Claudia Carello
Biographic Data
| ID | 3075818 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Claudia Carello |
| GIVEN NAMES | Claudia |
| FAMILY NAME | Carello |
| SIGNATURE | CARELLO C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Connecticut |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
What Are Nervous Systems For
An underlying bias of contemporary cognitive science is that the brain and nervous system are in the business of carrying out computations and building representations. Gibson’s ecological approach, in contrast, is decidedly noncomputational and nonrepresentational. How, then, are we to construe the role of brain and nervous system? We consider this question against the backdrop of evidence for rich achievements in perception and action by agents…
Useful Dimensions of Haptic Perception
In addressing the character of the haptic system, James Gibson (1966) noted, “The study of useful sensitivity, as distinguished from theoretically basic sensitivities, is only just beginning” (p. 116). Whereas the preceding 150 years had gotten mired in an inventory of isolated sensations, the ensuing 50 years have revealed a good deal about the capabilities of a perceptual system that detects information about the self, the environment, and self…
Fractal Structure of Event Segmentation
We investigated fractality in the segmentation of cinematic and live events. Four movies from distinct genres were first analyzed and found to be fractal, albeit in different regions of the fractal range. In Experiment 1, viewers parsed the films' events, attending to short or long timescales, using a button box to indicate break points. The temporal structure of film viewing was found to be fractal regardless of the scale of attention and to ref…
The Surprising Nature of the Reaction Time Task
At one level, the scientific enterprise engaged in by Guy Van Orden was about how to analyze reaction time data. At another level it was an attempt to understand the kind of system that one is dealing with in a reaction time (RT) experiment—the system that accords with the instructions that the experimenter gives, produces the responses to the particular class of stimuli that the experimenter presents, at latencies that the experimenter measures …
Do Phonological Constraints on the Spoken Word Affect Visual Lexical Decision
Unnerving Intelligence
A variety of definitions of intelligence have been offered that are not exclusively human-centric. One, in particular, is taken as a starting point: end-directed behavior marked by the making of meaningful distinctions made possible by perception–action cycles. Specific examples of end-directed behavior are examined for evidence of three aspects of the kind of agency embodied in perception–action cycles, namely, prospectivity, retrospectivity, an…
On Intelligence From First Principles
Gibson's (1966, 1979/1986) ecological approach to perception, action, and cognition is patently non-representational and non-computational. In the place of these commonly assumed neural endowments, ecological psychology seeks to expose the laws that underlie intelligent capabilities. It is argued that this is the goal for understanding the directed behavior of not just humans, not just animals, and not just the living. We argue that an approach t…
Is Perceptual Learning Unimodal
Two experiments evaluated change in the perception of an environmental property (object length) in each of 3 perceptual modalities (vision, audition, and haptics) when perceivers were provided with the opportunity to experience the same environmental property by means of an additional perceptual modality (e.g., haptics followed by vision, vision followed by audition, or audition followed by haptics). Experiment 1 found that (a) posttest improveme…
Lessons for Dynamic Touch From a Case of Stroke-Induced Motor Impairment
LW, an individual with a stroke-related motor impairment, was asked to perceive the lengths of rods of different mass distributions by dynamic touch. His impairment dictated that wielding was primarily about the shoulder rather than the wrist. Although perceived rod lengths were in the range of actual rod lengths, scaling to the objects' mass moments was atypical for both the affected and unaffected limbs. A group of healthy young adults asked to…
Symmetry and Duality
(2006). Symmetry and Duality: Principles for an Ecological Psychology, II. Ecological Psychology: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 239-242
Phonological Assimilation and Visual Word Recognition
Introduction
Introduction
Perceiving Affordances by Dynamic Touch
Affordances and Inertial Constraints on Tool Use
Whether an object can be used to satisfy a given tool user’s intention depends on, among other things, the object’s inertial properties. Overcoming an object’s rotational inertia is key in controlling a handheld object with respect to a given intention. Ma-nipulating an object by means of muscular exertion is the domain of dynamic touch. Thus, the affordances of a given object as a tool should be perceivable by means of dy-namic touch. In 3 exper…
Evaluation of Context Effects in Dynamic Touch
Further Evidence of Perceptual Independence (Specificity) in Dynamic Touch
(1999). Further Evidence of Perceptual Independence (Specificity) in Dynamic Touch. Ecological Psychology: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 269-281
Perceiving the Severity of Contacts Between Two Objects
The tau-dot hypothesis states that when tau-dot greater than or equal to -0.5, impact will be soft; when tau-dot < -0.5, impact will be "hard." Four experiments tested the usefulness of tau-dot for observers of collisions between 2 objects (rather than collisions between the observer and an object). Observers watched collisions depicted on a computer as 1 object approaching another. Results conformed to the tau-dot hypothesis and were consistent …
Haptically Perceiving the Length of One Rod by Means of Another
Two experiments examined perception of the extent of a target rod that is contacted and wielded by a second probe rod. The equations that define the dynamics of the probe-target system suggest a higher order moment of inertia as the relevant perceptual variable. The particular inertial term implicates parameters of both the target and probe rod. Experiment 1 manipulated the inertia of the target rod and Experiment 2 manipulated the inertia of the…
A Parallel Between Visual and Haptic Perception of Size at a Distance
In the haptic perception of the size of frontoparallel intervals achieved by probing between two objects with a handheld stick, perceived size decreases with distance, with the rate of decrease greater for greater sizes. Analysis and experimentation have shown that these perceptual results are predicted by a quantity that is invariant over probing and specific to the physical conditions defined by the spatial layout and the probe. In this article…
Effects of Social and Physical Variables on Between-Person Visual Coordination
Between-person visual coordination of rhythmic limb movements was investigated under manipulation of both social and physical variables. Each member of a pair of participants oscillated a hand-held pendulum at the same tempo, with both visually coordinating their movements so as to maintain the alternate phase mode. Participants' social competence was assessed and they were paired to produce three types of combinations: high-high (HH), low-low (L…
Haptic and Visual Perception of an Affordance for Upright Posture
Perception of whether a slanted surface supports upright stance was evaluated visually and haptically. Observers stood approximately 1 m from a 1 m by 1 m plywood board whose angle of inclination varied randomly among seven settings (12, 17, 22, 27, 33, 39, and 45 deg.). For visual trials, observers looked at the surface. For haptic trials, the observers were blindfolded and explored the surface with a hand-held wooden dowel. The perceived behavi…
Perceiving Object Width by Grasping
Ordinarily when an object is grasped between the thumb and finger, the linear extent of the object and finger span covary and match in size. Six experiments examined perceived size by grasping when this contingency was broken. Perceived size was indicated by producing a span with the left hand to match the width of a presented object. Under ordinary circumstances of grasping with the bare fingers, haptically perceived width did not differ from vi…
Phonemic, Associative, and Grammatical Context Effects with Identified and Unidentified Primes
Six experiments are reported that assess priming effects on lexical decision (in Serbo-Croatian) when the context is identifiable (unmasked conditions) and when it is unidentifiable due to forward masking (masked conditions). Word acceptance is slowed by a phone-mically similar context that is not masked but hastened by a phonemically similar context that is masked. Word acceptance is hastened by an associatively related context that is not maske…
Visually Perceiving What is Reachable
Four experiments designed to assess observers' ability to perceive whether or not something is within reach, under a variety of circumstances, are reported. Actual reaching ability is influenced by the posture in which reaching is to be done (e.g., with the arm alone, extending the arm while bending from the hip, and main- taining balance while bending from an upright standing position) and by the surface layout that confronts the reacher (e.g., …
Phonological Assimilation and Visual Word Recognition
Phonemic, Associative, and Grammatical Context Effects with Identified and Unidentified Primes
Six experiments are reported that assess priming effects on lexical decision (in Serbo-Croatian) when the context is identifiable (unmasked conditions) and when it is unidentifiable due to forward masking (masked conditions). Word acceptance is slowed by a phone-mically similar context that is not masked but hastened by a phonemically similar context that is masked. Word acceptance is hastened by an associatively related context that is not maske…
Some Word-Order Effects in Serbo-Croat
In the Serbo-Croatian language, the relative order of subject (S), verb (V), and object (O) is flexible. All six of the permutations of those elements have identical words, meaning, and voice, and all six are grammatically acceptable. Nonetheless, SVO is the dominant form. The psychological reality of this dominance was assessed in three tasks. SVO was associated with the shortest latencies (and SO forms in general were faster than OS forms) when…
Visually Perceiving What is Reachable
Four experiments designed to assess observers' ability to perceive whether or not something is within reach, under a variety of circumstances, are reported. Actual reaching ability is influenced by the posture in which reaching is to be done (e.g., with the arm alone, extending the arm while bending from the hip, and main- taining balance while bending from an upright standing position) and by the surface layout that confronts the reacher (e.g., …
Perceiving Object Width by Grasping
Ordinarily when an object is grasped between the thumb and finger, the linear extent of the object and finger span covary and match in size. Six experiments examined perceived size by grasping when this contingency was broken. Perceived size was indicated by producing a span with the left hand to match the width of a presented object. Under ordinary circumstances of grasping with the bare fingers, haptically perceived width did not differ from vi…
Phonemic, Associative, and Grammatical Context Effects with Identified and Unidentified Primes
Six experiments are reported that assess priming effects on lexical decision (in Serbo-Croatian) when the context is identifiable (unmasked conditions) and when it is unidentifiable due to forward masking (masked conditions). Word acceptance is slowed by a phone-mically similar context that is not masked but hastened by a phonemically similar context that is masked. Word acceptance is hastened by an associatively related context that is not maske…
Effects of Social and Physical Variables on Between-Person Visual Coordination
Between-person visual coordination of rhythmic limb movements was investigated under manipulation of both social and physical variables. Each member of a pair of participants oscillated a hand-held pendulum at the same tempo, with both visually coordinating their movements so as to maintain the alternate phase mode. Participants' social competence was assessed and they were paired to produce three types of combinations: high-high (HH), low-low (L…
Haptic and Visual Perception of an Affordance for Upright Posture
Perception of whether a slanted surface supports upright stance was evaluated visually and haptically. Observers stood approximately 1 m from a 1 m by 1 m plywood board whose angle of inclination varied randomly among seven settings (12, 17, 22, 27, 33, 39, and 45 deg.). For visual trials, observers looked at the surface. For haptic trials, the observers were blindfolded and explored the surface with a hand-held wooden dowel. The perceived behavi…
Haptically Perceiving the Length of One Rod by Means of Another
Two experiments examined perception of the extent of a target rod that is contacted and wielded by a second probe rod. The equations that define the dynamics of the probe-target system suggest a higher order moment of inertia as the relevant perceptual variable. The particular inertial term implicates parameters of both the target and probe rod. Experiment 1 manipulated the inertia of the target rod and Experiment 2 manipulated the inertia of the…
A Parallel Between Visual and Haptic Perception of Size at a Distance
In the haptic perception of the size of frontoparallel intervals achieved by probing between two objects with a handheld stick, perceived size decreases with distance, with the rate of decrease greater for greater sizes. Analysis and experimentation have shown that these perceptual results are predicted by a quantity that is invariant over probing and specific to the physical conditions defined by the spatial layout and the probe. In this article…
Perceiving the Severity of Contacts Between Two Objects
The tau-dot hypothesis states that when tau-dot greater than or equal to -0.5, impact will be soft; when tau-dot < -0.5, impact will be "hard." Four experiments tested the usefulness of tau-dot for observers of collisions between 2 objects (rather than collisions between the observer and an object). Observers watched collisions depicted on a computer as 1 object approaching another. Results conformed to the tau-dot hypothesis and were consistent …
Evaluation of Context Effects in Dynamic Touch
Further Evidence of Perceptual Independence (Specificity) in Dynamic Touch
(1999). Further Evidence of Perceptual Independence (Specificity) in Dynamic Touch. Ecological Psychology: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 269-281
Affordances and Inertial Constraints on Tool Use
Whether an object can be used to satisfy a given tool user’s intention depends on, among other things, the object’s inertial properties. Overcoming an object’s rotational inertia is key in controlling a handheld object with respect to a given intention. Ma-nipulating an object by means of muscular exertion is the domain of dynamic touch. Thus, the affordances of a given object as a tool should be perceivable by means of dy-namic touch. In 3 exper…
Perceiving Affordances by Dynamic Touch
Introduction
Introduction
Symmetry and Duality
(2006). Symmetry and Duality: Principles for an Ecological Psychology, II. Ecological Psychology: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 239-242
Phonological Assimilation and Visual Word Recognition
Is Perceptual Learning Unimodal
Two experiments evaluated change in the perception of an environmental property (object length) in each of 3 perceptual modalities (vision, audition, and haptics) when perceivers were provided with the opportunity to experience the same environmental property by means of an additional perceptual modality (e.g., haptics followed by vision, vision followed by audition, or audition followed by haptics). Experiment 1 found that (a) posttest improveme…
Lessons for Dynamic Touch From a Case of Stroke-Induced Motor Impairment
LW, an individual with a stroke-related motor impairment, was asked to perceive the lengths of rods of different mass distributions by dynamic touch. His impairment dictated that wielding was primarily about the shoulder rather than the wrist. Although perceived rod lengths were in the range of actual rod lengths, scaling to the objects' mass moments was atypical for both the affected and unaffected limbs. A group of healthy young adults asked to…
Unnerving Intelligence
A variety of definitions of intelligence have been offered that are not exclusively human-centric. One, in particular, is taken as a starting point: end-directed behavior marked by the making of meaningful distinctions made possible by perception–action cycles. Specific examples of end-directed behavior are examined for evidence of three aspects of the kind of agency embodied in perception–action cycles, namely, prospectivity, retrospectivity, an…
On Intelligence From First Principles
Gibson's (1966, 1979/1986) ecological approach to perception, action, and cognition is patently non-representational and non-computational. In the place of these commonly assumed neural endowments, ecological psychology seeks to expose the laws that underlie intelligent capabilities. It is argued that this is the goal for understanding the directed behavior of not just humans, not just animals, and not just the living. We argue that an approach t…
Fractal Structure of Event Segmentation
We investigated fractality in the segmentation of cinematic and live events. Four movies from distinct genres were first analyzed and found to be fractal, albeit in different regions of the fractal range. In Experiment 1, viewers parsed the films' events, attending to short or long timescales, using a button box to indicate break points. The temporal structure of film viewing was found to be fractal regardless of the scale of attention and to ref…
The Surprising Nature of the Reaction Time Task
At one level, the scientific enterprise engaged in by Guy Van Orden was about how to analyze reaction time data. At another level it was an attempt to understand the kind of system that one is dealing with in a reaction time (RT) experiment—the system that accords with the instructions that the experimenter gives, produces the responses to the particular class of stimuli that the experimenter presents, at latencies that the experimenter measures …
Do Phonological Constraints on the Spoken Word Affect Visual Lexical Decision
Useful Dimensions of Haptic Perception
In addressing the character of the haptic system, James Gibson (1966) noted, “The study of useful sensitivity, as distinguished from theoretically basic sensitivities, is only just beginning” (p. 116). Whereas the preceding 150 years had gotten mired in an inventory of isolated sensations, the ensuing 50 years have revealed a good deal about the capabilities of a perceptual system that detects information about the self, the environment, and self…
Psychology (24 works) · Computer Science (21 works) · Cognitive psychology (16 works) · Artificial Intelligence (15 works) · Mathematics (15 works) · Perception (10 works) · Physics (10 works) · Tactile and Sensory Interactions (10 works) · Visual perception and processing mechanisms (10 works) · Neuroscience (9 works)