Gordon W Russell
Biographic Data
| ID | 312430 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gordon W Russell |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gordon W |
| FAMILY NAME | Russell |
| SIGNATURE | RUSSELL G W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lethbridge |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 17 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Aggression in the Sports World
This book was written for colleagues, students, and knowledgeable sports fans. Strong international and interdisciplinary themes underlie the presentation of the best and most recent findings on questions surrounding sports aggression. Topics range from those with a narrow focus on the personality of hooligans and others, the role of drugs both legal and illegal, sports heroes, and the media in relationship to interpersonal aggression. A broader …
Aggression in the sports world: A Social Psychological Perspective
They are familiar scenes: sports fans turning on each other in acts of violence, and mobs of sports fans flooding onto the field or out into the streets. Is there something inherent in the competitive sport setting that produces this frequently dangerous behavior? This volume addresses the question by exploring the wide range of influences at work, from a social psychological perspective. Topics range from a focus on the personality traits that p…
Calming troubled waters: Peacemakers in a sports riot
This investigation sought to identify a set of measures predictive of those who would intervene in a crowd disturbance with the intent of restoring order. Male participants (N = 74) completed a battery of social and personality measures. Men who had previously attempted to break up a fight(s), including those who had recently intervened and judged their efforts to have been successful, were most likely to step in. Additionally, peacemakers were s…
Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment
Edited by Jeffrey H. Goldstein. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, 270 pp
Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment
Edited by Jeffrey H. Goldstein. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, 270 pp
Toward a social psychological profile of would‐be rioters
Male ice hockey fans (N = 78) completed a battery of biographical, social, cognitive, and individual differences measures that had previously been administered piecemeal to spectators found in attendance at games. Participants' self-reported likelihood of joining in a crowd disturbance served as the dependent measure. The individual differences measures included physical aggression, anger, impulsivity, psychopathy, sensation seeking, and public s…
Toward a social psychological profile of would-be rioters
Male ice hockey fans (N = 78) completed a battery of biographical, social, cognitive, and individual differences measures that had previously been administered piecemeal to spectators found in attendance at games. Participants' self-reported likelihood of joining in a crowd disturbance served as the dependent measure. The individual differences measures included physical aggression, anger, impulsivity, psychopathy, sensation seeking, and public s…
Sympathy and Altruism in Response to Disasters: A Dutch and Canadian Comparison
Subjects ( N = 343) were students at a Dutch and Canadian university who provided ratings of sympathy and financial assistance for victims of ten international disasters. Canadian subjects expressed greater sympathy and gave more money from a personal windfall than did Dutch subjects. Females overall expressed greater sympathy, although males and females provided equal amounts of assistance
Violence in Canada: Sociopolitical perspectives, edited by Jeffrey I. Ross
Murder most foul: Predictors of an affirmative response to an outrageous question
Male and female students (N = 761) attending university in Canada and the U.S. were asked if they would personally kill someone they knew and thoroughly hated under conditions of anonymity. Among Canadian subjects, males, those who were not religious, foreign students and those scoring high on irritation or assaultive tendencies were most likely to endorse the “murder” item. Among U.S. subjects, only irritability was a significant predictor of th…
Personality Differences Between Dutch Football Fans and Nonfans
The present study provided a comparison of Dutch football fans (N=60) with nonfans (N=43) using an individual differences approach. While football supporters scored higher on a measure of psychopathy, there was no difference on an assault scale. Within the sample of fans, both assault scores and anticipating a “hard fought” match were positively related to fans' self-reported likelihood of involving themselves in a fight. Additionally, those most…
Canadians' Belief in Catharsis
A national sample (N=3,815) of 15 to 19-year-old Canadian high school students responded to a questionnaire that assessed attitudes toward contemporary social problems, e.g., violence in schools, against women and that associated with youth gangs. Beliefs in catharsis were measured by asking respondents to indicate the extent to which participating in, and observing, aggression, reduces one's level of aggression. Males provided stronger support t…
Personalities in the crowd: Those who would escalate a sports riot
A series of four studies was conducted at ice hockey games with a view to establishing the correlates of spectator's self-reported reasons for attending and their propensity for involvement in crowd disturbances. Spectators attending for the reason of “I like to watch the fights” and those most likely to join in a fight if one were to break out in the stands were young, single males. Ratings on the dependent variables were further related to indi…
False consensus effect, physical aggression, anger, and a willingness to escalate a disturbance
The present investigation sought to establish the relationships between two measures of aggression and both subjects' self-reported attraction to fights and likelihood that they would join in a crowd disturbance. Subjects were adult males (N = 63) interviewed at an ice hockey game. Tests of the false consensus effect [Ross et al. (1977): Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13: 279–301] were also undertaken. Physical aggression and anger bor…
Battling Amazons: Responses to Female Fighters
On Penalties in Sport as Measures of Aggression
A principal components analysis of the intercorrelation matrix of minutes assessed for 19 aggressive penalties awarded in all games played in the 1983–84 season ( N = 505) of the Western Hockey League is reported as an attempted replication of a similar analysis for the 1978–79 season reported by Russell & Russell (1984). Beyond superficial similarities between the two solutions, only the component of fighting was found to be in common
Male Responses to Female Aggression
The effects on males (N= 60) of observing fictional aggression were assessed in a between-subjects design. Subjects were randomly assigned to view either a film clip of professional lady wrestlers, a mud wrestling segment or, to a no-film control condition. Both films produced negative changes in mood states, principally an increase in aggression and a decrease in social affection. Exposure to the films failed to produce changes in men's acceptan…
Lunar Cycles and Human Aggression: A Replication
The present investigation provided for tests of a lunar-aggression hypothesis using the aggressive penalties awarded in ice hockey over a season of competition. Interpersonal aggression was found to be unrelated to either the synodic or anomalistic cycles, a result consistent with recent reviews of lunar research. Discussion centered on the persistence of lunar beliefs and their links to the literature on selective exposure and interpersonal expe…
Negative ions and behavior: Impact on mood, memory, and aggression among Type A and Type B persons
Individuals scoring high (Type As), intermediate, or low (Type Bs) on the Jenkins Activity Survey were given an opportunity to aggress against a stranger who, previously, had either provoked or not provoked them. The opportunity to aggress (as well as all other aspects of the study) took place in the presence of (a) a high concentration, (b) a moderate concentration, or (c) a low (ambient) concentration of negative air ions. Results indicated tha…
Sports Penalties: An Alternative Means of Measuring Aggression
The official records of all games played in the Western Hockey League (N = 432) during a season provided the data for a Principal Components analysis of 19 aggressive penalties. The solution suggested that inter-personal aggression in the sport is multiply determined and can arise from eight different sets of conditions or antecedents. The advantages to research designs of using penalty indices as measures of aggression were discussed within the …
The Professionalization of Young Hockey Players
Lunar Influences on Human Aggression
League records of all hockey games (N=426) played during a season provided data for tests of a lunar-aggression hypothesis. Despite the use of multiple measures of lunar phase and interpersonal aggression, support for lunar influence was not forthcoming. Inasmuch as the results were generally consistent with previous investigations, discussion centered on a rationale for the few “positive” findings that have occasionally occurred. Supplemental da…
Crowd Size and Density in Relation to Athletic Aggression and Performance
The records of 426 games played in the twelve team Western Hockey League provided the data for an investigation of the relationships between crowd size and density, and both player aggression (aggressive penalties) and performance (goals). Crowd size was negatively related to the aggression and performance of visiting teams while crowd density was negatively related to the overall performance of both teams. The present and earlier studies suggest…
Effects on the Hostility of Spectators of Viewing Aggressive Sports
The effects on spectator hostility of viewing aggressive athletic contests were investigated using three diverse measures of hostility in a replication of the widely cited Goldstein and Arms (1971) Army-Navy football study. Male and female subjects were exposed to either stylized aggression (professional wrestling), realistic aggression (ice hockey), or a competitive but nonaggressive control event (swimming) in a before-after design. While the t…
Crowd Size and Competitive Aspects of Aggression in Ice Hockey: An Archival Study
The season's records of a Canadian ice hockey league provided the data for an investigation of aggression in relation to crowd size and competition. Crowd size was positively related to aggression in one season but not in the preceding year. Aggression increased over the three periods of game play but not across the season. League standing and the score existing during play were both significantly related to aggression. However, the aggression di…
Effects on the Hostility of Spectators of Viewing Aggressive Sports
The effects on spectator hostility of viewing aggressive athletic contests were investigated using three diverse measures of hostility in a replication of the widely cited Goldstein and Arms (1971) Army-Navy football study. Male and female subjects were exposed to either stylized aggression (professional wrestling), realistic aggression (ice hockey), or a competitive but nonaggressive control event (swimming) in a before-after design. While the t…
Crowd Size and Competitive Aspects of Aggression in Ice Hockey: An Archival Study
The season's records of a Canadian ice hockey league provided the data for an investigation of aggression in relation to crowd size and competition. Crowd size was positively related to aggression in one season but not in the preceding year. Aggression increased over the three periods of game play but not across the season. League standing and the score existing during play were both significantly related to aggression. However, the aggression di…
Machiavellianism, Locus of Control, Aggression, Performance and Precautionary Behaviour in Ice Hockey
The sport of hockey served as a setting for the investigation of the relationships between both Machiavellianism and I-E locus of control and three behavioural indices of aggression. Physical aggression, challenge to authority, and total aggression were positively related to Mach V scores and I-E locus of control, the only exception being I-E and physical aggression. Goal scoring, as a performance measure, was positively related to challenge to a…
Negative ions and behavior: Impact on mood, memory, and aggression among Type A and Type B persons
Individuals scoring high (Type As), intermediate, or low (Type Bs) on the Jenkins Activity Survey were given an opportunity to aggress against a stranger who, previously, had either provoked or not provoked them. The opportunity to aggress (as well as all other aspects of the study) took place in the presence of (a) a high concentration, (b) a moderate concentration, or (c) a low (ambient) concentration of negative air ions. Results indicated tha…
Calming troubled waters: Peacemakers in a sports riot
This investigation sought to identify a set of measures predictive of those who would intervene in a crowd disturbance with the intent of restoring order. Male participants (N = 74) completed a battery of social and personality measures. Men who had previously attempted to break up a fight(s), including those who had recently intervened and judged their efforts to have been successful, were most likely to step in. Additionally, peacemakers were s…
The Professionalization of Young Hockey Players
The View of Religions from Religious and Non-Religious Perspectives
Four dimensional solutions were found to underlie dissimilarity judgments among 16 world religions by respondents from four categories of religious affiliation. Multidimensional scaling procedures resulted in a Foreign-Local and a Godless-Fundamental dimension common to all affiliative categories. A dimension of Power was shared by all but the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints members while a Social Acceptability dimension was used by b…
Serial-Position Effect and Organization of Recall of Connected Meaningful Verbal Material
Factor analyses of recall measures by King have consistently resulted in a two-factor solution with the first dimension being quantitative and the second, organizational in nature. To test the generality of the serial position with respect to connected discourse, an eight-sentence passage summarizing the arguments, pro and con, of having a female prime minister was written. It was presented individually to 48 men and 48 women, with the sentences …
Some Correlates of Conceptual Complexity
Scores on 3 measures of conceptual complexity were related to a number of biographic and demographic variables. Age, sex, GPA, and birth order were generally unrelated to complexity as were differences among formal religious denominations and Canadian political party preferences. However, complexity scores were generally lower for (1) Ss reporting religious affiliations vs non-affiliates, (2) Ss voting for a party rather than the man, (3) Ss enro…
Machiavellianism, Locus of Control, Aggression, Performance and Precautionary Behaviour in Ice Hockey
The sport of hockey served as a setting for the investigation of the relationships between both Machiavellianism and I-E locus of control and three behavioural indices of aggression. Physical aggression, challenge to authority, and total aggression were positively related to Mach V scores and I-E locus of control, the only exception being I-E and physical aggression. Goal scoring, as a performance measure, was positively related to challenge to a…
The View of Religions from Religious and Non-Religious Perspectives
Four dimensional solutions were found to underlie dissimilarity judgments among 16 world religions by respondents from four categories of religious affiliation. Multidimensional scaling procedures resulted in a Foreign-Local and a Godless-Fundamental dimension common to all affiliative categories. A dimension of Power was shared by all but the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints members while a Social Acceptability dimension was used by b…
Crowd Size and Competitive Aspects of Aggression in Ice Hockey: An Archival Study
The season's records of a Canadian ice hockey league provided the data for an investigation of aggression in relation to crowd size and competition. Crowd size was positively related to aggression in one season but not in the preceding year. Aggression increased over the three periods of game play but not across the season. League standing and the score existing during play were both significantly related to aggression. However, the aggression di…
Effects on the Hostility of Spectators of Viewing Aggressive Sports
The effects on spectator hostility of viewing aggressive athletic contests were investigated using three diverse measures of hostility in a replication of the widely cited Goldstein and Arms (1971) Army-Navy football study. Male and female subjects were exposed to either stylized aggression (professional wrestling), realistic aggression (ice hockey), or a competitive but nonaggressive control event (swimming) in a before-after design. While the t…
Lunar Influences on Human Aggression
League records of all hockey games (N=426) played during a season provided data for tests of a lunar-aggression hypothesis. Despite the use of multiple measures of lunar phase and interpersonal aggression, support for lunar influence was not forthcoming. Inasmuch as the results were generally consistent with previous investigations, discussion centered on a rationale for the few “positive” findings that have occasionally occurred. Supplemental da…
Crowd Size and Density in Relation to Athletic Aggression and Performance
The records of 426 games played in the twelve team Western Hockey League provided the data for an investigation of the relationships between crowd size and density, and both player aggression (aggressive penalties) and performance (goals). Crowd size was negatively related to the aggression and performance of visiting teams while crowd density was negatively related to the overall performance of both teams. The present and earlier studies suggest…
Sports Penalties: An Alternative Means of Measuring Aggression
The official records of all games played in the Western Hockey League (N = 432) during a season provided the data for a Principal Components analysis of 19 aggressive penalties. The solution suggested that inter-personal aggression in the sport is multiply determined and can arise from eight different sets of conditions or antecedents. The advantages to research designs of using penalty indices as measures of aggression were discussed within the …
The Professionalization of Young Hockey Players
Lunar Cycles and Human Aggression: A Replication
The present investigation provided for tests of a lunar-aggression hypothesis using the aggressive penalties awarded in ice hockey over a season of competition. Interpersonal aggression was found to be unrelated to either the synodic or anomalistic cycles, a result consistent with recent reviews of lunar research. Discussion centered on the persistence of lunar beliefs and their links to the literature on selective exposure and interpersonal expe…
Negative ions and behavior: Impact on mood, memory, and aggression among Type A and Type B persons
Individuals scoring high (Type As), intermediate, or low (Type Bs) on the Jenkins Activity Survey were given an opportunity to aggress against a stranger who, previously, had either provoked or not provoked them. The opportunity to aggress (as well as all other aspects of the study) took place in the presence of (a) a high concentration, (b) a moderate concentration, or (c) a low (ambient) concentration of negative air ions. Results indicated tha…
Male Responses to Female Aggression
The effects on males (N= 60) of observing fictional aggression were assessed in a between-subjects design. Subjects were randomly assigned to view either a film clip of professional lady wrestlers, a mud wrestling segment or, to a no-film control condition. Both films produced negative changes in mood states, principally an increase in aggression and a decrease in social affection. Exposure to the films failed to produce changes in men's acceptan…
Battling Amazons: Responses to Female Fighters
On Penalties in Sport as Measures of Aggression
A principal components analysis of the intercorrelation matrix of minutes assessed for 19 aggressive penalties awarded in all games played in the 1983–84 season ( N = 505) of the Western Hockey League is reported as an attempted replication of a similar analysis for the 1978–79 season reported by Russell & Russell (1984). Beyond superficial similarities between the two solutions, only the component of fighting was found to be in common
Personality Differences Between Dutch Football Fans and Nonfans
The present study provided a comparison of Dutch football fans (N=60) with nonfans (N=43) using an individual differences approach. While football supporters scored higher on a measure of psychopathy, there was no difference on an assault scale. Within the sample of fans, both assault scores and anticipating a “hard fought” match were positively related to fans' self-reported likelihood of involving themselves in a fight. Additionally, those most…
Canadians' Belief in Catharsis
A national sample (N=3,815) of 15 to 19-year-old Canadian high school students responded to a questionnaire that assessed attitudes toward contemporary social problems, e.g., violence in schools, against women and that associated with youth gangs. Beliefs in catharsis were measured by asking respondents to indicate the extent to which participating in, and observing, aggression, reduces one's level of aggression. Males provided stronger support t…
Personalities in the crowd: Those who would escalate a sports riot
A series of four studies was conducted at ice hockey games with a view to establishing the correlates of spectator's self-reported reasons for attending and their propensity for involvement in crowd disturbances. Spectators attending for the reason of “I like to watch the fights” and those most likely to join in a fight if one were to break out in the stands were young, single males. Ratings on the dependent variables were further related to indi…
False consensus effect, physical aggression, anger, and a willingness to escalate a disturbance
The present investigation sought to establish the relationships between two measures of aggression and both subjects' self-reported attraction to fights and likelihood that they would join in a crowd disturbance. Subjects were adult males (N = 63) interviewed at an ice hockey game. Tests of the false consensus effect [Ross et al. (1977): Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13: 279–301] were also undertaken. Physical aggression and anger bor…
Murder most foul: Predictors of an affirmative response to an outrageous question
Male and female students (N = 761) attending university in Canada and the U.S. were asked if they would personally kill someone they knew and thoroughly hated under conditions of anonymity. Among Canadian subjects, males, those who were not religious, foreign students and those scoring high on irritation or assaultive tendencies were most likely to endorse the “murder” item. Among U.S. subjects, only irritability was a significant predictor of th…
Sympathy and Altruism in Response to Disasters: A Dutch and Canadian Comparison
Subjects ( N = 343) were students at a Dutch and Canadian university who provided ratings of sympathy and financial assistance for victims of ten international disasters. Canadian subjects expressed greater sympathy and gave more money from a personal windfall than did Dutch subjects. Females overall expressed greater sympathy, although males and females provided equal amounts of assistance
Violence in Canada: Sociopolitical perspectives, edited by Jeffrey I. Ross
Toward a social psychological profile of would‐be rioters
Male ice hockey fans (N = 78) completed a battery of biographical, social, cognitive, and individual differences measures that had previously been administered piecemeal to spectators found in attendance at games. Participants' self-reported likelihood of joining in a crowd disturbance served as the dependent measure. The individual differences measures included physical aggression, anger, impulsivity, psychopathy, sensation seeking, and public s…
Toward a social psychological profile of would-be rioters
Male ice hockey fans (N = 78) completed a battery of biographical, social, cognitive, and individual differences measures that had previously been administered piecemeal to spectators found in attendance at games. Participants' self-reported likelihood of joining in a crowd disturbance served as the dependent measure. The individual differences measures included physical aggression, anger, impulsivity, psychopathy, sensation seeking, and public s…
Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment
Edited by Jeffrey H. Goldstein. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, 270 pp
Psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Aggression (15 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (9 works) · Medical emergency (9 works) · Poison control (9 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (9 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works)