Kevin Credit
Biographic Data
| ID | 3064182 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kevin Credit |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kevin |
| FAMILY NAME | Credit |
| SIGNATURE | CREDIT K |
| AFFILIATIONS | National University of Ireland, Maynooth |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3320-4670 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 18 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
The Walkable Accessibility Score (WAS): A spatially granular open-source measure of walkability for the continental US from 1997 to 2019
This paper describes a straightforward method for calculating an open-source Walkable Accessibility Score (WAS) that measures walkability at the block group scale based on walking distance to business establishments, schools, and parks. Exploratory analysis of the WAS reveals high concentrations of walkable accessibility in the centres of the densest and/or largest cities. Our optimised specification ( decay = 0.008, upper = 800, k = 30) performs…
Analysing urban inequalities in environment and health at the neighbourhood scale in Dublin through a new open-access ‘Health Rating Index’
A composite ‘Health Rating Index’ (HRI) can be used to assess environmental health at the small area level • Built environment, transport, and socioeconomic features are the most important predictors of HRI • HRI is spatially-clustered • ‘Healthier’ small areas have more non-auto commuting, higher population density, longer distances to the nearest road, and higher socioeconomic status • Nonlinear relationships are modelled using novel spatial ra…
A comparative study of socio-economic segregation in European capital city-regions: From segregation to desegregation
Previous research based on 2001 and 2011 census data indicated rising levels of residential segregation between socio-economic groups in many large city-regions in Europe as well as globally. Rising segregation is an important societal concern, as place of residence plays a crucial role in shaping access to urban opportunities. Residential isolation can be especially harmful for the most vulnerable groups. Income inequality was identified as the …
The Long-Run Dynamic Impact of Light Rail Construction on Regional On-Road CO 2 Emissions per Capita
Employing a cutting-edge quasi-experimental event study estimator from de Chaisemartin and D’Haultfœuille, the results of this paper indicate that light rail construction has a significant impact on reducing regional CO 2 emissions per capita, and that these effects change dynamically for at least 20 years after construction. The paper categorizes these long-run effects into four phases of light rail operational effectiveness: an early “establish…
Assessing modal tradeoffs and associated built environment characteristics using a cost-distance framework
The relationship between the built environment and transportation mode choice is well-studied, but less attention has been spent on the way that urban environments influence the relative travel costs for different modes. This paper uses a ‘cost-distance’ framework to assess the tradeoffs between transportation modes for commuters in the Dublin metropolitan area and employs random forest models to investigate non-linearities in the relationships b…
Third places, the connective fibre of cities and high-tech entrepreneurship
Urban ‘third places’ foster informal interactions and face-to-face contact that is critical to the development of new innovations and start-up businesses. Our research utilises extensive microdata in combination with telephone interviews with over 200 start-up companies in Stockholm, Sweden. Our findings indicate that access to third places has a significant impact on the number of new high-tech start-ups (both by entrepreneur place of residence …
A method to derive small area estimates of linked commuting trips by mode from open source Lodes and ACS data
This paper describes a fully customizable open source method to create linked origin-destination data on commuting flows by mode at the Census tract scale by combining LODES and ACS data from the US Census Bureau. With additional work, the method could be scaled to the entire US (with a small number of exceptions) for every year from 2002 to 2019. For demonstration purposes, the paper applies this method to 2015 commuting flows in Cook County, Il…
Spatial Models or Random Forest? Evaluating the Use of Spatially Explicit Machine Learning Methods to Predict Employment Density around New Transit Stations in Los Angeles
The increasing use of “new” machine learning techniques, such as random forest, provides an impetus to researchers to better understand the role of space in these models. Thus, this article develops an approach for constructing spatially explicit random forest models by including spatially lagged variables to mirror various spatial econometric specifications in order to test their comparative performance against traditional spatial and nonspatial…
A framework for delineating the scale, extent and characteristics of American retail centre agglomerations
Retail centres are important tools for understanding the distribution and evolution of the retail sector at varying geographical scales. This paper presents a framework through which formal definitions and typologies of retail centres, such as those in the UK, can be extended to the US. Using Chicago as a case study and data from SafeGraph, we present a retail centre delineation method that combines Hierarchical-DBSCAN with ‘H3’, and demonstrate …
Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston
This paper examines the importance of place-making in economic development by evaluating the relationship between specific urban design features – based on Jacobs’ “four generators of diversity” and Ewing and Cervero’s “Five-D’s” – and business sales volume. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of walkable urbanism in recent years, relatively little research has assessed the potential economic development benefits of walkable place…
Accessibility and agglomeration: A theoretical framework for understanding the connection between transportation modes, agglomeration benefits, and types of businesses
While delineating the connection between transportation accessibility and economic activity has long been a topic of interest in geography and regional science, a better understanding of the agglomerative benefits of transportation systems is vital. This paper seeks to tie the concepts of accessibility and agglomeration together by arguing that accessibility benefits ultimately stem from the agglomerative potential created by various transportati…
Transit-oriented economic development: The impact of light rail on new business starts in the Phoenix, AZ Region, USA
This article examines the impact of Phoenix’s light rail system, which opened in 2008, on new firm formation in specific industries. Individual business data from 1990–2014 are used in a quasi-experimental adjusted-interrupted time series (AITS) regression to compare the impact of the transit system’s construction on new business starts in ‘treatment’ and ‘control’ areas before and after the opening of the line. Findings show that the transit adj…
State of the field: Data and metrics for geographic analyses of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Despite burgeoning interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems, there is little information on metrics for studying the actors and interconnections within these systems. The increasing availability of data and metrics for characterizing entrepreneurial activity in recent years provide opportunities for analyzing EE in more holistic ways. A critical first step in advancing work on this topic, however, is to critically review the use and limitations of …
New Business Activity and Employment Dynamics in the Inner City: The Case of Phoenix, Arizona
Inner city revitalization efforts centered on fostering new business activity are controversial because they assume that the job creating capacity of new businesses is capable of impacting aggregate employment levels in inner city neighborhoods. Given this controversy, this article examines the link between new business activity and inner city employment growth in Phoenix, Arizona. Analytical results highlight job creation from new business activ…
Transit-oriented economic development: The impact of light rail on new business starts in the Phoenix, AZ Region, USA
This article examines the impact of Phoenix’s light rail system, which opened in 2008, on new firm formation in specific industries. Individual business data from 1990–2014 are used in a quasi-experimental adjusted-interrupted time series (AITS) regression to compare the impact of the transit system’s construction on new business starts in ‘treatment’ and ‘control’ areas before and after the opening of the line. Findings show that the transit adj…
Third places, the connective fibre of cities and high-tech entrepreneurship
Urban ‘third places’ foster informal interactions and face-to-face contact that is critical to the development of new innovations and start-up businesses. Our research utilises extensive microdata in combination with telephone interviews with over 200 start-up companies in Stockholm, Sweden. Our findings indicate that access to third places has a significant impact on the number of new high-tech start-ups (both by entrepreneur place of residence …
Accessibility and agglomeration: A theoretical framework for understanding the connection between transportation modes, agglomeration benefits, and types of businesses
While delineating the connection between transportation accessibility and economic activity has long been a topic of interest in geography and regional science, a better understanding of the agglomerative benefits of transportation systems is vital. This paper seeks to tie the concepts of accessibility and agglomeration together by arguing that accessibility benefits ultimately stem from the agglomerative potential created by various transportati…
State of the field: Data and metrics for geographic analyses of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Despite burgeoning interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems, there is little information on metrics for studying the actors and interconnections within these systems. The increasing availability of data and metrics for characterizing entrepreneurial activity in recent years provide opportunities for analyzing EE in more holistic ways. A critical first step in advancing work on this topic, however, is to critically review the use and limitations of …
Assessing modal tradeoffs and associated built environment characteristics using a cost-distance framework
The relationship between the built environment and transportation mode choice is well-studied, but less attention has been spent on the way that urban environments influence the relative travel costs for different modes. This paper uses a ‘cost-distance’ framework to assess the tradeoffs between transportation modes for commuters in the Dublin metropolitan area and employs random forest models to investigate non-linearities in the relationships b…
New Business Activity and Employment Dynamics in the Inner City: The Case of Phoenix, Arizona
Inner city revitalization efforts centered on fostering new business activity are controversial because they assume that the job creating capacity of new businesses is capable of impacting aggregate employment levels in inner city neighborhoods. Given this controversy, this article examines the link between new business activity and inner city employment growth in Phoenix, Arizona. Analytical results highlight job creation from new business activ…
Transit-oriented economic development: The impact of light rail on new business starts in the Phoenix, AZ Region, USA
This article examines the impact of Phoenix’s light rail system, which opened in 2008, on new firm formation in specific industries. Individual business data from 1990–2014 are used in a quasi-experimental adjusted-interrupted time series (AITS) regression to compare the impact of the transit system’s construction on new business starts in ‘treatment’ and ‘control’ areas before and after the opening of the line. Findings show that the transit adj…
State of the field: Data and metrics for geographic analyses of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Despite burgeoning interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems, there is little information on metrics for studying the actors and interconnections within these systems. The increasing availability of data and metrics for characterizing entrepreneurial activity in recent years provide opportunities for analyzing EE in more holistic ways. A critical first step in advancing work on this topic, however, is to critically review the use and limitations of …
Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston
This paper examines the importance of place-making in economic development by evaluating the relationship between specific urban design features – based on Jacobs’ “four generators of diversity” and Ewing and Cervero’s “Five-D’s” – and business sales volume. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of walkable urbanism in recent years, relatively little research has assessed the potential economic development benefits of walkable place…
Accessibility and agglomeration: A theoretical framework for understanding the connection between transportation modes, agglomeration benefits, and types of businesses
While delineating the connection between transportation accessibility and economic activity has long been a topic of interest in geography and regional science, a better understanding of the agglomerative benefits of transportation systems is vital. This paper seeks to tie the concepts of accessibility and agglomeration together by arguing that accessibility benefits ultimately stem from the agglomerative potential created by various transportati…
Spatial Models or Random Forest? Evaluating the Use of Spatially Explicit Machine Learning Methods to Predict Employment Density around New Transit Stations in Los Angeles
The increasing use of “new” machine learning techniques, such as random forest, provides an impetus to researchers to better understand the role of space in these models. Thus, this article develops an approach for constructing spatially explicit random forest models by including spatially lagged variables to mirror various spatial econometric specifications in order to test their comparative performance against traditional spatial and nonspatial…
A framework for delineating the scale, extent and characteristics of American retail centre agglomerations
Retail centres are important tools for understanding the distribution and evolution of the retail sector at varying geographical scales. This paper presents a framework through which formal definitions and typologies of retail centres, such as those in the UK, can be extended to the US. Using Chicago as a case study and data from SafeGraph, we present a retail centre delineation method that combines Hierarchical-DBSCAN with ‘H3’, and demonstrate …
A method to derive small area estimates of linked commuting trips by mode from open source Lodes and ACS data
This paper describes a fully customizable open source method to create linked origin-destination data on commuting flows by mode at the Census tract scale by combining LODES and ACS data from the US Census Bureau. With additional work, the method could be scaled to the entire US (with a small number of exceptions) for every year from 2002 to 2019. For demonstration purposes, the paper applies this method to 2015 commuting flows in Cook County, Il…
Assessing modal tradeoffs and associated built environment characteristics using a cost-distance framework
The relationship between the built environment and transportation mode choice is well-studied, but less attention has been spent on the way that urban environments influence the relative travel costs for different modes. This paper uses a ‘cost-distance’ framework to assess the tradeoffs between transportation modes for commuters in the Dublin metropolitan area and employs random forest models to investigate non-linearities in the relationships b…
Third places, the connective fibre of cities and high-tech entrepreneurship
Urban ‘third places’ foster informal interactions and face-to-face contact that is critical to the development of new innovations and start-up businesses. Our research utilises extensive microdata in combination with telephone interviews with over 200 start-up companies in Stockholm, Sweden. Our findings indicate that access to third places has a significant impact on the number of new high-tech start-ups (both by entrepreneur place of residence …
The Long-Run Dynamic Impact of Light Rail Construction on Regional On-Road CO 2 Emissions per Capita
Employing a cutting-edge quasi-experimental event study estimator from de Chaisemartin and D’Haultfœuille, the results of this paper indicate that light rail construction has a significant impact on reducing regional CO 2 emissions per capita, and that these effects change dynamically for at least 20 years after construction. The paper categorizes these long-run effects into four phases of light rail operational effectiveness: an early “establish…
The Walkable Accessibility Score (WAS): A spatially granular open-source measure of walkability for the continental US from 1997 to 2019
This paper describes a straightforward method for calculating an open-source Walkable Accessibility Score (WAS) that measures walkability at the block group scale based on walking distance to business establishments, schools, and parks. Exploratory analysis of the WAS reveals high concentrations of walkable accessibility in the centres of the densest and/or largest cities. Our optimised specification ( decay = 0.008, upper = 800, k = 30) performs…
Analysing urban inequalities in environment and health at the neighbourhood scale in Dublin through a new open-access ‘Health Rating Index’
A composite ‘Health Rating Index’ (HRI) can be used to assess environmental health at the small area level • Built environment, transport, and socioeconomic features are the most important predictors of HRI • HRI is spatially-clustered • ‘Healthier’ small areas have more non-auto commuting, higher population density, longer distances to the nearest road, and higher socioeconomic status • Nonlinear relationships are modelled using novel spatial ra…
A comparative study of socio-economic segregation in European capital city-regions: From segregation to desegregation
Previous research based on 2001 and 2011 census data indicated rising levels of residential segregation between socio-economic groups in many large city-regions in Europe as well as globally. Rising segregation is an important societal concern, as place of residence plays a crucial role in shaping access to urban opportunities. Residential isolation can be especially harmful for the most vulnerable groups. Income inequality was identified as the …
Urban Transport and Accessibility (10 works) · Engineering (7 works) · Business (6 works) · Economics (6 works) · Geography (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Economic geography (5 works) · Transport engineering (5 works) · Economic growth (4 works) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (4 works)