Zarin P Machanda
Biographic Data
| ID | 3074192 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Zarin P Machanda |
| GIVEN NAMES | Zarin P |
| FAMILY NAME | Machanda |
| SIGNATURE | MACHANDA Z P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Tufts University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7060-7949 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 87 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Female Affiliation and Status in Semi‐Free‐Ranging Chimpanzees
Wild Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) Use Tools to Access Out of Reach Water
The use of tools to drink water is well‐documented in wild chimpanzees, but the specific function of this behavior is unclear. Here we use a large data set of drinking behaviors spanning 14 years of observation from the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Uganda, to test two possible functions of leaf‐sponges and other drinking tools. On the one hand, chimpanzees may use tools to access water that is hard to reach, …
Genital Wounding in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Targeted Attacks or Happenstance
Observational approaches to chimpanzee behavior in an African sanctuary: Implications for research, welfare, and capacity‐building
Research in African ape sanctuaries has emerged as an important context for our understanding of comparative cognition and behavior. While much of this work has focused on experimental studies of cognition, these animals semi‐free‐range in forest habitats and therefore can also provide important information about the behavior of primates in socioecologically‐relevant naturalistic contexts. In this “ New Approaches ” article, we describe a project…
Viruses associated with ill health in wild chimpanzees
Viral infection is a major cause of ill health in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), but most evidence to date has come from conspicuous disease outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. To examine the relationship between viral infection and ill health during periods not associated with disease outbreaks, we conducted a longitudinal study of wild eastern chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ) in the Kanyawara and Ngogo communities of Kibale …
Female‐directed aggression by adolescent male chimpanzees primarily constitutes dominance striving, not sexual coercion
OBJECTIVES: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are notable for exhibiting high levels of male-to-female aggression. Much of this aggression from adult males serves sexually coercive functions. Despite being smaller and lower-ranking than adult males, adolescent males also engage in regular aggression against adult females. Here, we test whether the primary function of this aggression is sexual coercion, as in adult males, or, alternatively, whether ad…
Human‐like adrenal development in wild chimpanzees: A longitudinal study of urinary dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate and cortisol
The development of the adrenal cortex varies considerably across primates, being most conspicuous in humans, where a functional zona reticularis–the site of dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA/S) production–does not develop until middle childhood (5–8 years). Prior reports suggest that a human‐like adrenarche, associated with a sharp prepubertal increase in DHEA/S, may only occur in the genus Pan . However, the timing and variability in adrenarc…
Wood and meat as complementary sources of sodium for Kanyawara chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
OBJECTIVES: Sodium, a vital micronutrient that is often in scarce supply for tropical herbivores, is sometimes found at high concentration in decaying wood. We tested two hypotheses for chimpanzees: first, that wood-eating facilitates acquisition of sodium; second, that wood-eating occurs in response to the low availability of sodium from other dietary sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the behavior of more than 50 chimpanzees of all age-…
The development of feeding behavior in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )
OBJECTIVES: Primates have an extended period of juvenility before adulthood. Although dietary complexity plays a prominent role in hypotheses regarding the evolution of extended juvenility, the development of feeding behavior is still poorly understood. Indeed, few studies have investigated the timing and nature of feeding transitions in apes, including chimpanzees. We describe general patterns of feeding development in wild chimpanzees and evalu…
Predation by female chimpanzees: Toward an understanding of sex differences in meat acquisition in the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo
Dental eruption in East African wild chimpanzees
Male–Female Association Patterns Among Free-ranging Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees
The entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti is a colonic mutualist of great apes. Its host specificity makes it a suitable model for studies of primate evolution. We explored molecular diversity of T. abrassarti with regard to large geographical distribution and taxonomic diversity of its most common host, the chimpanzee. We found a very low diversification of T. abrassarti in chimpanzees across Africa. Distribution of two types of T. a…
Enamel thickness in Bornean and Sumatran orangutan dentitions
Dental enamel thickness has received considerable attention in ecological models of the adaptive significance of primate morphology. Several authors have theorized that the degree of enamel thickness may reflect selective pressures related to the consumption of fallback foods (dietary items that may require complex processing and/or have low nutritional value) during times of preferred food scarcity. Others have speculated that enamel thickness r…
Ecological consequences of scaling of chew cycle duration and daily feeding time in Primates
Enamel thickness in Bornean and Sumatran orangutan dentitions
Dental enamel thickness has received considerable attention in ecological models of the adaptive significance of primate morphology. Several authors have theorized that the degree of enamel thickness may reflect selective pressures related to the consumption of fallback foods (dietary items that may require complex processing and/or have low nutritional value) during times of preferred food scarcity. Others have speculated that enamel thickness r…
Dental eruption in East African wild chimpanzees
Ecological consequences of scaling of chew cycle duration and daily feeding time in Primates
The development of feeding behavior in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )
OBJECTIVES: Primates have an extended period of juvenility before adulthood. Although dietary complexity plays a prominent role in hypotheses regarding the evolution of extended juvenility, the development of feeding behavior is still poorly understood. Indeed, few studies have investigated the timing and nature of feeding transitions in apes, including chimpanzees. We describe general patterns of feeding development in wild chimpanzees and evalu…
Predation by female chimpanzees: Toward an understanding of sex differences in meat acquisition in the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo
Male–Female Association Patterns Among Free-ranging Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Wood and meat as complementary sources of sodium for Kanyawara chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
OBJECTIVES: Sodium, a vital micronutrient that is often in scarce supply for tropical herbivores, is sometimes found at high concentration in decaying wood. We tested two hypotheses for chimpanzees: first, that wood-eating facilitates acquisition of sodium; second, that wood-eating occurs in response to the low availability of sodium from other dietary sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the behavior of more than 50 chimpanzees of all age-…
Ecological consequences of scaling of chew cycle duration and daily feeding time in Primates
Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees
The entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti is a colonic mutualist of great apes. Its host specificity makes it a suitable model for studies of primate evolution. We explored molecular diversity of T. abrassarti with regard to large geographical distribution and taxonomic diversity of its most common host, the chimpanzee. We found a very low diversification of T. abrassarti in chimpanzees across Africa. Distribution of two types of T. a…
Enamel thickness in Bornean and Sumatran orangutan dentitions
Dental enamel thickness has received considerable attention in ecological models of the adaptive significance of primate morphology. Several authors have theorized that the degree of enamel thickness may reflect selective pressures related to the consumption of fallback foods (dietary items that may require complex processing and/or have low nutritional value) during times of preferred food scarcity. Others have speculated that enamel thickness r…
Male–Female Association Patterns Among Free-ranging Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Dental eruption in East African wild chimpanzees
Predation by female chimpanzees: Toward an understanding of sex differences in meat acquisition in the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo
The development of feeding behavior in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )
OBJECTIVES: Primates have an extended period of juvenility before adulthood. Although dietary complexity plays a prominent role in hypotheses regarding the evolution of extended juvenility, the development of feeding behavior is still poorly understood. Indeed, few studies have investigated the timing and nature of feeding transitions in apes, including chimpanzees. We describe general patterns of feeding development in wild chimpanzees and evalu…
Human‐like adrenal development in wild chimpanzees: A longitudinal study of urinary dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate and cortisol
The development of the adrenal cortex varies considerably across primates, being most conspicuous in humans, where a functional zona reticularis–the site of dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA/S) production–does not develop until middle childhood (5–8 years). Prior reports suggest that a human‐like adrenarche, associated with a sharp prepubertal increase in DHEA/S, may only occur in the genus Pan . However, the timing and variability in adrenarc…
Wood and meat as complementary sources of sodium for Kanyawara chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
OBJECTIVES: Sodium, a vital micronutrient that is often in scarce supply for tropical herbivores, is sometimes found at high concentration in decaying wood. We tested two hypotheses for chimpanzees: first, that wood-eating facilitates acquisition of sodium; second, that wood-eating occurs in response to the low availability of sodium from other dietary sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the behavior of more than 50 chimpanzees of all age-…
Female‐directed aggression by adolescent male chimpanzees primarily constitutes dominance striving, not sexual coercion
OBJECTIVES: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are notable for exhibiting high levels of male-to-female aggression. Much of this aggression from adult males serves sexually coercive functions. Despite being smaller and lower-ranking than adult males, adolescent males also engage in regular aggression against adult females. Here, we test whether the primary function of this aggression is sexual coercion, as in adult males, or, alternatively, whether ad…
Viruses associated with ill health in wild chimpanzees
Viral infection is a major cause of ill health in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), but most evidence to date has come from conspicuous disease outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. To examine the relationship between viral infection and ill health during periods not associated with disease outbreaks, we conducted a longitudinal study of wild eastern chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ) in the Kanyawara and Ngogo communities of Kibale …
Observational approaches to chimpanzee behavior in an African sanctuary: Implications for research, welfare, and capacity‐building
Research in African ape sanctuaries has emerged as an important context for our understanding of comparative cognition and behavior. While much of this work has focused on experimental studies of cognition, these animals semi‐free‐range in forest habitats and therefore can also provide important information about the behavior of primates in socioecologically‐relevant naturalistic contexts. In this “ New Approaches ” article, we describe a project…
Wild Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) Use Tools to Access Out of Reach Water
The use of tools to drink water is well‐documented in wild chimpanzees, but the specific function of this behavior is unclear. Here we use a large data set of drinking behaviors spanning 14 years of observation from the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Uganda, to test two possible functions of leaf‐sponges and other drinking tools. On the one hand, chimpanzees may use tools to access water that is hard to reach, …
Genital Wounding in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Targeted Attacks or Happenstance
Female Affiliation and Status in Semi‐Free‐Ranging Chimpanzees
Biology (14 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (13 works) · Ecology (10 works) · Zoology (10 works) · Troglodytes (7 works) · Demography (6 works) · Ecology (5 works) · Geography (5 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Primate (5 works)