Paul Wallis
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 306842 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Paul Wallis |
| PRENOMES | Paul |
| SOBRENOME | Wallis |
| ASSINATURA | WALLIS P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1434-515X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 260 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1983 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Geoffrey M. Hodgson. The Wealth of a Nation
Nominal wage patterns, monopsony, and labour market power in early modern England
Records of long-eighteenth-century English wage rates exhibit almost absolute nominal rigidity over many decades, alongside significant dispersion between the wages paid by different organizations for the same type of work in the same location. These features of preindustrial wages have been obscured by data aggregation and the construction of real wage series, which introduce variation. In this paper, we argue that the standard explanations for …
Trust, Guilds, and Kinship in London, 1330–1680
How was trust created and reinforced between the inhabitants of medieval and early modern cities? And how did the social foundations of trusting relationships change over time? Current research highlights the role of kinship, neighbourhood, and associations, particularly guilds, in creating ‘relationships of trust’ and social capital in the face of high levels of migration, mortality, and economic volatility, but tells us little about their relat…
Unmaking Apprenticeship in Early Modern London
Apprenticeship in London was the concern of both livery company and city institutions. In this article, we connect evidence about the petitions submitted by apprentices to the Lord Mayor’s Court for early discharge from their indentures with the entries recording their apprenticeship and freedom surviving in the records of Goldsmiths’ Company. Each contains a distinct set of complementary information about apprenticeship in London. By positioning…
Job Tenure and Unskilled Workers before the Industrial Revolution
How were unskilled workers selected and hired in preindustrial labor markets? We exploit records from the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral, London (1672-1748), to analyze the hiring and employment histories of over 1,000 general building laborers, the benchmark category of "unskilled" workers in long-run wage series. Despite volatile demand, St Paul's created a stable workforce by rewarding the tenure of long-standing workers. More senior worker…
Note on Biographic and Bibliographic Information
The Booksellers' Bill involved the interests of four different professions: authors, booksellers, lawyers and politicians. The bibliographic details of most of the characters involved are well known and easily accessible. Accordingly, all that has been provided here is the key bibliographical dates and an asterisk ( * ) where there is an entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1 a dagger ( ) where the person was a member of parliame…
Symposium
Tax, Medicines and the Law
Reviewed by: Tax, Medicines and the Law: From Quackery to Pharmacy by Chantal Stebbings Patrick Wallis Chantal Stebbings. Tax, Medicines and the Law: From Quackery to Pharmacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. xvi + 240 pp. $110.00 (978-1-107-02545-5). From 1783 to 1941, proprietary medicines in Britain were subject to Stamp Duty. Dues of several pence per bottle or box were paid to the government via the manufacturer, with payment pr…
Between Apprenticeship and Skill
ArgumentApprenticeship was probably the largest mode of organized learning in early modern European societies, and artisan practitioners commonly began as apprentices. Yet little is known about how youths actually gained skills. I develop a model of vocational pedagogy that accounts for the characteristics of apprenticeship and use a range of legal and autobiographical sources to examine the contribution of different forms of training in England.…
Structural Change and Economic Growth in the British Economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500-1800
Structural transformation is a key indicator of economic development. We present the first time series of male labor sectoral shares for England and Wales before 1800, using a large sample of probate and apprenticeship data to produce national- and county-level estimates. England experienced a rapid decline in the share of workers in agriculture between the early seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries, associated with rising ag…
Guilds in the transition to modernity
One important aspect of the transition to modernity is the survival of elements of the Old Regime beyond the French Revolution. It has been claimed that this can explain why in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries some Western countries adopted national corporatist structures while others transformed into liberal market economies. One of those elements is the persistence or absence of guild traditions. This is usually analyzed in a n…
Failure or Flexibility? Apprenticeship Training in Premodern Europe
Pre-industrial apprenticeship is often considered more stable than its nineteenth- and twentieth-century counterparts, apparently because of the more durable relationships between masters and apprentices. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that many of those who started apprenticeships did not finish them. New evidence about more than 7,000 contracts across several cities in three countries finds that, for a number of reasons, a substant…
Health and the City
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Households, Consumption and the Development of Medical Care in the Netherlands, 1650–1900
This article examines the development of the Dutch medical marketplace between 1650 and 1900 from a household's perspective. Using debts for medical care recorded in probate inventories, we construct the first quantitative analysis of levels of demand for medical care and the types of medical provision in small towns and villages across the Netherlands – locations much more representative of most of Europe than its better-studied cities. We revea…
Medical Revolutions? The Growth of Medicine in England, 1660–1800
This paper studies the rising use of commercial medical assistance in early modern England.
Introduction
The papers in this section address a common question: how likely were sick people in early modern Europe to seek care from a medical practitioner? The evidence they present reveals a level of engagement with commercial medical provision that varied substantially across Europe but that, for the most part, shared one striking characteristic: growth. While the likelihood that someone would turn to a medical practitioner for help was markedly higher …
The Relationship Between Openness to Experience and Willingness to Engage in Online Political Participation Is Influenced by News Consumption
Openness to experience is known to be an independent predictor of online political behavior, although the degree to which this relationship is influenced by other factors has not been tested. One objective of this study was to test whether the relationship between openness to experience and the propensity to engage in online political participation is mediated by internal political efficacy and hours spent consuming news. The second objective was…
Worthy Efforts
The price of human capital in a pre-industrial economy
James E. Shaw and Evelyn S. Welch, Making and Marketing Medicine in Renaissance Florence
In Making and Marketing Medicine in Renaissance Florence James Shaw and Evelyn Welch have constructed a ‘quantitative microhistory’ of an apothecary's shop in the late fifteenth century. As fits a microhistory, their focus is tight. The book is built around a single shop's accounts for a single year, from August 1493 to July 1494. Despite the unavoidable limitations imposed by this empirical basis, the authors succeed in turning the narrowness of…
Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600
Pamela O. Long. Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600. The OSU Press Horning Visiting Scholars Publication Series. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2011. xii + 196 pp. $22.95. ISBN: 978–0–87071–609–6. - Volume 65 Issue 3
Labor, Law, and Training in Early Modern London
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Rules and reality
This article uses recently digitized samples of apprentices and masters in London and Bristol to quantify the practice of apprenticeship in the late seventeenth century. Apprenticeship appears much more fluid than is traditionally understood. Many apprentices did not complete their terms of indenture; late arrival and early departure from the master's household were widespread. Other apprentices appear to have been absent temporarily, returning t…
Debating a Duty to Treat
A heated ethical and professional debate occurred in the United States in the late 1980s over whether doctors had an ethical obligation to treat people with AIDS. Sparked by public refusals to treat by physicians, the debate was linked to changes in the epidemic and general tensions about the character of the profession. Despite widespread public consensus on the existence of a duty, the outcome of the debate was limited. Physicians’ obligations …
Exotic Drugs and English Medicine
What effect did the dramatic expansion in long distance trade in the early modern period have on healthcare in England? This article presents new evidence on the scale, origins and content of English imports of medical drugs between 1567 and 1774. It shows that the volume of imported medical drugs exploded in the seventeenth century, and continued growing more gradually over the eighteenth century. The variety of imported drugs changed more slowl…
Disease metaphors in new epidemics
Apprenticeship and Training in Premodern England
This article reexamines the economics of premodern apprenticeship in England. I present new data showing that a high proportion of apprenticeships in seventeenth-century London ended before the term of service was finished. I then propose a new account of how training costs and repayments were distributed over the apprenticeship contract such that neither master nor apprentice risked significant loss from early termination. This new account fits …
The Ethnographic Imagination
Consumption, retailing, and medicine in early-modern London
This article examines the early development of specialized retail shops in early modern London. It argues that apothecaries' shops were sites of innovative shop design and display. These practices were responses to attitudes to consumption, the problematic nature of the medical commodities which apothecaries sold, and, particularly, contemporary concerns about their reliability, trustworthiness, and honesty. The article concludes that analyses of…
Metaphors and Biorisks
This article seeks to construct a comparative investigation of the role and application of militaristic metaphors in three contested areas of science-society discourse (invasive species, foot-and-mouth disease, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). It examines differences in the uses of metaphors and the role played by the emergence or neglect of critical linguistic engagement in these areas of public concern. It contributes to debates about th…
The price of human capital in a pre-industrial economy
Networks in the Premodern Economy
We examine the role of social and geographical networks in structuring entry into premodern London's skilled occupations. Newly digitized apprenticeship indenture records for 1600–1749 offer little evidence that personal ties strongly shaped apprentice recruitment. The typical London apprentices had no identifiable tie to their master through kin or place of origin. Migrant apprentices' fathers were generally outside the craft sector. The apprent…
Labor, Law, and Training in Early Modern London
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Structural Change and Economic Growth in the British Economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500-1800
Structural transformation is a key indicator of economic development. We present the first time series of male labor sectoral shares for England and Wales before 1800, using a large sample of probate and apprenticeship data to produce national- and county-level estimates. England experienced a rapid decline in the share of workers in agriculture between the early seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries, associated with rising ag…
Exotic Drugs and English Medicine
What effect did the dramatic expansion in long distance trade in the early modern period have on healthcare in England? This article presents new evidence on the scale, origins and content of English imports of medical drugs between 1567 and 1774. It shows that the volume of imported medical drugs exploded in the seventeenth century, and continued growing more gradually over the eighteenth century. The variety of imported drugs changed more slowl…
Rules and reality
This article uses recently digitized samples of apprentices and masters in London and Bristol to quantify the practice of apprenticeship in the late seventeenth century. Apprenticeship appears much more fluid than is traditionally understood. Many apprentices did not complete their terms of indenture; late arrival and early departure from the master's household were widespread. Other apprentices appear to have been absent temporarily, returning t…
Plagues, Morality and the Place of Medicine in Early Modern England
Plague was a harsh trial for early modern communities. Responding to he heavy toll of sickness and death presented tough ethical problems: Who must act? What risks must they accept? This paper examines the role and obligations of English medical practitioners during epidemics. It focuses on the key question of whether they should stay to treat the sick or could flee to safety. Historians have often condemned doctors who fled, assuming that this w…
The education and training of gentry sons in early modern England
Leaving home and entering service
Leaving home and entering service was a key transition in early modern England. This article presents evidence on the age of apprenticeship in London. Using a new sample of 22,156 apprentices bound between 1575 and 1810, we find that apprentices became younger (from 17.4 to 14.7 years) and more homogeneous in age, irrespective of background. We examine the effect of region of origin, parental occupation, Company entered and paternal mortality on …
Nominal wage patterns, monopsony, and labour market power in early modern England
Records of long-eighteenth-century English wage rates exhibit almost absolute nominal rigidity over many decades, alongside significant dispersion between the wages paid by different organizations for the same type of work in the same location. These features of preindustrial wages have been obscured by data aggregation and the construction of real wage series, which introduce variation. In this paper, we argue that the standard explanations for …
Failure or Flexibility? Apprenticeship Training in Premodern Europe
Pre-industrial apprenticeship is often considered more stable than its nineteenth- and twentieth-century counterparts, apparently because of the more durable relationships between masters and apprentices. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that many of those who started apprenticeships did not finish them. New evidence about more than 7,000 contracts across several cities in three countries finds that, for a number of reasons, a substant…
Trust, Guilds, and Kinship in London, 1330–1680
How was trust created and reinforced between the inhabitants of medieval and early modern cities? And how did the social foundations of trusting relationships change over time? Current research highlights the role of kinship, neighbourhood, and associations, particularly guilds, in creating ‘relationships of trust’ and social capital in the face of high levels of migration, mortality, and economic volatility, but tells us little about their relat…
Job Tenure and Unskilled Workers before the Industrial Revolution
How were unskilled workers selected and hired in preindustrial labor markets? We exploit records from the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral, London (1672-1748), to analyze the hiring and employment histories of over 1,000 general building laborers, the benchmark category of "unskilled" workers in long-run wage series. Despite volatile demand, St Paul's created a stable workforce by rewarding the tenure of long-standing workers. More senior worker…
Between Apprenticeship and Skill
ArgumentApprenticeship was probably the largest mode of organized learning in early modern European societies, and artisan practitioners commonly began as apprentices. Yet little is known about how youths actually gained skills. I develop a model of vocational pedagogy that accounts for the characteristics of apprenticeship and use a range of legal and autobiographical sources to examine the contribution of different forms of training in England.…
Households, Consumption and the Development of Medical Care in the Netherlands, 1650–1900
This article examines the development of the Dutch medical marketplace between 1650 and 1900 from a household's perspective. Using debts for medical care recorded in probate inventories, we construct the first quantitative analysis of levels of demand for medical care and the types of medical provision in small towns and villages across the Netherlands – locations much more representative of most of Europe than its better-studied cities. We revea…
Medical Revolutions? The Growth of Medicine in England, 1660–1800
This paper studies the rising use of commercial medical assistance in early modern England.
The Relationship Between Openness to Experience and Willingness to Engage in Online Political Participation Is Influenced by News Consumption
Openness to experience is known to be an independent predictor of online political behavior, although the degree to which this relationship is influenced by other factors has not been tested. One objective of this study was to test whether the relationship between openness to experience and the propensity to engage in online political participation is mediated by internal political efficacy and hours spent consuming news. The second objective was…
Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600
Pamela O. Long. Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600. The OSU Press Horning Visiting Scholars Publication Series. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2011. xii + 196 pp. $22.95. ISBN: 978–0–87071–609–6. - Volume 65 Issue 3
A Dreadful Heritage
The events of the plague epidemic that afflicted Eyam, a small village in Derbyshire, in 1665-6 have made the village famous. It attracts tens of thousands of visitors each year, making it an epicentre of Europe's plague heritage. The story of Eyam's plague is told as an exemplary narrative of heroic self-sacrifice, in which the villagers suffer in self-imposed isolation in order to save the county from the disease. It is, however, largely a fict…
Sars, Governance and the Globalization of Disease
David P. Fidler, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. 240. £47.50 (hbk). ISBN 1–4039–3326-X. One of the most striking aspects of the SARS epidemic was its timeliness in giving form to the slew of recent warnings about the threat from emerging infectious diseases. SARS was, of course, far from the first new infectious disease to appear but it was, and for the moment remains, the only one to be efficiently transmitted by respiratory means. As…
Eighteenth-Century British Books
Fault, Breakdown, and the Church of England's Involvement in the 1969 Divorce Reform
The 1969 reform of the divorce laws was part of a wider trend towards the relaxation of family law that took place in most western countries in the 1960s and 1970s.In Britain, the legislation resulted only in a regime of partial no-fault divorce. This was the result of a compromise between church and state, which is investigated in this article using Lambeth Palace papers and the archives of the Church of England's Moral Welfare Council. In parti…
The Ethnographic Imagination
The Royal Doctors, 1485-1714
1University of Nottingham The Royal Doctors, 1485–1714: Medical Personnel at the Tudor and Stuart Courts Elizabeth LaneFurdell WoodbridgeBoydell & Brewer 2001305£40
Sars, Governance and the Globalization of Disease
David P. Fidler, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. 240. £47.50 (hbk). ISBN 1–4039–3326-X. One of the most striking aspects of the SARS epidemic was its timeliness in giving form to the slew of recent warnings about the threat from emerging infectious diseases. SARS was, of course, far from the first new infectious disease to appear but it was, and for the moment remains, the only one to be efficiently transmitted by respiratory means. As…
Metaphors and Biorisks
This article seeks to construct a comparative investigation of the role and application of militaristic metaphors in three contested areas of science-society discourse (invasive species, foot-and-mouth disease, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). It examines differences in the uses of metaphors and the role played by the emergence or neglect of critical linguistic engagement in these areas of public concern. It contributes to debates about th…
Disease metaphors in new epidemics
Plagues, Morality and the Place of Medicine in Early Modern England
Plague was a harsh trial for early modern communities. Responding to he heavy toll of sickness and death presented tough ethical problems: Who must act? What risks must they accept? This paper examines the role and obligations of English medical practitioners during epidemics. It focuses on the key question of whether they should stay to treat the sick or could flee to safety. Historians have often condemned doctors who fled, assuming that this w…
A Dreadful Heritage
The events of the plague epidemic that afflicted Eyam, a small village in Derbyshire, in 1665-6 have made the village famous. It attracts tens of thousands of visitors each year, making it an epicentre of Europe's plague heritage. The story of Eyam's plague is told as an exemplary narrative of heroic self-sacrifice, in which the villagers suffer in self-imposed isolation in order to save the county from the disease. It is, however, largely a fict…
The Practice of Reform in Health, Medicine, and Science, 1500 2000
Few historians have had as broad and fundamental an intellectual impact on their field as Charles Webster. Preparing a festschrift that reflects his range of interests and the extent of his contribution to the discipline is an almost impossible challenge. Despite this, Margaret Pelling and Scott Mandelbrote have achieved a worthy tribute in this very substantial collection of 18 essays by his students, friends and colleagues. Like Webster himself…
Apprenticeship and Training in Premodern England
This article reexamines the economics of premodern apprenticeship in England. I present new data showing that a high proportion of apprenticeships in seventeenth-century London ended before the term of service was finished. I then propose a new account of how training costs and repayments were distributed over the apprenticeship contract such that neither master nor apprentice risked significant loss from early termination. This new account fits …
Consumption, retailing, and medicine in early-modern London
This article examines the early development of specialized retail shops in early modern London. It argues that apothecaries' shops were sites of innovative shop design and display. These practices were responses to attitudes to consumption, the problematic nature of the medical commodities which apothecaries sold, and, particularly, contemporary concerns about their reliability, trustworthiness, and honesty. The article concludes that analyses of…
Leaving home and entering service
Leaving home and entering service was a key transition in early modern England. This article presents evidence on the age of apprenticeship in London. Using a new sample of 22,156 apprentices bound between 1575 and 1810, we find that apprentices became younger (from 17.4 to 14.7 years) and more homogeneous in age, irrespective of background. We examine the effect of region of origin, parental occupation, Company entered and paternal mortality on …
Debating a Duty to Treat
A heated ethical and professional debate occurred in the United States in the late 1980s over whether doctors had an ethical obligation to treat people with AIDS. Sparked by public refusals to treat by physicians, the debate was linked to changes in the epidemic and general tensions about the character of the profession. Despite widespread public consensus on the existence of a duty, the outcome of the debate was limited. Physicians’ obligations …
Exotic Drugs and English Medicine
What effect did the dramatic expansion in long distance trade in the early modern period have on healthcare in England? This article presents new evidence on the scale, origins and content of English imports of medical drugs between 1567 and 1774. It shows that the volume of imported medical drugs exploded in the seventeenth century, and continued growing more gradually over the eighteenth century. The variety of imported drugs changed more slowl…
The education and training of gentry sons in early modern England
Networks in the Premodern Economy
We examine the role of social and geographical networks in structuring entry into premodern London's skilled occupations. Newly digitized apprenticeship indenture records for 1600–1749 offer little evidence that personal ties strongly shaped apprentice recruitment. The typical London apprentices had no identifiable tie to their master through kin or place of origin. Migrant apprentices' fathers were generally outside the craft sector. The apprent…
James E. Shaw and Evelyn S. Welch, Making and Marketing Medicine in Renaissance Florence
In Making and Marketing Medicine in Renaissance Florence James Shaw and Evelyn Welch have constructed a ‘quantitative microhistory’ of an apothecary's shop in the late fifteenth century. As fits a microhistory, their focus is tight. The book is built around a single shop's accounts for a single year, from August 1493 to July 1494. Despite the unavoidable limitations imposed by this empirical basis, the authors succeed in turning the narrowness of…
Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600
Pamela O. Long. Artisan/Practitioners and the Rise of the New Sciences, 1400–1600. The OSU Press Horning Visiting Scholars Publication Series. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2011. xii + 196 pp. $22.95. ISBN: 978–0–87071–609–6. - Volume 65 Issue 3
Labor, Law, and Training in Early Modern London
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Rules and reality
This article uses recently digitized samples of apprentices and masters in London and Bristol to quantify the practice of apprenticeship in the late seventeenth century. Apprenticeship appears much more fluid than is traditionally understood. Many apprentices did not complete their terms of indenture; late arrival and early departure from the master's household were widespread. Other apprentices appear to have been absent temporarily, returning t…
The price of human capital in a pre-industrial economy
The Relationship Between Openness to Experience and Willingness to Engage in Online Political Participation Is Influenced by News Consumption
Openness to experience is known to be an independent predictor of online political behavior, although the degree to which this relationship is influenced by other factors has not been tested. One objective of this study was to test whether the relationship between openness to experience and the propensity to engage in online political participation is mediated by internal political efficacy and hours spent consuming news. The second objective was…
Worthy Efforts
Health and the City
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Historical Economic and Social Studies (25 obras) · Political science (25 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · Economics (18 obras) · History (16 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Law (13 obras) · History (12 obras) · Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes (11 obras) · Medicine (11 obras)