Robin S Engel
Biographic Data
| ID | 3092858 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robin S Engel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robin S |
| FAMILY NAME | Engel |
| SIGNATURE | ENGEL R S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cincinnati |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6810-2685 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 192 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Examining the Impact of Permitless Firearm Legislation and Covid-19 on Crime and Arrests in Three Urban Cities
While the number of state legislative changes to relaxed concealed firearm carrying laws continues to increase, research examining the impact of these laws on changes in criminal behavior, particularly in urban contexts, has not kept pace. To enhance our understanding of the potential impact of permitless carry legislative changes, we examined the temporal association between legislative changes and changes in illegal and dangerous behavior most …
Implicit bias training for police: Evaluating impacts on enforcement disparities
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the behavioral impacts of training police officers in implicit bias awareness and management. HYPOTHESES: Training police in implicit bias reduces racial and ethnic disparities in stops, arrests, summonses, frisks, searches, and/or use of force. METHOD: A cluster randomized controlled trial using the stepped wedge design was applied to 14,471 officers in the New York City Police Department, wit…
Assessing the impact of de‐escalation training on police behavior: Reducing police use of force in the Louisville, KY Metro Police Department
Research summary Changing police use of force policies and training to incorporate de‐escalation tactics is one of the most routinely recommended police reform measures. Despite widespread promotion and proliferation of de‐escalation trainings, to date, no research has empirically demonstrated that these trainings reduce use of force in the field (Engel, R. S., McManus, H. D., & Herold, T. D., 2020). Therefore, it is unknown if de‐escalation trai…
Chapter 12. Citizens’ Demeanor, Race, and Traffic Stops
This chapter explores the post-stop arrest decision in traffic stops conducted by Cleveland police officers to determine why racial disparities might exist. The study pays close attention to citizen demeanor by examining more than forty-two thousand traffic stops by Cleveland police; as part of their study, officers were also asked to rate citizen demeanor on a scale with values ranging from civil to physically resistant. Multivariate analysis sh…
Community-Based Crime Reduction in Tulsa: An Application of Petersilia’s Multi-Stakeholder Collaborative Approach to Improve Policy Relevance and Reduce Crime Risk
The most fitting way to celebrate Joan Petersilia’s numerous advancements within the field of criminal justice is to deliberately practice the two most important lessons that perhaps best define her legacy. First, embedded research should drive collaborative partnerships to foster real-world change based on science. Second, such real-world change should reduce the consequences of crime as well as the social costs of heavy-handed criminal justice …
Does de‐escalation training work: A systematic review and call for evidence in police use‐of‐force reform
Research Summary De‐escalation training has been widely implemented by U.S. police agencies in the wake of adverse public reaction to recent controversial police use‐of‐force incidents. Despite vast promotion from politicians, academics, expert panels, and the public, we know little about the effects of de‐escalation training on officers and police–citizen interactions. In this article, we offer findings from a multidisciplinary systematic litera…
"Moving beyond "Best Practice: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings
In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are no…
Focused Deterrence Strategies Save Lives: Introduction and Discussion of an Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
The Impact of Police on Criminal Justice Reform: Evidence from Cincinnati, Ohio
Research Summary Despite significant national reductions in crime during the past three decades, a comparable reduction in adult arrest rates has not occurred. In addition, scant attention has been paid to the role of the police in pretrial justice and other criminal justice reform efforts, despite their role as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. A key inquiry that must be addressed by both academics and practitioners is whether it is po…
Police Encounters with People with Mental Illness: Use of Force, Injuries, and Perceptions of Dangerousness
Most Challenging of Contexts: Assessing the Impact of Focused Deterrence on Serious Violence in New Orleans
Research Summary The use of focused deterrence to reduce lethal violence driven by gangs and groups of chronic offenders has continued to expand since the initial Boston Ceasefire intervention in the 1990s, where prior evaluations have shown relatively consistent promise in terms of violence reduction. This study focuses on the capacity of focused deterrence to impact lethal violence in a chronic and high‐trajectory homicide setting: New Orleans,…
Racial Profiling
Overview of: “Race, Place, and Drug Enforcement: Reconsidering the Impact of Citizen Complaints and Crime Rates on Drug Arrests”
Research Summary Influential research has reported racial disparities in drug arrests in Seattle, Washington, that could not be explained by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Based on new data, measures, and methods, we reexamine racial disparities in drug arrests in Seattle and find contradictory evidence. Our analysis, using drug‐related calls for service (CFS) as a benchmark, indicates that African Americans and…
Race, Place, and Drug Enforcement: Reconsidering the Impact of Citizen Complaints and Crime Rates on Drug Arrests
Racial differences in speeding patterns: Exploring the differential offending hypothesis
Not by accident: An analytical approach to traffic crash harm reduction
Police–academic partnerships: Ending the dialogue of the deaf, the Cincinnati experience
In 1978, John Van Maanen published a provocative essay titled ‘The Asshole,’ which sought to better describe officers’ perceptions and typifications of individuals encountered during the course of
Perceptual distortion and reasonableness during police shootings: Law, legitimacy, and future research
Revisiting Critical Issues in Police Use‐of‐force Research
The intersection of racial profiling research and the law
Toward a better understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in search and seizure rates
Citizens' Perceptions of Distributive and Procedural Injustice During Traffic Stops with Police
This article examines the hypothesis that citizens' perceptions of injustice are based on normative factors (i.e., perceptions of equity and fairness) rather than instrumental factors (i.e., the outcomes received) by examining citizens'perceptions of injustice after traffic stops by police. The factors that predict citizens'perceptions of injustice are assessed using data collected for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)–sponsored Police-Publi…
Examining the influence of drivers' characteristics during traffic stops with police: Results from a national survey
The factors that influence officer decision making after a traffic stop is initiated are examined using the Police-Public Contact Survey data collected in 1999. This investigation of police behavior is framed with an understanding of the organizational roots of racial profiling tactics and policies. The findings show that young black and Hispanic males are at increased risk for citations, searches, arrests, and uses of force after other extralega…
Explaining suspects' resistance and disrespect toward police
Police Officers' Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences: An Analysis of Problem Solving
This paper examines the influence of officers' and supervisors' attitudes and priorities toward community policing and problem solving over the time officers spend conducting problem‐solving activities. Analyzing data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a multi‐method study of police patrol in two police departments, results show that officers' perceptions of their supervisors' priorities for problem solving affect the amount of …
Police Officers' Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences: An Analysis of Problem Solving
This paper examines the influence of officers' and supervisors' attitudes and priorities toward community policing and problem solving over the time officers spend conducting problem‐solving activities. Analyzing data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a multi‐method study of police patrol in two police departments, results show that officers' perceptions of their supervisors' priorities for problem solving affect the amount of …
Policing Mentally Disordered Suspects: A Reexamination of the Criminalization Hypothesis
The criminalization hypothesis is based on the assumption that police inappropriately use arrest to resolve encounters with mentally disordered suspects. The current study uses data collected from two large‐scale, multisite field studies of police behavior‐the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) conducted in 1996–1997 and the Police Services Study (PSS) conducted in 1977‐to examine the relationship between suspect mental health and use of ar…
Race, Place, and Drug Enforcement: Reconsidering the Impact of Citizen Complaints and Crime Rates on Drug Arrests
Does de‐escalation training work: A systematic review and call for evidence in police use‐of‐force reform
Research Summary De‐escalation training has been widely implemented by U.S. police agencies in the wake of adverse public reaction to recent controversial police use‐of‐force incidents. Despite vast promotion from politicians, academics, expert panels, and the public, we know little about the effects of de‐escalation training on officers and police–citizen interactions. In this article, we offer findings from a multidisciplinary systematic litera…
Explaining suspects' resistance and disrespect toward police
"Moving beyond "Best Practice: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings
In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are no…
Most Challenging of Contexts: Assessing the Impact of Focused Deterrence on Serious Violence in New Orleans
Research Summary The use of focused deterrence to reduce lethal violence driven by gangs and groups of chronic offenders has continued to expand since the initial Boston Ceasefire intervention in the 1990s, where prior evaluations have shown relatively consistent promise in terms of violence reduction. This study focuses on the capacity of focused deterrence to impact lethal violence in a chronic and high‐trajectory homicide setting: New Orleans,…
Toward a better understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in search and seizure rates
Racial differences in speeding patterns: Exploring the differential offending hypothesis
Supervisory styles of patrol sergeants and lieutenants
The Impact of Police on Criminal Justice Reform: Evidence from Cincinnati, Ohio
Research Summary Despite significant national reductions in crime during the past three decades, a comparable reduction in adult arrest rates has not occurred. In addition, scant attention has been paid to the role of the police in pretrial justice and other criminal justice reform efforts, despite their role as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. A key inquiry that must be addressed by both academics and practitioners is whether it is po…
Assessing the impact of de‐escalation training on police behavior: Reducing police use of force in the Louisville, KY Metro Police Department
Research summary Changing police use of force policies and training to incorporate de‐escalation tactics is one of the most routinely recommended police reform measures. Despite widespread promotion and proliferation of de‐escalation trainings, to date, no research has empirically demonstrated that these trainings reduce use of force in the field (Engel, R. S., McManus, H. D., & Herold, T. D., 2020). Therefore, it is unknown if de‐escalation trai…
The intersection of racial profiling research and the law
Patrol officer supervision in the community policing era
Police Encounters with People with Mental Illness: Use of Force, Injuries, and Perceptions of Dangerousness
Focused Deterrence Strategies Save Lives: Introduction and Discussion of an Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Perceptual distortion and reasonableness during police shootings: Law, legitimacy, and future research
Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis: The interaction effects of suspects' characteristics and demeanor on police behavior
Recent research has reexamined the hypothesis that suspects' demeanor affects police behavior. Reanalyses have supported this demeanor hypothesis, but none have considered the possible interaction effect of demeanor with other extralegal variables. Utilizing systematic observational data collected in 24 police departments in three metropolitan areas, this research examines whether demeanor and suspects' characteristics interact, and ultimately pr…
Supervisory styles of patrol sergeants and lieutenants
Policing Mentally Disordered Suspects: A Reexamination of the Criminalization Hypothesis
The criminalization hypothesis is based on the assumption that police inappropriately use arrest to resolve encounters with mentally disordered suspects. The current study uses data collected from two large‐scale, multisite field studies of police behavior‐the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) conducted in 1996–1997 and the Police Services Study (PSS) conducted in 1977‐to examine the relationship between suspect mental health and use of ar…
Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research
The volatile political environment that surrounds the issue of “racial profiling” has led local and state police agencies across the nation to start collecting information about traffic and pedestrian stops. The controversy over this issue is overwhelmed by the unsupported assumption that all race-based decision making by police officers is motivated by individual police officers' racial prejudice. This article reviews recently published studies …
Patrol officer supervision in the community policing era
Explaining suspects' resistance and disrespect toward police
Police Officers' Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences: An Analysis of Problem Solving
This paper examines the influence of officers' and supervisors' attitudes and priorities toward community policing and problem solving over the time officers spend conducting problem‐solving activities. Analyzing data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a multi‐method study of police patrol in two police departments, results show that officers' perceptions of their supervisors' priorities for problem solving affect the amount of …
Examining the influence of drivers' characteristics during traffic stops with police: Results from a national survey
The factors that influence officer decision making after a traffic stop is initiated are examined using the Police-Public Contact Survey data collected in 1999. This investigation of police behavior is framed with an understanding of the organizational roots of racial profiling tactics and policies. The findings show that young black and Hispanic males are at increased risk for citations, searches, arrests, and uses of force after other extralega…
Citizens' Perceptions of Distributive and Procedural Injustice During Traffic Stops with Police
This article examines the hypothesis that citizens' perceptions of injustice are based on normative factors (i.e., perceptions of equity and fairness) rather than instrumental factors (i.e., the outcomes received) by examining citizens'perceptions of injustice after traffic stops by police. The factors that predict citizens'perceptions of injustice are assessed using data collected for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)–sponsored Police-Publi…
Toward a better understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in search and seizure rates
Revisiting Critical Issues in Police Use‐of‐force Research
The intersection of racial profiling research and the law
Perceptual distortion and reasonableness during police shootings: Law, legitimacy, and future research
Police–academic partnerships: Ending the dialogue of the deaf, the Cincinnati experience
In 1978, John Van Maanen published a provocative essay titled ‘The Asshole,’ which sought to better describe officers’ perceptions and typifications of individuals encountered during the course of
Overview of: “Race, Place, and Drug Enforcement: Reconsidering the Impact of Citizen Complaints and Crime Rates on Drug Arrests”
Research Summary Influential research has reported racial disparities in drug arrests in Seattle, Washington, that could not be explained by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Based on new data, measures, and methods, we reexamine racial disparities in drug arrests in Seattle and find contradictory evidence. Our analysis, using drug‐related calls for service (CFS) as a benchmark, indicates that African Americans and…
Race, Place, and Drug Enforcement: Reconsidering the Impact of Citizen Complaints and Crime Rates on Drug Arrests
Racial differences in speeding patterns: Exploring the differential offending hypothesis
Not by accident: An analytical approach to traffic crash harm reduction
Racial Profiling
Police Encounters with People with Mental Illness: Use of Force, Injuries, and Perceptions of Dangerousness
Most Challenging of Contexts: Assessing the Impact of Focused Deterrence on Serious Violence in New Orleans
Research Summary The use of focused deterrence to reduce lethal violence driven by gangs and groups of chronic offenders has continued to expand since the initial Boston Ceasefire intervention in the 1990s, where prior evaluations have shown relatively consistent promise in terms of violence reduction. This study focuses on the capacity of focused deterrence to impact lethal violence in a chronic and high‐trajectory homicide setting: New Orleans,…
The Impact of Police on Criminal Justice Reform: Evidence from Cincinnati, Ohio
Research Summary Despite significant national reductions in crime during the past three decades, a comparable reduction in adult arrest rates has not occurred. In addition, scant attention has been paid to the role of the police in pretrial justice and other criminal justice reform efforts, despite their role as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. A key inquiry that must be addressed by both academics and practitioners is whether it is po…
Focused Deterrence Strategies Save Lives: Introduction and Discussion of an Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Chapter 12. Citizens’ Demeanor, Race, and Traffic Stops
This chapter explores the post-stop arrest decision in traffic stops conducted by Cleveland police officers to determine why racial disparities might exist. The study pays close attention to citizen demeanor by examining more than forty-two thousand traffic stops by Cleveland police; as part of their study, officers were also asked to rate citizen demeanor on a scale with values ranging from civil to physically resistant. Multivariate analysis sh…
Community-Based Crime Reduction in Tulsa: An Application of Petersilia’s Multi-Stakeholder Collaborative Approach to Improve Policy Relevance and Reduce Crime Risk
The most fitting way to celebrate Joan Petersilia’s numerous advancements within the field of criminal justice is to deliberately practice the two most important lessons that perhaps best define her legacy. First, embedded research should drive collaborative partnerships to foster real-world change based on science. Second, such real-world change should reduce the consequences of crime as well as the social costs of heavy-handed criminal justice …
Policing Practices and Perceptions (25 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (23 works) · Criminology (23 works) · Psychology (23 works) · Political science (21 works) · Law (19 works) · Law (12 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works)