Ruth Linn
Biographic Data
| ID | 307476 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ruth Linn |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ruth |
| FAMILY NAME | Linn |
| SIGNATURE | LINN R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Haifa |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 17 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 21 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The Intelligence of Yakuts and Ethnic Russians in Yakutia
The objective of this paper is to report a study of the intelligence of Yakuts and ethnic Russians in Yakutia. The samples were drawn from Yakutsk, the capital of the Yakutia region containing almost one third of the population of the province, and from Viluysk, a town with the population of approximately 10,600, which is situated 592 km north-west of Yakutsk. The sample from Yakutsk consisted of 52 ethnic Russian and 128 ethnic Yakut school stud…
Genocide and the politics of remembering
The nameless hero: the Auschwitz escapee “We speak so much of memory because there is little of it left,” said the renowned Pier Nora (1989, p 7). This statement is certainly true in the case of Rudolf Vrba, a remarkable Holocaust hero, one of only five Jews who succeeded in escaping from Auschwitz (Kulka, 1968/1975). Born as Walter Rosenberg in Topolcany, Czechoslovakia, in 1924, Vrba was expelled from the High School of Bratislava at the age of…
Motherhood as a Narrative of Moral Resistance
The paper examines the ways mature single mothers of choice construct their new narrative when converting their physicality into both knowledge and power. It studies the decision of single women aged over thirty to actualize their wish for a child as a narrative of moral resistance and survival. It suggests that motherhood be examined as a position by (and from) which women (who refuse to remain single and childless) can voice their criticism on …
The Heart Has Its Reason and the Reason Has Its Heart
This paper reflects on the work of Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan as a missing chapter in the counseling curricula, and discusses the explanatory power of each theory. The paper illustrates how Kohlberg's theory mirrors the “separate” truth of theories of development, and the alternative truths suggested by Gilligan
Conscience at war
During the last three decades cognitive developmental psychology conceptualized morality as a phenomenon that develops among peers in a context-free world, and is most likely to be tested among first-year psychology students. The nature of real-life irreversible actions like those the individual faces in the context of war, when one's own and others' lives are at risk, when decisions have to be made on the spur of the moment, in an authoritative …
In the name of the Holocaust
Holocaust as Metaphor
This article describes the use and function of Holocaust symbols in the ongoing circumstances of the Middle East. The straggle between the Palestinian and Israeli communities is presented as emerging within a simple metaphoric framework, and this article suggests that each community uses Holocaust symbols for its own purposes. From the Arab position, Holocaust metaphors are primarily used to define the Jews as Nazis. Concomitant with the Palestin…
The Emergence of Holocaust Memories in the Moral Dilemmas of Objecting Israeli Soldiers During the Intifada
In the search for their moral identity, Israeli soldiers seem to have turned to their collective memories for guidance (Shapira, 1971, Young, 1989). This paper focused on this search among objecting reserve soldiers during the Intifada. It showed that Holocaust symbols and metaphors were being used as a frame of reference against which one's moral confusion was judged (Linn, 1991). As noted by Young (1989) “What is remembered of the Holocaust dep…
When the Individual Soldier Says `No' to War
This paper is an attempt to profile the personal and societal incentives for selective refusal among Israeli reserve soldiers during the Intifada. The article draws in part upon Kohlberg's model of moral development and addresses the following questions: (1) What is the motivation for selective refusal in times of morally-controversial conflicts such as the Intifada? (2) What socio-psychological incentives could ease the way to refusal? (3) What …
Resistance and Motivation - Moral, Political or Personal? Israeli Soldiers as Selective Conscientious Objectors During the Intifada
A person's belief in the moral character of his own act is surely not the only court before which that act may be judged. While a reflective conscience is a necessary court, and a very important one, it is not a sufficient one. The audience would want to know whether the individual was acting conscientiously, and whether this way of acting might have moral and/or political motivation. The following paper utilizes Cohen's model for identification …
Thirty nothing
Morally Puzzled Individuals in a Morally Puzzled Community
The particularity of the phenomenon of selective conscientious objection to given war objectives or conduct in the war requires an inquiry beyond individual moral character. This paper follows Walzer's 1970 suggestion that objection on moral ground is not solely the product of an individual's moral thinking but rather a function of the character of the community as well as the relations between them. The paper focuses on the experience of 48 sele…
Relationships and the Meaning of Power for Disadvantaged Women
The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of power for 36 disadvantaged women. Interview responses were coded for moral orientation (care, justice), self-definition (connected, separate) and relational context, as well as examined for themes of power. Analyses did not support the expectation that the majority of disadvantaged women would experience power as a care orientation. Moreover, being employed or a mother did not moderate a wom…
Justice and Care Reasoning in Morally Ambiguous Situations - Examples From Vietnam and the Intifada
The following paper analyzes two types of moral reasoning presented by two moral figures from the My Lai massacre and in an extreme morally conflicting situation during the first phase of the Intifada. The socio-moral and political forces that shape the state of min d of the acting soldiers are delineated. The work of Kohlberg (1984) and Gilligan (1987) serve as the theoretical framework for this inquiry
Life Satisfaction Among Israeli Soldiers With Penetrating Head Wounds
The relationships between life satisfaction and the severity of the injuries were examined using interview data collected in a follow-up study of soldiers who received penetrating head wounds during the war in Lebanon in 1982-1985. Mean reported life satisfaction in the past was higher than that noted immediately after injury, following rehabilitation or for the future, while the lowest levels of satisfaction were reported around the time of inju…
Holocaust Metaphors and Symbols in the Moral Dilemmas of Contemporary Israeli Soldiers
This article examines the development, function, and changes in metaphors concerning moral issues arising for contemporary military actors in Israel. Attention is given to the role of the collective experience of the Holocaust in the construction and understanding of commonly used phrases. The key metaphor themes holding shared linguistic meanings are: "IT IS GOOD TO DIE FOR THIS COUNTRY," "SHOOTING AND CRYING," "PURITY OF ARMS," "COG IN THE MACH…
Combatant Medics as Selective Conscientious Objectors—Morally or Politically Motivated Behavior? An Israeli Example from the War in Lebanon
According to Cohen, soldiers' refusal to take part in an ongoing war out of their “cry of conscience” might be direct or indirect in form, and morally or politically motivated. The dominant group among a sample of 36 Israeli selective conscientious objectors during the first year of the war in Lebanon (June 1982-June 1985) were combatant medics. Were their motives moral ones? The following paper delineates the motives of this group of moral actor…
Terrorism, morality and soldiers' motivation to fight—An example from the Israeli experience in Lebanon
This paper focuses on motivation of soldiers to fight against terrorists. On a theoretical level it discusses the specific nature of this type of war as compared to a conventional war. It delineates the interplay of the justice laws of war and the different types of fighting against terrorists. On a practical level, it presents the specific example of the Israeli ways of fighting the terrorists and attempts to learn from the experience of soldier…
When an Aids Child Enters the Classroom
In this paper are raised some crucial moral questions regarding the rights of the AIDS child within the educational setting: Should an AIDS child be included to or excluded from his class? The nature of the decision making process in this matter is discussed in line with Kohlberg's moral psychological theory
Moral Reasoning and Behavior of Striking Physicians in Israel
Routine daily experience does not always provide physicians and moral researchers the opportunity to focus on the ways in which personal moral values are put into practice. An extreme situation—a physicians' strike—provided such an opportunity. This paper is based on interviews with 50 Israeli striking physicians. The extent to which the physicians' justifications of their action reflected their moral competence, is discussed
Conscientious Objection in Israel During the War in Lebanon
The Lebanon war (June 1982 to June 1985) is the first one in the history of Israel that gave rise to the phenomenon of conscientious objection. Given the particularity of this phenomenon to this war, this article addresses those sociomoral factors that may have contributed to the decision of 36 reserve soldiers to dissociate themselves from their fighting units during the first year of the war. It is suggested that the main factors were the objec…
When the Individual Soldier Says `No' to War
This paper is an attempt to profile the personal and societal incentives for selective refusal among Israeli reserve soldiers during the Intifada. The article draws in part upon Kohlberg's model of moral development and addresses the following questions: (1) What is the motivation for selective refusal in times of morally-controversial conflicts such as the Intifada? (2) What socio-psychological incentives could ease the way to refusal? (3) What …
Conscientious Objection in Israel During the War in Lebanon
The Lebanon war (June 1982 to June 1985) is the first one in the history of Israel that gave rise to the phenomenon of conscientious objection. Given the particularity of this phenomenon to this war, this article addresses those sociomoral factors that may have contributed to the decision of 36 reserve soldiers to dissociate themselves from their fighting units during the first year of the war. It is suggested that the main factors were the objec…
Motherhood as a Narrative of Moral Resistance
The paper examines the ways mature single mothers of choice construct their new narrative when converting their physicality into both knowledge and power. It studies the decision of single women aged over thirty to actualize their wish for a child as a narrative of moral resistance and survival. It suggests that motherhood be examined as a position by (and from) which women (who refuse to remain single and childless) can voice their criticism on …
Relationships and the Meaning of Power for Disadvantaged Women
The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of power for 36 disadvantaged women. Interview responses were coded for moral orientation (care, justice), self-definition (connected, separate) and relational context, as well as examined for themes of power. Analyses did not support the expectation that the majority of disadvantaged women would experience power as a care orientation. Moreover, being employed or a mother did not moderate a wom…
Life Satisfaction Among Israeli Soldiers With Penetrating Head Wounds
The relationships between life satisfaction and the severity of the injuries were examined using interview data collected in a follow-up study of soldiers who received penetrating head wounds during the war in Lebanon in 1982-1985. Mean reported life satisfaction in the past was higher than that noted immediately after injury, following rehabilitation or for the future, while the lowest levels of satisfaction were reported around the time of inju…
Terrorism, morality and soldiers' motivation to fight—An example from the Israeli experience in Lebanon
This paper focuses on motivation of soldiers to fight against terrorists. On a theoretical level it discusses the specific nature of this type of war as compared to a conventional war. It delineates the interplay of the justice laws of war and the different types of fighting against terrorists. On a practical level, it presents the specific example of the Israeli ways of fighting the terrorists and attempts to learn from the experience of soldier…
Conscientious Objection in Israel During the War in Lebanon
The Lebanon war (June 1982 to June 1985) is the first one in the history of Israel that gave rise to the phenomenon of conscientious objection. Given the particularity of this phenomenon to this war, this article addresses those sociomoral factors that may have contributed to the decision of 36 reserve soldiers to dissociate themselves from their fighting units during the first year of the war. It is suggested that the main factors were the objec…
When an Aids Child Enters the Classroom
In this paper are raised some crucial moral questions regarding the rights of the AIDS child within the educational setting: Should an AIDS child be included to or excluded from his class? The nature of the decision making process in this matter is discussed in line with Kohlberg's moral psychological theory
Moral Reasoning and Behavior of Striking Physicians in Israel
Routine daily experience does not always provide physicians and moral researchers the opportunity to focus on the ways in which personal moral values are put into practice. An extreme situation—a physicians' strike—provided such an opportunity. This paper is based on interviews with 50 Israeli striking physicians. The extent to which the physicians' justifications of their action reflected their moral competence, is discussed
Terrorism, morality and soldiers' motivation to fight—An example from the Israeli experience in Lebanon
This paper focuses on motivation of soldiers to fight against terrorists. On a theoretical level it discusses the specific nature of this type of war as compared to a conventional war. It delineates the interplay of the justice laws of war and the different types of fighting against terrorists. On a practical level, it presents the specific example of the Israeli ways of fighting the terrorists and attempts to learn from the experience of soldier…
Combatant Medics as Selective Conscientious Objectors—Morally or Politically Motivated Behavior? An Israeli Example from the War in Lebanon
According to Cohen, soldiers' refusal to take part in an ongoing war out of their “cry of conscience” might be direct or indirect in form, and morally or politically motivated. The dominant group among a sample of 36 Israeli selective conscientious objectors during the first year of the war in Lebanon (June 1982-June 1985) were combatant medics. Were their motives moral ones? The following paper delineates the motives of this group of moral actor…
Holocaust Metaphors and Symbols in the Moral Dilemmas of Contemporary Israeli Soldiers
This article examines the development, function, and changes in metaphors concerning moral issues arising for contemporary military actors in Israel. Attention is given to the role of the collective experience of the Holocaust in the construction and understanding of commonly used phrases. The key metaphor themes holding shared linguistic meanings are: "IT IS GOOD TO DIE FOR THIS COUNTRY," "SHOOTING AND CRYING," "PURITY OF ARMS," "COG IN THE MACH…
Life Satisfaction Among Israeli Soldiers With Penetrating Head Wounds
The relationships between life satisfaction and the severity of the injuries were examined using interview data collected in a follow-up study of soldiers who received penetrating head wounds during the war in Lebanon in 1982-1985. Mean reported life satisfaction in the past was higher than that noted immediately after injury, following rehabilitation or for the future, while the lowest levels of satisfaction were reported around the time of inju…
Justice and Care Reasoning in Morally Ambiguous Situations - Examples From Vietnam and the Intifada
The following paper analyzes two types of moral reasoning presented by two moral figures from the My Lai massacre and in an extreme morally conflicting situation during the first phase of the Intifada. The socio-moral and political forces that shape the state of min d of the acting soldiers are delineated. The work of Kohlberg (1984) and Gilligan (1987) serve as the theoretical framework for this inquiry
Morally Puzzled Individuals in a Morally Puzzled Community
The particularity of the phenomenon of selective conscientious objection to given war objectives or conduct in the war requires an inquiry beyond individual moral character. This paper follows Walzer's 1970 suggestion that objection on moral ground is not solely the product of an individual's moral thinking but rather a function of the character of the community as well as the relations between them. The paper focuses on the experience of 48 sele…
Relationships and the Meaning of Power for Disadvantaged Women
The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of power for 36 disadvantaged women. Interview responses were coded for moral orientation (care, justice), self-definition (connected, separate) and relational context, as well as examined for themes of power. Analyses did not support the expectation that the majority of disadvantaged women would experience power as a care orientation. Moreover, being employed or a mother did not moderate a wom…
Resistance and Motivation - Moral, Political or Personal? Israeli Soldiers as Selective Conscientious Objectors During the Intifada
A person's belief in the moral character of his own act is surely not the only court before which that act may be judged. While a reflective conscience is a necessary court, and a very important one, it is not a sufficient one. The audience would want to know whether the individual was acting conscientiously, and whether this way of acting might have moral and/or political motivation. The following paper utilizes Cohen's model for identification …
Thirty nothing
Holocaust as Metaphor
This article describes the use and function of Holocaust symbols in the ongoing circumstances of the Middle East. The straggle between the Palestinian and Israeli communities is presented as emerging within a simple metaphoric framework, and this article suggests that each community uses Holocaust symbols for its own purposes. From the Arab position, Holocaust metaphors are primarily used to define the Jews as Nazis. Concomitant with the Palestin…
The Emergence of Holocaust Memories in the Moral Dilemmas of Objecting Israeli Soldiers During the Intifada
In the search for their moral identity, Israeli soldiers seem to have turned to their collective memories for guidance (Shapira, 1971, Young, 1989). This paper focused on this search among objecting reserve soldiers during the Intifada. It showed that Holocaust symbols and metaphors were being used as a frame of reference against which one's moral confusion was judged (Linn, 1991). As noted by Young (1989) “What is remembered of the Holocaust dep…
When the Individual Soldier Says `No' to War
This paper is an attempt to profile the personal and societal incentives for selective refusal among Israeli reserve soldiers during the Intifada. The article draws in part upon Kohlberg's model of moral development and addresses the following questions: (1) What is the motivation for selective refusal in times of morally-controversial conflicts such as the Intifada? (2) What socio-psychological incentives could ease the way to refusal? (3) What …
In the name of the Holocaust
The Heart Has Its Reason and the Reason Has Its Heart
This paper reflects on the work of Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan as a missing chapter in the counseling curricula, and discusses the explanatory power of each theory. The paper illustrates how Kohlberg's theory mirrors the “separate” truth of theories of development, and the alternative truths suggested by Gilligan
Conscience at war
During the last three decades cognitive developmental psychology conceptualized morality as a phenomenon that develops among peers in a context-free world, and is most likely to be tested among first-year psychology students. The nature of real-life irreversible actions like those the individual faces in the context of war, when one's own and others' lives are at risk, when decisions have to be made on the spur of the moment, in an authoritative …
Motherhood as a Narrative of Moral Resistance
The paper examines the ways mature single mothers of choice construct their new narrative when converting their physicality into both knowledge and power. It studies the decision of single women aged over thirty to actualize their wish for a child as a narrative of moral resistance and survival. It suggests that motherhood be examined as a position by (and from) which women (who refuse to remain single and childless) can voice their criticism on …
Genocide and the politics of remembering
The nameless hero: the Auschwitz escapee “We speak so much of memory because there is little of it left,” said the renowned Pier Nora (1989, p 7). This statement is certainly true in the case of Rudolf Vrba, a remarkable Holocaust hero, one of only five Jews who succeeded in escaping from Auschwitz (Kulka, 1968/1975). Born as Walter Rosenberg in Topolcany, Czechoslovakia, in 1924, Vrba was expelled from the High School of Bratislava at the age of…
The Intelligence of Yakuts and Ethnic Russians in Yakutia
The objective of this paper is to report a study of the intelligence of Yakuts and ethnic Russians in Yakutia. The samples were drawn from Yakutsk, the capital of the Yakutia region containing almost one third of the population of the province, and from Viluysk, a town with the population of approximately 10,600, which is situated 592 km north-west of Yakutsk. The sample from Yakutsk consisted of 52 ethnic Russian and 128 ethnic Yakut school stud…
Psychology (18 works) · Law (15 works) · Political science (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Law (9 works) · Epistemology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Philosophy (7 works) · Moral reasoning (6 works)