Antonio Calcara
Biographic Data
| ID | 3086548 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Antonio Calcara |
| GIVEN NAMES | Antonio |
| FAMILY NAME | Calcara |
| SIGNATURE | CALCARA A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8636-6465 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 71 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Unpacking the target state response to wedging and binding strategies
European cloud computing policy
Technological underpinnings of European autonomy and US-China competition
Face to face
France and Germany agree on the need to further European defence-industrial cooperation, but boast radically different preferences on how to structure such cooperation. Why? To answer this question, we introduce the distinction between the two faces of market size – the first exclusively related to defence, the second including the broader commercial-industrial base. Since Germany is, overall, more competitive than France in the commercial sector…
Balancing security and economics
In an era of intense geopolitical competition, concerns about the impact of foreign investments in strategic sectors of the European economy have led policymakers to review European investment screening mechanisms (ISMs). In doing so, European institutions and member states have to find a balance between security and economics, maintaining a favorable environment for potential investors while simultaneously protecting specific sectors that they d…
Varieties of Anti‐Globalism
In 2017, Italy, France, and Germany jointly supported the setting up of an EU-wide investment screening mechanism to strengthen the EU’s capacity to screen and eventually block foreign investments. In a few months, however, the Italian government changed position dramatically, shifting from leading supporter to staunchest opposer of this pol-icy initiative. Such a change of positioning was decisive in both watering down the initial proposal and m…
Short-term readiness, long-term innovation
The war in Ukraine, coupled with a more turbulent international system characterized by geopolitical competition between the United States and China, is leading to a simultaneous change in the demand and supply side of the European defence market. On the demand side, European countries are adapting their procurement plans to move from a crisis management phase dominated by asymmetric warfare against small states or non-state actors to an era of s…
Governments and Markets in the Digital Age
The academic literature has revamped its interest in economic statecraft, geoeconomics, geopoliticization of trade and technology sectors, and in the role of value chains as vectors for exerting control over critical technologies. However, there has been less reflection on state-market relations in the production of technological innovation and on the evolution of government business relations. Four recent books address these two important issues…
Drones and Offensive Advantage
From quiet to noisy politics
5G networks are at the center of geopolitical competition. The United States has denounced market leader Huawei's ability to break into allies' sensitive networks and it has tried to convince Europeans to ban the Chinese group from their 5G markets. How are European governments and industries reacting to 5G politicization? This article argues that government‐industry interactions in the handling of politically salient issues are mediated by the c…
Why Drones Have Not Revolutionized War
According to the accepted wisdom in security studies, unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, have revolutionizing effects on war and world politics. Drones allegedly tilt the military balance in favor of the offense, reduce existing asymmetries in military power between major and minor actors, and eliminate close combat from modern battlefields. A new theory about the hider-finder competition between air penetration and air defense shows…
Will the Drone Always Get Through? Offensive Myths and Defensive Realities
Do emerging and disruptive technologies yield an offensive advantage? This is a question of central theoretical and substantive relevance. For the most part, however, the literature on this topic has not investigated empirically whether such technologies make attacking easier than defending, but it has largely assumed that they do. At the same time, work on the offense–defense balance has primarily focused on land conflicts, thus offering little …
Contractors or robots? Future warfare between privatization and automation
Contemporary warfare is increasingly shaped by the complex relationship between the privatization of security and technologically driven automation. On the one hand, there is a growing tendency to employ private military and security companies for a range of military support tasks. On the other hand, the growing automation of security technologies is bound to make war less manpower intensive. Combat systems will have much more autonomy and humans…
Market Size and the Political Economy of European Defense
There is an intense debate in international relations scholarship on whether the benefits accrued by arms production globalization outweigh the risks of depending on foreign suppliers. Europe is an interesting case: although regional protection could help Europeans mitigate exposure to global actors, the prospect of regional integration generates concerns about autonomy within Europe itself. We depict European defense cooperation as a “two-level …
European Defence Decision-Making
Emerging Security Technologies and EU Governance
This book examines the European governance of emerging security technologies.The emergence of technologies such as drones, autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, cyber and biotechnologies has stimulated worldwide debates on their use, risks and benefits in both the civilian and the security-related fields. This volume examines the concept of ‘governance’ as an analytical framework and tool to investigate how new and emerging security techn…
European Defence Decision-Making
Emerging Security Technologies and EU Governance
Italians do it better? The Italian approach to the international relations
International relations (IR) as a discipline have had a troubled history in Italy. Indeed, the previous academic literature on the topic has highlighted how the lack of critical mass and influence of Italian IR scholarship have negatively impacted its visibility at the international level (Lucarelli and Menotti in Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 32(1):32–82, 2002; Friedrichs in European approaches to international relations theory: a house w…
Cooperation and non cooperation in European defence procurement
The increasing cost of weapons, decreasing defence budgets and globalization of armaments supply-chain have made defence-industrial cooperation a priority in the European context. However, despite strong systemic incentives, European cooperation in defence-industrial activities remains very discontinuous. Why do European countries decide to cooperate with their partners in some instances and refrain from acting cooperatively in others? The presen…
Making sense of European armaments policies
The European defense-industrial panorama is rapidly changing. Among all the initiatives conducted, the European Defense Fund (EDF) and the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PeSCo) in defense can be easily considered as proof of a revived interest in defense-industrial cooperation. Given this European activism, it is not surprising that the academic literature has focused on the main actors and the main strategic and economic drivers that have spu…
Cooperation and conflict in the European defence-industrial field
Defence-industrial collaborative activities have gained a central stage in the current European debate, based on the simultaneous presence of two systemic pressures (unipolarity and “defence-industrial globalization”) that are pushing EU member states towards more cooperation in these issues. Nevertheless, the European defence-industrial panorama still continues to be characterized by both cooperation and conflict. Protectionism, oligopolistic ma…
Critical Methods in Political and Cultural Economy
Critical Methods in Political and Cultural Economy." Review of Political Economy, 30(2), pp. 266–267
Brexit
Although the long-term implications of Brexit are difficult to predict, it is possible to envision potential and likely scenarios in various areas. This article focuses specifically on Brexit’s effects on European armaments cooperation. With the intention to stimulate academic and political debate, this analysis takes an alternative path from the widespread pessimistic perspectives about post-Brexit EU-UK relations. In contrast, it offers a scena…
Italy’s defence policy in the European context
The creation of the European Defence Agency (EDA) in 2004 represented an important step towards more cooperation in the European defence industry. Notwithstanding the Agency’s potential for redefining relations between domestic and European defence industries, few analysts have systematically examined the EU member states’ preferences towards the EDA. This article – focusing on two theoretical approaches to uncovering the contradictory nature of …
From quiet to noisy politics
5G networks are at the center of geopolitical competition. The United States has denounced market leader Huawei's ability to break into allies' sensitive networks and it has tried to convince Europeans to ban the Chinese group from their 5G markets. How are European governments and industries reacting to 5G politicization? This article argues that government‐industry interactions in the handling of politically salient issues are mediated by the c…
Cooperation and non cooperation in European defence procurement
The increasing cost of weapons, decreasing defence budgets and globalization of armaments supply-chain have made defence-industrial cooperation a priority in the European context. However, despite strong systemic incentives, European cooperation in defence-industrial activities remains very discontinuous. Why do European countries decide to cooperate with their partners in some instances and refrain from acting cooperatively in others? The presen…
Why Drones Have Not Revolutionized War
According to the accepted wisdom in security studies, unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, have revolutionizing effects on war and world politics. Drones allegedly tilt the military balance in favor of the offense, reduce existing asymmetries in military power between major and minor actors, and eliminate close combat from modern battlefields. A new theory about the hider-finder competition between air penetration and air defense shows…
Technological underpinnings of European autonomy and US-China competition
Market Size and the Political Economy of European Defense
There is an intense debate in international relations scholarship on whether the benefits accrued by arms production globalization outweigh the risks of depending on foreign suppliers. Europe is an interesting case: although regional protection could help Europeans mitigate exposure to global actors, the prospect of regional integration generates concerns about autonomy within Europe itself. We depict European defense cooperation as a “two-level …
Face to face
France and Germany agree on the need to further European defence-industrial cooperation, but boast radically different preferences on how to structure such cooperation. Why? To answer this question, we introduce the distinction between the two faces of market size – the first exclusively related to defence, the second including the broader commercial-industrial base. Since Germany is, overall, more competitive than France in the commercial sector…
Cooperation and conflict in the European defence-industrial field
Defence-industrial collaborative activities have gained a central stage in the current European debate, based on the simultaneous presence of two systemic pressures (unipolarity and “defence-industrial globalization”) that are pushing EU member states towards more cooperation in these issues. Nevertheless, the European defence-industrial panorama still continues to be characterized by both cooperation and conflict. Protectionism, oligopolistic ma…
European cloud computing policy
Balancing security and economics
In an era of intense geopolitical competition, concerns about the impact of foreign investments in strategic sectors of the European economy have led policymakers to review European investment screening mechanisms (ISMs). In doing so, European institutions and member states have to find a balance between security and economics, maintaining a favorable environment for potential investors while simultaneously protecting specific sectors that they d…
Varieties of Anti‐Globalism
In 2017, Italy, France, and Germany jointly supported the setting up of an EU-wide investment screening mechanism to strengthen the EU’s capacity to screen and eventually block foreign investments. In a few months, however, the Italian government changed position dramatically, shifting from leading supporter to staunchest opposer of this pol-icy initiative. Such a change of positioning was decisive in both watering down the initial proposal and m…
Will the Drone Always Get Through? Offensive Myths and Defensive Realities
Do emerging and disruptive technologies yield an offensive advantage? This is a question of central theoretical and substantive relevance. For the most part, however, the literature on this topic has not investigated empirically whether such technologies make attacking easier than defending, but it has largely assumed that they do. At the same time, work on the offense–defense balance has primarily focused on land conflicts, thus offering little …
Contractors or robots? Future warfare between privatization and automation
Contemporary warfare is increasingly shaped by the complex relationship between the privatization of security and technologically driven automation. On the one hand, there is a growing tendency to employ private military and security companies for a range of military support tasks. On the other hand, the growing automation of security technologies is bound to make war less manpower intensive. Combat systems will have much more autonomy and humans…
Making sense of European armaments policies
The European defense-industrial panorama is rapidly changing. Among all the initiatives conducted, the European Defense Fund (EDF) and the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PeSCo) in defense can be easily considered as proof of a revived interest in defense-industrial cooperation. Given this European activism, it is not surprising that the academic literature has focused on the main actors and the main strategic and economic drivers that have spu…
Short-term readiness, long-term innovation
The war in Ukraine, coupled with a more turbulent international system characterized by geopolitical competition between the United States and China, is leading to a simultaneous change in the demand and supply side of the European defence market. On the demand side, European countries are adapting their procurement plans to move from a crisis management phase dominated by asymmetric warfare against small states or non-state actors to an era of s…
Governments and Markets in the Digital Age
The academic literature has revamped its interest in economic statecraft, geoeconomics, geopoliticization of trade and technology sectors, and in the role of value chains as vectors for exerting control over critical technologies. However, there has been less reflection on state-market relations in the production of technological innovation and on the evolution of government business relations. Four recent books address these two important issues…
Critical Methods in Political and Cultural Economy
Critical Methods in Political and Cultural Economy." Review of Political Economy, 30(2), pp. 266–267
Italy’s defence policy in the European context
The creation of the European Defence Agency (EDA) in 2004 represented an important step towards more cooperation in the European defence industry. Notwithstanding the Agency’s potential for redefining relations between domestic and European defence industries, few analysts have systematically examined the EU member states’ preferences towards the EDA. This article – focusing on two theoretical approaches to uncovering the contradictory nature of …
Transnational cooperation
“Transnational Cooperation: An Issue-Based Approach” – written by Clint Peinhardt (Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas) and Todd Sandler (Professor of Economics at the Univers
Brexit
Although the long-term implications of Brexit are difficult to predict, it is possible to envision potential and likely scenarios in various areas. This article focuses specifically on Brexit’s effects on European armaments cooperation. With the intention to stimulate academic and political debate, this analysis takes an alternative path from the widespread pessimistic perspectives about post-Brexit EU-UK relations. In contrast, it offers a scena…
Italy’s defence policy in the European context
The creation of the European Defence Agency (EDA) in 2004 represented an important step towards more cooperation in the European defence industry. Notwithstanding the Agency’s potential for redefining relations between domestic and European defence industries, few analysts have systematically examined the EU member states’ preferences towards the EDA. This article – focusing on two theoretical approaches to uncovering the contradictory nature of …
Cooperation and conflict in the European defence-industrial field
Defence-industrial collaborative activities have gained a central stage in the current European debate, based on the simultaneous presence of two systemic pressures (unipolarity and “defence-industrial globalization”) that are pushing EU member states towards more cooperation in these issues. Nevertheless, the European defence-industrial panorama still continues to be characterized by both cooperation and conflict. Protectionism, oligopolistic ma…
Critical Methods in Political and Cultural Economy
Critical Methods in Political and Cultural Economy." Review of Political Economy, 30(2), pp. 266–267
Italians do it better? The Italian approach to the international relations
International relations (IR) as a discipline have had a troubled history in Italy. Indeed, the previous academic literature on the topic has highlighted how the lack of critical mass and influence of Italian IR scholarship have negatively impacted its visibility at the international level (Lucarelli and Menotti in Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 32(1):32–82, 2002; Friedrichs in European approaches to international relations theory: a house w…
Cooperation and non cooperation in European defence procurement
The increasing cost of weapons, decreasing defence budgets and globalization of armaments supply-chain have made defence-industrial cooperation a priority in the European context. However, despite strong systemic incentives, European cooperation in defence-industrial activities remains very discontinuous. Why do European countries decide to cooperate with their partners in some instances and refrain from acting cooperatively in others? The presen…
Making sense of European armaments policies
The European defense-industrial panorama is rapidly changing. Among all the initiatives conducted, the European Defense Fund (EDF) and the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PeSCo) in defense can be easily considered as proof of a revived interest in defense-industrial cooperation. Given this European activism, it is not surprising that the academic literature has focused on the main actors and the main strategic and economic drivers that have spu…
European Defence Decision-Making
Emerging Security Technologies and EU Governance
This book examines the European governance of emerging security technologies.The emergence of technologies such as drones, autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, cyber and biotechnologies has stimulated worldwide debates on their use, risks and benefits in both the civilian and the security-related fields. This volume examines the concept of ‘governance’ as an analytical framework and tool to investigate how new and emerging security techn…
European Defence Decision-Making
Emerging Security Technologies and EU Governance
Market Size and the Political Economy of European Defense
There is an intense debate in international relations scholarship on whether the benefits accrued by arms production globalization outweigh the risks of depending on foreign suppliers. Europe is an interesting case: although regional protection could help Europeans mitigate exposure to global actors, the prospect of regional integration generates concerns about autonomy within Europe itself. We depict European defense cooperation as a “two-level …
Why Drones Have Not Revolutionized War
According to the accepted wisdom in security studies, unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, have revolutionizing effects on war and world politics. Drones allegedly tilt the military balance in favor of the offense, reduce existing asymmetries in military power between major and minor actors, and eliminate close combat from modern battlefields. A new theory about the hider-finder competition between air penetration and air defense shows…
Will the Drone Always Get Through? Offensive Myths and Defensive Realities
Do emerging and disruptive technologies yield an offensive advantage? This is a question of central theoretical and substantive relevance. For the most part, however, the literature on this topic has not investigated empirically whether such technologies make attacking easier than defending, but it has largely assumed that they do. At the same time, work on the offense–defense balance has primarily focused on land conflicts, thus offering little …
Contractors or robots? Future warfare between privatization and automation
Contemporary warfare is increasingly shaped by the complex relationship between the privatization of security and technologically driven automation. On the one hand, there is a growing tendency to employ private military and security companies for a range of military support tasks. On the other hand, the growing automation of security technologies is bound to make war less manpower intensive. Combat systems will have much more autonomy and humans…
Varieties of Anti‐Globalism
In 2017, Italy, France, and Germany jointly supported the setting up of an EU-wide investment screening mechanism to strengthen the EU’s capacity to screen and eventually block foreign investments. In a few months, however, the Italian government changed position dramatically, shifting from leading supporter to staunchest opposer of this pol-icy initiative. Such a change of positioning was decisive in both watering down the initial proposal and m…
Short-term readiness, long-term innovation
The war in Ukraine, coupled with a more turbulent international system characterized by geopolitical competition between the United States and China, is leading to a simultaneous change in the demand and supply side of the European defence market. On the demand side, European countries are adapting their procurement plans to move from a crisis management phase dominated by asymmetric warfare against small states or non-state actors to an era of s…
Governments and Markets in the Digital Age
The academic literature has revamped its interest in economic statecraft, geoeconomics, geopoliticization of trade and technology sectors, and in the role of value chains as vectors for exerting control over critical technologies. However, there has been less reflection on state-market relations in the production of technological innovation and on the evolution of government business relations. Four recent books address these two important issues…
Drones and Offensive Advantage
From quiet to noisy politics
5G networks are at the center of geopolitical competition. The United States has denounced market leader Huawei's ability to break into allies' sensitive networks and it has tried to convince Europeans to ban the Chinese group from their 5G markets. How are European governments and industries reacting to 5G politicization? This article argues that government‐industry interactions in the handling of politically salient issues are mediated by the c…
Face to face
France and Germany agree on the need to further European defence-industrial cooperation, but boast radically different preferences on how to structure such cooperation. Why? To answer this question, we introduce the distinction between the two faces of market size – the first exclusively related to defence, the second including the broader commercial-industrial base. Since Germany is, overall, more competitive than France in the commercial sector…
Balancing security and economics
In an era of intense geopolitical competition, concerns about the impact of foreign investments in strategic sectors of the European economy have led policymakers to review European investment screening mechanisms (ISMs). In doing so, European institutions and member states have to find a balance between security and economics, maintaining a favorable environment for potential investors while simultaneously protecting specific sectors that they d…
Unpacking the target state response to wedging and binding strategies
European cloud computing policy
Political science (20 works) · Economics (14 works) · Law (12 works) · Politics (12 works) · Political economy (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Business (9 works) · International trade (9 works) · Defense, Military, and Policy Studies (8 works) · Sociology (8 works)