Scott C Carvajal
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 313130 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Scott C Carvajal |
| NOMBRES | Scott C |
| APELLIDO | Carvajal |
| FIRMA | CARVAJAL S C |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Arizona |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 179 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1996 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Don’t leave it all to science”
The geographic and cultural distribution of the health beliefs that inform how people interpret disease etiologies, engage in the clinical arena, utilize traditional remedies, and respond to health promotion programming is an important and understudied topic. The impacts of place-based factors on health concepts may be especially critical among geographically displaced populations, who tend to face a similar and concerning host of barriers to med…
The association between neighborhood context, allostatic load, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease in Mexican-origin farmworkers along the Southern Arizona US/Mexico border
The results of this study inform the development of culturally relevant strategies to reduce Mexican-origin farmworkers' risk for MASLD that are highly responsive to the structural and systemic forces that shape their lived experience
Evaluating Indigenous Identity and Stress as Potential Barriers to Accessing On-Campus Healthcare for Indigenous Students at a Large Southwestern University
The research findings offer many promising avenues for future work around Indigenous identity, affordability of healthcare, and importance of health literacy
Knowledge of the Stress-Health Link as a Source of Resilience Among Mexicans in the Arizona Borderlands
Mexicans who migrate to the United States endure significant stressors related to the migration process and social and environmental conditions of life in the United States. Given that chronic stress exposure has been linked to the onset of health conditions, these ecological factors may expose them to increased risk for poor health. However, Mexicans have many positive health outcomes compared to those monitored nationally, making it crucial to …
Risk factors associated with loneliness among mexican-origin adults in southern Arizona
This study examines factors associated with symptoms of loneliness among a sample (n = 213) of mostly Mexican-origin adults at risk of chronic diseases in Southern Arizona's Pima, Yuma, and Santa Cruz counties. It uses baseline data from a community-based participatory research partnership and multinominal logistic regression models. Controlling for chronic diseases and sociodemographic characteristics, perceived social support and hope exhibit n…
A Community-Based Participatory Approach in Applying the Sociocultural Resilience Model in U.S–Mexico Border Communities
Collaborative approaches within community-based participatory research partnerships can facilitate the adaptation and measurement of conceptual health behavior models in community practice
Studying full-shift inhalation exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among Latino workers in very small-sized beauty salons and auto repair shops
Background: One in every 200 US jobs is in a beauty salon or auto repair shop, where workers are regularly exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may cause a range of short- and long-term health issues. In these shops, Latino workers are overrepresented and lack culturally and linguistically appropriate industrial hygiene resources. This leaves a gap in knowledge on inhalation exposures to VOCs in this hard-to-reach and ubiquitous work…
The Association Between Duration of School Garden Exposure and Self-Reported Learning and School Connectedness
When students feel connected to their school, they experience positive health and academic outcomes. In contrast, school disengagement is a predictor of dropout, delinquency, and substance use. School garden programming has the potential to help children achieve academic outcomes and feel connected to their school. Unfortunately, most school garden research has been conducted with white, affluent study participants. We describe the results of a s…
Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Mexican-Origin Adults in a Community Sample at the US Mexico Border Region
Using baseline data from three partnering federally qualified health centers, we examined factors associated with depressive symptoms among Mexican-origin adults at risk of chronic disease living in three counties in Southern Arizona (i.e., Pima, Yuma, and Santa Cruz). Multivariable linear regression models identified correlates of depressive symptoms for this population controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Among 206 participants, 85…
Risk Factors Associated with Diabetes among Mexican-Origin Adults in Southern Arizona
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and it is particularly problematic among the Latine population. This study employed multivariable logistic regression models to examine how hypertension, depression, and sociodemographics were associated with diabetes in a cross-sectional sample of Mexican-origin adults living in three counties of Southern Arizona. The overall prevalence of diabetes from this primary care sample…
The Use of Qualitative Methods to Guide the Development of the Border Resilience Scale in a Participatory Research Study
U.S.-Mexico border residents experience pervasive social and ecological stressors that contribute to a high burden of chronic disease. However, the border region is primarily composed of high-density Mexican-origin neighborhoods, a characteristic that is most commonly health-promoting. Understanding factors that contribute to border stress and resilience is essential to informing the effective design of community-level health promotion strategies…
Thinking on your feet
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic, and governments and health institutions enacted various public health measures to decrease its transmission rate. The COVID-19 pandemic made occupational health disparities for small businesses more visible and created an unprecedented financial burden, particularly for those located in communities of color. In part, communities of color experienced dispro…
Adaptation of a Community Clinical Linkages Intervention to the Covid-19 Pandemic
In this community case study, we describe the process within an academic-community partnership of adapting UNIDOS, a community health worker (CHW)-led community-clinical linkages (CCL) intervention targeting Latinx adults in Arizona, to the evolving landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with community-based participatory research principles, academic and community-based partners made decisions regarding changes to the intervention study …
The Arizona Prevention Research Center partnerships in Arizona to promote Covid-19 vaccine health equity
Background: Vaccine hesitancy in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex issue that undermines our national ability to reduce the burden of the disease and control the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed widening health disparities and disproportionate adverse health outcomes in terms of transmission, hospitalizations, morbidity and mortality among Arizona's Latinx rural, underserved, farmworker, disabled and elderly populations. In M…
Es Muy Tranquilo Aquí”
Perceptions of community can play an important role in determining health and well-being. We know little, however, about residents' perceptions of community safety in the Southwestern borderlands, an area frequently portrayed as plagued by disorder. The qualitative aim of this community-based participatory research study was to explore the perceptions of Mexican-origin border residents about their communities in southern Yuma County, Arizona. Our…
La vida en la frontera
This study examines objective and subjective mechanisms of the relationship between stress and health in an ecologically diverse rural community over an extended timeframe and illuminates health disparities affecting residents of this medically underserved community. Findings from this investigation directly impact the participants and community through deepening our understanding of the linkages between individual and community level stress and …
Community Health Worker-Led Community Clinical on the U.S. / Mexico Border
Future CHW-led CCL practitioners should consider how to best institutionally support CHWs to maximize benefits for patients
Native Spirit
Culturally grounded after‐school programs (ASPs), based on local cultural values and practices, are often developed and implemented by and for the local community. Culturally grounded programs promote health and well‐being for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents by allowing them to reconnect to cultural teachings that have faced attempted historical and contemporary erasure. This article is a first‐person account that describes …
Participation in a Culturally Grounded Program Strengthens Cultural Identity, Self-esteem, and Resilience in Urban Indigenous Adolescents
Culturally grounded after-school programs (ASPs) aim to promote health and well-being among Indigenous youth. Native Spirit is a 10-session ASP that focuses on local cultural values and activities facilitated by local cultural practitioners. This pilot study used a single group, pretest-posttest design (N = 18) with Indigenous adolescents in grades 7-12 and conducted participant interviews (N = 11) to assess the impact of the program on cultural …
Examining Associations between Community Health Worker-Rated Health and Mental Health among Latino Adults with Chronic Disease
Latinos with chronic disease often experience comorbid depression, but confront barriers to mental health treatment. Community health workers (CHWs) develop trusting relationships with the communities they serve, and may be uniquely positioned to identify Latinos with mental health care needs. Research has not examined whether their rating of clients' health is indicative of their mental health. This mixed-methods study examines CHWs' appraisals …
Mechanisms of Racial Disparities in Cognitive Aging
Education remains the best explanatory factor for cognitive aging disparities, though material well-being and subjective social status help to explain a portion of the racial disparity in cognitive aging
How the U.S.-Mexico border influences adolescent substance use
State inequality, socioeconomic position and subjective cognitive decline in the United States
Income inequality does not play a dominant role in SCD, though a social gradient in individual income for SCD suggests the relationship may operate in part via status anxiety
La Vida Buena (The Good Life) evaluation
The trial was retrospectively registered on December 18, 2018. The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is NCT03781856
Self-reported hearing difficulty and its association with general, cognitive, and psychosocial health in the state of Arizona, 2015
Self-reported hearing difficulty was associated with report of increased confusion and memory loss and poorer general and psychosocial health among Arizona adults. These findings support the feasibility and utility of assessing self-reported hearing ability on the BRFSS. Results highlight the need for greater inclusion of the full range of hearing disability in the planning process for public health surveillance, programs, and services at state a…
Bicultural Stress and Adolescent Risk Behaviors in a Community Sample of Latinos and Non-Latino European Americans
The hypotheses were supported. Bicultural stress appears to be an important underlying factor for health disparities among US adolescents. Future research may consider promoting well-being in majority, as well as minority adolescents, through targeting sources of bicultural stressors or examining ways to moderate their effects on adolescent risk behaviors
Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border
Adolescent bicultural stress and its impact on mental well‐being among Latinos, Asian Americans, and European Americans
The perception of bicultural stress, stress due to discrimination/prejudice, immigration, and acculturation, was investigated in relation to mental well‐being in a sample of urban Latino (n = 304), European American (n = 215), and Asian American (n = 131) 8 th grade students. Bicultural stress was reported by all ethnic groups and was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms and less optimism (only for females), after accounting for…
Behavioural Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Adolescents
These results extend prior research by assessing the health needs of early adolescent youth. The study found important differences within Latinos using a bicultural acculturation model. The use of a bicultural acculturation model, or cultural orientation approach more generally, may have special utility for addressing health issues wherever minority populations interact with a dominant society
Predictors and a Framework for Fostering Community Advocacy as a Community Health Worker Core Function to Eliminate Health Disparities
Objectives. Using a mixed-method, participatory research approach, we investigated factors related to community health worker (CHW) community advocacy that affect social determinants of health. Methods. We used cross-sectional survey data for 371 CHWs to assess demographics, training, work environment, and leadership qualities on civic, political, and organizational advocacy. We present advocacy stories to further articulate CHW activities. The d…
Taking a Community-Based Participatory Research Approach in the Development of Methods to Measure a Community Health Worker Community Advocacy Intervention
Encounter forms provided a longitudinal perspective of how CHWs engaged in advocacy activities in the three streams. Strategy maps defined desired advocacy outcomes and health benefits. Technical assistance notes identified and documented intermediate outcomes. Focus group and interview data reflected CHW efforts to engage community members in advocacy and the development of community leaders. APPLICATION OF LESSONS LEARNED: We provide a model fo…
Community health workers as focus group facilitators
Farmworkers living in US-Border communities experience numerous stressors in their daily lives that place them at risk for behavioral health problems, particularly anxiety and depression. Given challenges to accessing care, farmworkers are most likely to receive services in the primary care setting. In this paper, we describe a participatory action research (PAR) approach in which community health workers (CHWs) use focus groups to engage the pat…
Mechanisms of Racial Disparities in Cognitive Aging
Education remains the best explanatory factor for cognitive aging disparities, though material well-being and subjective social status help to explain a portion of the racial disparity in cognitive aging
State Medicaid Expansion, Community Interventions, and Health Care Disparities in a United States–Mexico Border Community
Objectives. We investigated whether access to and use of health care services increased among residents of a low-income, predominantly Mexican American border community affected by the expansion of Arizona’s Medicaid program in 2001 and multiple community-level programs and policies. Methods. We used data from a probability sample of 1623 adult residents of Douglas, Arizona, who participated in cross-sectional health surveys in 1998 and 2010. Res…
A survey of injuries among Broadway performers
To obtain more information about injuries of Broadway performers, 313 performers appearing in 23 Broadway companies were surveyed. The percentage of performers injured was 55.5%, with a mean of 1.08 injuries performer. Lower extremity injuries were the most common. Sixty-two percent of performers believed that their injuries were preventable. As this study reports factors that significantly increase the risk of injury for dancers and actors, it m…
Multilevel Models and Unbiased Tests for Group Based Interventions
For many large-scale behavioral interventions, random assignment to intervention condition occurs at the group level. Data analytic models that ignore potential non-independence of observations provide inefficient parameter estimates and often produce biased test statistics. For studies in which individuals are randomized by groups to treatment condition, multilevel models (MLMs) provide a flexible approach to statistically evaluating program eff…
Global Positive Expectancies of the Self and Adolescents' Substance Use Avoidance
Grounded in theories of global positive expectancies and social influences of behavior, this investigation posited a model in which global positive expectancies are related to substance use as mediated by attitudes, subjective norms, self‐efficacy, and intentions. Using a cohort sample ( n = 525), structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized predictions of future substance use. The findings suggest that, relative to adolesce…
Behavioural Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Adolescents
These results extend prior research by assessing the health needs of early adolescent youth. The study found important differences within Latinos using a bicultural acculturation model. The use of a bicultural acculturation model, or cultural orientation approach more generally, may have special utility for addressing health issues wherever minority populations interact with a dominant society
Adolescent bicultural stress and its impact on mental well‐being among Latinos, Asian Americans, and European Americans
The perception of bicultural stress, stress due to discrimination/prejudice, immigration, and acculturation, was investigated in relation to mental well‐being in a sample of urban Latino (n = 304), European American (n = 215), and Asian American (n = 131) 8 th grade students. Bicultural stress was reported by all ethnic groups and was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms and less optimism (only for females), after accounting for…
Bicultural Stress and Adolescent Risk Behaviors in a Community Sample of Latinos and Non-Latino European Americans
The hypotheses were supported. Bicultural stress appears to be an important underlying factor for health disparities among US adolescents. Future research may consider promoting well-being in majority, as well as minority adolescents, through targeting sources of bicultural stressors or examining ways to moderate their effects on adolescent risk behaviors
Culturally Based Substance Abuse Treatment for American Indians/Alaska Natives and Latinos
Although it is generally accepted that substance abuse treatment programs and approaches for minority clients that are not culturally based would have limited effectiveness, there is great variance in what constitutes cultural relevance. For example, many extant treatment models are limited by more surface or superficial cultural mismatches between the program, providers, and clients (e.g., language/translation problems; not being able to establi…
The Border Community and Immigration Stress Scale
Evidence for Long-Term Impact of Pasos Adelante
Effective community-level chronic disease prevention is critical to population health within developed and developing nations. Pasos Adelante is a preventive intervention that aims to reduce chronic disease risk with evidence of effectiveness in US-Mexico residing, Mexican origin, participants. This intervention and related ones also implemented with community health workers have been shown to improve clinical, behavioral and quality of life indi…
Stress and Sociocultural Factors Related to Health Status Among US–Mexico Border Farmworkers
A Community Health Worker Intervention to Address the Social Determinants of Health Through Policy Change
Predictors and a Framework for Fostering Community Advocacy as a Community Health Worker Core Function to Eliminate Health Disparities
Objectives. Using a mixed-method, participatory research approach, we investigated factors related to community health worker (CHW) community advocacy that affect social determinants of health. Methods. We used cross-sectional survey data for 371 CHWs to assess demographics, training, work environment, and leadership qualities on civic, political, and organizational advocacy. We present advocacy stories to further articulate CHW activities. The d…
Development and Psychometric Assessment of the Measure of Globalization Influence on Health Risk (MGIHR) Among Mexican Women with Breast Cancer
State Medicaid Expansion, Community Interventions, and Health Care Disparities in a United States–Mexico Border Community
Objectives. We investigated whether access to and use of health care services increased among residents of a low-income, predominantly Mexican American border community affected by the expansion of Arizona’s Medicaid program in 2001 and multiple community-level programs and policies. Methods. We used data from a probability sample of 1623 adult residents of Douglas, Arizona, who participated in cross-sectional health surveys in 1998 and 2010. Res…
Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border
Using participatory methods to enhance patient‐centred mental health care in a federally qualified community health center serving a M exican A merican farmworker community
BACKGROUND: Mexican American farmworkers experience high rates of mental health conditions; however, it is difficult for them to access care. Patient-centred care is a systems-wide approach to improving the delivery of services for diverse populations in the primary care setting. AIM: We describe the application of community-based participatory research methods to assess and address gaps in perceptions of mental health care between providers and …
Taking a Community-Based Participatory Research Approach in the Development of Methods to Measure a Community Health Worker Community Advocacy Intervention
Encounter forms provided a longitudinal perspective of how CHWs engaged in advocacy activities in the three streams. Strategy maps defined desired advocacy outcomes and health benefits. Technical assistance notes identified and documented intermediate outcomes. Focus group and interview data reflected CHW efforts to engage community members in advocacy and the development of community leaders. APPLICATION OF LESSONS LEARNED: We provide a model fo…
Community health workers as focus group facilitators
Farmworkers living in US-Border communities experience numerous stressors in their daily lives that place them at risk for behavioral health problems, particularly anxiety and depression. Given challenges to accessing care, farmworkers are most likely to receive services in the primary care setting. In this paper, we describe a participatory action research (PAR) approach in which community health workers (CHWs) use focus groups to engage the pat…
Community Health Worker Impact on Chronic Disease Outcomes Within Primary Care Examined Using Electronic Health Records
Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods. We examined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease i…
How the U.S.-Mexico border influences adolescent substance use
State inequality, socioeconomic position and subjective cognitive decline in the United States
Income inequality does not play a dominant role in SCD, though a social gradient in individual income for SCD suggests the relationship may operate in part via status anxiety
La Vida Buena (The Good Life) evaluation
The trial was retrospectively registered on December 18, 2018. The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is NCT03781856
Self-reported hearing difficulty and its association with general, cognitive, and psychosocial health in the state of Arizona, 2015
Self-reported hearing difficulty was associated with report of increased confusion and memory loss and poorer general and psychosocial health among Arizona adults. These findings support the feasibility and utility of assessing self-reported hearing ability on the BRFSS. Results highlight the need for greater inclusion of the full range of hearing disability in the planning process for public health surveillance, programs, and services at state a…
Protocol for LINKS (linking individual needs to community and clinical services)
This study protocol was retrospectively registered, approved, and made available on Clinicaltrials.gov by NCT03787485 as of December 20, 2018
Examining Associations between Community Health Worker-Rated Health and Mental Health among Latino Adults with Chronic Disease
Latinos with chronic disease often experience comorbid depression, but confront barriers to mental health treatment. Community health workers (CHWs) develop trusting relationships with the communities they serve, and may be uniquely positioned to identify Latinos with mental health care needs. Research has not examined whether their rating of clients' health is indicative of their mental health. This mixed-methods study examines CHWs' appraisals …
Medicine (37 obras) · Psychology (27 obras) · Gerontology (25 obras) · Environmental health (20 obras) · Public health (20 obras) · Nursing (19 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Psychiatry (14 obras) · Community Health and Development (13 obras)