownership among adolescents in Great Britain and identify any sociodemographic differences between pet owners and non-pet owners. A total of 14,328 11-to 15-year-old adolescents from England, Scotland, and Wales were included in the analysis. Results revealed 15-year-old adolescents were significantly more likely than 11-year-old adolescents to own dogs (OR = 1.146, p < 0.001) but less lik…
The Impact of a Horse Riding Intervention on the Social Functioning of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
This paper reports a case-control study of a horse riding intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A sample of 26 children, aged 6 to 9 years, were assigned to either the intervention ( n = 12) or control group conditions ( n = 14). Pre- and post-tests were carried out using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition (CARS2) and the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Community Edition (ABC-C). An observational measure of co…
Childhood Attachment to Pets
Attachment to pets has an important role in children's social, emotional, and cognitive development, mental health, well-being, and quality of life. This study examined associations between childhood attachment to pets and caring and friendship behaviour, compassion, and attitudes towards animals. This study also examined socio-demographic differences, particularly pet ownership and pet type. A self-report survey of over one thousand 7 to 12 year…
Psychological Risk Factors for Childhood Nonhuman Animal Cruelty
Despite growing research into human-nonhuman animal relationships, little is known about childhood cruelty to nonhuman animals. The purpose of this review was to investigate the potential psychological risk factors for childhood cruelty to animals. The aim was to assemble, synthesize, and evaluate the quality and breadth of existing empirical research and highlight areas in need of further study. The review reveals a myriad of potential psycholog…
Belief in Animal Mind among Spanish Primary School Children
Beliefs concerning the mental experiences of nonhuman animals have been related to how people treat, see, and take care of nonhuman animals. Whereas this issue has been the subject of several studies on adults, few have been conducted with children. Taking advantage of a recently published scale, the Child-BAM questionnaire, we aimed to explore the beliefs in animal minds of Spanish primary school children. The study also considered the effects o…
Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia
Background: Unintended pregnancies in Cambodian youth are a major reproductive health concern with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. A social ecological model was used to identify sociodemographic factors potentially associated with unintended pregnancies, and an analysis of data from the 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey was used to determine associations. Methods: Weighted data were analysed using multiple logistic…
The Nature and Psychological Impact of Child/Adolescent Attachment to Dogs Compared with Other Companion Animals
Building on a study examining children’s knowledge and care of companion animals, this paper examines emotional attachment to dogs. It uses a large-scale dataset on children’s health and well-being ( n = 6,700) to explore the connection between attachment to dogs, compared with other companion animals, and a range of well-being indicators. Findings reveal stronger attachments to dogs that are linked with well-being. Some associations are also evi…
Psychology (33 obras) · Developmental psychology (20 obras) · Medicine (20 obras) · Human-Animal Interaction Studies (19 obras) · Clinical Psychology (15 obras) · Psychiatry (15 obras) · Clinical Psychology (11 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Animal welfare (10 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras)