William Burr
Biographic Data
| ID | 315550 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William Burr |
| GIVEN NAMES | William |
| FAMILY NAME | Burr |
| SIGNATURE | BURR W |
| AFFILIATIONS | American Academy of Pediatrics |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2955-3613 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 67 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 22 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
How Your Doctor’s Debt Matters
The country faces a shortage of healthcare professionals, yet today's average U.S. medical school graduate carries an enormous debt burden. with roughly $200,000 in education loans, interviewees explain, exciting decisions about specialty paths become struggles between passion and pragmatism
“The debt is suffocating to be honest”
Confronted with soaring medical school costs and intensifying disparities in physician compensation by specialty, medical students are forced to make sense of medical education debt during the nascent stages of their careers in medicine. Few studies, however, have examined exactly how medical students make sense of these constraints or how this process might influence decisions about which specialty to pursue or affect doctors’ wellbeing. Leverag…
Why Your Doctor Didn't Go to Class
A clear pattern has emerged in allopathic medical schools across the United States: Most medical students have stopped going to class. While this trend among students is well known in medical education, few studies to date have examined the underlying sociological mechanisms driving this collective behavior or how these dynamics are related to institutional change in medical education. Drawing on 33 in-depth interviews with medical students in an…
Examining healthcare institutions by bringing qualitative data from two eras into empirical dialogue
In this paper, we argue that there is new insight to be gained by reexamining the classic text, Boys in White, in strategic ways. Specifically, we share excerpts from Boys in White with current medical students and ask for their reactions in qualitative interviews, examining the relevance (or lack thereof) of earlier meanings about professional training for current processes of professional training. We show how we have employed this technique in…
The Carter Administration's “Damnable Dilemma”
Nuclear Weapons, Coercive Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War
To “Keep the Genie Bottled Up”
In the 1960s and early 1970s, U.S. policymakers maintained a complex effort to limit the dissemination of gas centrifuge technology for enriching uranium, which they saw as an inherent nuclear proliferation risk. Recognizing that controls could not stop scientific research and development, U.S. officials nevertheless believed the overseas development of gas centrifuge technology could be slowed. To prevent further dissemination overseas, the Unit…
A Scheme of ‘Control’
India's nuclear test in May 1974 created a predicament for US nuclear diplomacy. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's immediate response was low-key, but he became worried about the spread of nuclear capabilities to the ‘next country’. Abandoning his previously dismissive stance toward the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Kissinger concluded that Washington had to work with allies and even cold-war adversaries to check proliferation. He ap…
The ‘Labors of Atlas, Sisyphus, or Hercules’? US Gas-Centrifuge Policy and Diplomacy, 1954–60
This article explores the Eisenhower administration's efforts during 1960 to tackle the apparent nuclear-proliferation risk posed by innovations in gas-centrifuge technology. Washington developed a policy of denial, first tried out in 1954 when Brazil tried to purchase gas centrifuges in West Germany. In 1960, with advances in gas-centrifuge technology raising the possibility of secret uranium-enrichment plants, Atomic Energy Commission and State…
John H. Rubel, Doomsday Delayed
October 01 2010 John H. Rubel, Doomsday Delayed: USAF Strategic Weapons Doctrine and SIOP-62, 1959–1962: Two Cautionary Tales William Burr William Burr Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information William Burr Online ISSN: 1531-3298 Print ISSN: 1520-3972 © 2010 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2010 Journal of Cold War Studies (2010) 12…
Casting a Shadow” Over Trade
Scholarly work on the rapprochement between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States that began in the early 1970s has mainly focused on the strategic and security concerns that underlay that development.1 Yet, during the early phases of the new relationship political-economic problems, involving claims for expropriated property and commercial policy matters, had a telling impact on U.S. policymaking and Sino-American relations.…
Jeremi Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century
July 01 2008 Jeremi Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century. William Burr William Burr Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information William Burr Online Issn: 1531-3298 Print Issn: 1520-3972 © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2008 Journal of Cold War Studies (2008) 10 (3): 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.3.153 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter Link…
How Many and Where Were the Nukes? What the U.S. Government No Longer Wants You to Know about Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War
The National Security Archive has released an important series of documents revealing the reversal of several decades of efforts to make available for public scrutiny the numbers of US nuclear missiles during the early decades of the atomic era. The complete report, and the supporting documents revealing both the numbers of weapons and their deployment, including the deployment of nuclear weapons in Asia and the Pacific, as well as evidence of re…
The Nixon Administration, the “Horror Strategy,” and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options, 1969–1972
In early 1969 President Richard Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, received a brie fing on the U.S.nuclear war plan, the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). Appalled by the catastrophic scale of the SIOP, Nixon and Kissinger sought military options that were more credible than massive nuclear strikes. Participants in the Air Force Nuclear Options project also supported more flexible nuclear war plans.Although Kissing…
Nixon's Secret Nuclear Alert
During October 1969 President Nixon directed the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to order the US high command to undertake military measures that would convey to Moscow the increased readiness of US nuclear forces but would not be 'threatening in themselves'. The JCS Readiness Test, as the exercise was officially known, was one of Nixon's more mysterious and secret decisions. This article tracks the twists and turns of Nixon's Vietnam strategy that l…
Sino-American Relations, 1969
The complex story of Sino-American rapprochement under Richard M. Nixon and Mao Zedong has received much attention from historians, but only recently have primary sources from both sides become available to shed light on its initial phases during 1969. Newly declassified US documents show how mutual suspicions and internal political conflicts checked rapprochement but also how Sino-Soviet border fighting created opportunities for major policy cha…
Whether to “Strangle the Baby in the Cradle”
January 01 2001 Whether to "Strangle the Baby in the Cradle": The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960–64 William Burr, William Burr Senior analysts at the National Security Archive, George Washington University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jeffrey T. Richelson Jeffrey T. Richelson Senior analysts at the National Security Archive, George Washington University. Search for other works by this au…
Where they were
Eisenhower's Pentagon
After long delay, the Historical Office of the Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD) has published the third volume in its series of histories of OSD (the last volume was published in 1988).1 Whatever caused the delay – whether the study’s sheer magnitude,2 the inter-agency declassification process, or the Historical Office’s internal review – the result is an important study of a formative period in Cold War history. During the late 1950s, the Ei…
The Kissinger Transcripts
Considered among the most important Cold War records to emerge thus far by the former Beijing bureau chief of the New York Times, The Kissinger Transcripts gives readers the unvarnished record of Henry Kissinger's diplomacy during the Nixon years
Avoiding the Slippery Slope
On 10 November 1958, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev gave a speech that triggered one of the most prolonged crises of the Cold War. In his address, Khrushchev accused the Allies of violating wartime agreements and of raising tensions in Europe through "adventuristic" measures to build up West German military forces and equip the Bundeswehr with nuclear weapons. The time had arrived, he declared, for a peace treaty to "normalize" Central Europe a…
Marshall Planners and the Politics of Empire
In late 1948 the journalist Walter Lippmann made one of his periodic tours of Europe to interview politicians, generals, diplomats, and bankers. In Paris he conferred with French Prime Minister Henri Queuille, who was facing a number of serious problems. France had been hit by serious price inflation that had lowered real wages and triggered crippling strikes. In addition, Queuille's government lacked the fiscal resources to finance current expen…
A Scheme of ‘Control’
India's nuclear test in May 1974 created a predicament for US nuclear diplomacy. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's immediate response was low-key, but he became worried about the spread of nuclear capabilities to the ‘next country’. Abandoning his previously dismissive stance toward the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Kissinger concluded that Washington had to work with allies and even cold-war adversaries to check proliferation. He ap…
Whether to “Strangle the Baby in the Cradle”
January 01 2001 Whether to "Strangle the Baby in the Cradle": The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960–64 William Burr, William Burr Senior analysts at the National Security Archive, George Washington University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jeffrey T. Richelson Jeffrey T. Richelson Senior analysts at the National Security Archive, George Washington University. Search for other works by this au…
The Kissinger Transcripts
Considered among the most important Cold War records to emerge thus far by the former Beijing bureau chief of the New York Times, The Kissinger Transcripts gives readers the unvarnished record of Henry Kissinger's diplomacy during the Nixon years
The Nixon Administration, the “Horror Strategy,” and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options, 1969–1972
In early 1969 President Richard Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, received a brie fing on the U.S.nuclear war plan, the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). Appalled by the catastrophic scale of the SIOP, Nixon and Kissinger sought military options that were more credible than massive nuclear strikes. Participants in the Air Force Nuclear Options project also supported more flexible nuclear war plans.Although Kissing…
Sino-American Relations, 1969
The complex story of Sino-American rapprochement under Richard M. Nixon and Mao Zedong has received much attention from historians, but only recently have primary sources from both sides become available to shed light on its initial phases during 1969. Newly declassified US documents show how mutual suspicions and internal political conflicts checked rapprochement but also how Sino-Soviet border fighting created opportunities for major policy cha…
Examining healthcare institutions by bringing qualitative data from two eras into empirical dialogue
In this paper, we argue that there is new insight to be gained by reexamining the classic text, Boys in White, in strategic ways. Specifically, we share excerpts from Boys in White with current medical students and ask for their reactions in qualitative interviews, examining the relevance (or lack thereof) of earlier meanings about professional training for current processes of professional training. We show how we have employed this technique in…
Nixon's Secret Nuclear Alert
During October 1969 President Nixon directed the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to order the US high command to undertake military measures that would convey to Moscow the increased readiness of US nuclear forces but would not be 'threatening in themselves'. The JCS Readiness Test, as the exercise was officially known, was one of Nixon's more mysterious and secret decisions. This article tracks the twists and turns of Nixon's Vietnam strategy that l…
Why Your Doctor Didn't Go to Class
A clear pattern has emerged in allopathic medical schools across the United States: Most medical students have stopped going to class. While this trend among students is well known in medical education, few studies to date have examined the underlying sociological mechanisms driving this collective behavior or how these dynamics are related to institutional change in medical education. Drawing on 33 in-depth interviews with medical students in an…
The ‘Labors of Atlas, Sisyphus, or Hercules’? US Gas-Centrifuge Policy and Diplomacy, 1954–60
This article explores the Eisenhower administration's efforts during 1960 to tackle the apparent nuclear-proliferation risk posed by innovations in gas-centrifuge technology. Washington developed a policy of denial, first tried out in 1954 when Brazil tried to purchase gas centrifuges in West Germany. In 1960, with advances in gas-centrifuge technology raising the possibility of secret uranium-enrichment plants, Atomic Energy Commission and State…
Nuclear Weapons, Coercive Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War
Marshall Planners and the Politics of Empire
In late 1948 the journalist Walter Lippmann made one of his periodic tours of Europe to interview politicians, generals, diplomats, and bankers. In Paris he conferred with French Prime Minister Henri Queuille, who was facing a number of serious problems. France had been hit by serious price inflation that had lowered real wages and triggered crippling strikes. In addition, Queuille's government lacked the fiscal resources to finance current expen…
Avoiding the Slippery Slope
On 10 November 1958, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev gave a speech that triggered one of the most prolonged crises of the Cold War. In his address, Khrushchev accused the Allies of violating wartime agreements and of raising tensions in Europe through "adventuristic" measures to build up West German military forces and equip the Bundeswehr with nuclear weapons. The time had arrived, he declared, for a peace treaty to "normalize" Central Europe a…
The Kissinger Transcripts
Considered among the most important Cold War records to emerge thus far by the former Beijing bureau chief of the New York Times, The Kissinger Transcripts gives readers the unvarnished record of Henry Kissinger's diplomacy during the Nixon years
Where they were
Eisenhower's Pentagon
After long delay, the Historical Office of the Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD) has published the third volume in its series of histories of OSD (the last volume was published in 1988).1 Whatever caused the delay – whether the study’s sheer magnitude,2 the inter-agency declassification process, or the Historical Office’s internal review – the result is an important study of a formative period in Cold War history. During the late 1950s, the Ei…
Sino-American Relations, 1969
The complex story of Sino-American rapprochement under Richard M. Nixon and Mao Zedong has received much attention from historians, but only recently have primary sources from both sides become available to shed light on its initial phases during 1969. Newly declassified US documents show how mutual suspicions and internal political conflicts checked rapprochement but also how Sino-Soviet border fighting created opportunities for major policy cha…
Whether to “Strangle the Baby in the Cradle”
January 01 2001 Whether to "Strangle the Baby in the Cradle": The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960–64 William Burr, William Burr Senior analysts at the National Security Archive, George Washington University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jeffrey T. Richelson Jeffrey T. Richelson Senior analysts at the National Security Archive, George Washington University. Search for other works by this au…
Nixon's Secret Nuclear Alert
During October 1969 President Nixon directed the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to order the US high command to undertake military measures that would convey to Moscow the increased readiness of US nuclear forces but would not be 'threatening in themselves'. The JCS Readiness Test, as the exercise was officially known, was one of Nixon's more mysterious and secret decisions. This article tracks the twists and turns of Nixon's Vietnam strategy that l…
The Nixon Administration, the “Horror Strategy,” and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options, 1969–1972
In early 1969 President Richard Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, received a brie fing on the U.S.nuclear war plan, the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). Appalled by the catastrophic scale of the SIOP, Nixon and Kissinger sought military options that were more credible than massive nuclear strikes. Participants in the Air Force Nuclear Options project also supported more flexible nuclear war plans.Although Kissing…
How Many and Where Were the Nukes? What the U.S. Government No Longer Wants You to Know about Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War
The National Security Archive has released an important series of documents revealing the reversal of several decades of efforts to make available for public scrutiny the numbers of US nuclear missiles during the early decades of the atomic era. The complete report, and the supporting documents revealing both the numbers of weapons and their deployment, including the deployment of nuclear weapons in Asia and the Pacific, as well as evidence of re…
Jeremi Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century
July 01 2008 Jeremi Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century. William Burr William Burr Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information William Burr Online Issn: 1531-3298 Print Issn: 1520-3972 © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2008 Journal of Cold War Studies (2008) 10 (3): 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.3.153 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter Link…
Casting a Shadow” Over Trade
Scholarly work on the rapprochement between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States that began in the early 1970s has mainly focused on the strategic and security concerns that underlay that development.1 Yet, during the early phases of the new relationship political-economic problems, involving claims for expropriated property and commercial policy matters, had a telling impact on U.S. policymaking and Sino-American relations.…
John H. Rubel, Doomsday Delayed
October 01 2010 John H. Rubel, Doomsday Delayed: USAF Strategic Weapons Doctrine and SIOP-62, 1959–1962: Two Cautionary Tales William Burr William Burr Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information William Burr Online ISSN: 1531-3298 Print ISSN: 1520-3972 © 2010 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2010 Journal of Cold War Studies (2010) 12…
A Scheme of ‘Control’
India's nuclear test in May 1974 created a predicament for US nuclear diplomacy. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's immediate response was low-key, but he became worried about the spread of nuclear capabilities to the ‘next country’. Abandoning his previously dismissive stance toward the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Kissinger concluded that Washington had to work with allies and even cold-war adversaries to check proliferation. He ap…
The ‘Labors of Atlas, Sisyphus, or Hercules’? US Gas-Centrifuge Policy and Diplomacy, 1954–60
This article explores the Eisenhower administration's efforts during 1960 to tackle the apparent nuclear-proliferation risk posed by innovations in gas-centrifuge technology. Washington developed a policy of denial, first tried out in 1954 when Brazil tried to purchase gas centrifuges in West Germany. In 1960, with advances in gas-centrifuge technology raising the possibility of secret uranium-enrichment plants, Atomic Energy Commission and State…
Nuclear Weapons, Coercive Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War
To “Keep the Genie Bottled Up”
In the 1960s and early 1970s, U.S. policymakers maintained a complex effort to limit the dissemination of gas centrifuge technology for enriching uranium, which they saw as an inherent nuclear proliferation risk. Recognizing that controls could not stop scientific research and development, U.S. officials nevertheless believed the overseas development of gas centrifuge technology could be slowed. To prevent further dissemination overseas, the Unit…
The Carter Administration's “Damnable Dilemma”
Examining healthcare institutions by bringing qualitative data from two eras into empirical dialogue
In this paper, we argue that there is new insight to be gained by reexamining the classic text, Boys in White, in strategic ways. Specifically, we share excerpts from Boys in White with current medical students and ask for their reactions in qualitative interviews, examining the relevance (or lack thereof) of earlier meanings about professional training for current processes of professional training. We show how we have employed this technique in…
“The debt is suffocating to be honest”
Confronted with soaring medical school costs and intensifying disparities in physician compensation by specialty, medical students are forced to make sense of medical education debt during the nascent stages of their careers in medicine. Few studies, however, have examined exactly how medical students make sense of these constraints or how this process might influence decisions about which specialty to pursue or affect doctors’ wellbeing. Leverag…
Why Your Doctor Didn't Go to Class
A clear pattern has emerged in allopathic medical schools across the United States: Most medical students have stopped going to class. While this trend among students is well known in medical education, few studies to date have examined the underlying sociological mechanisms driving this collective behavior or how these dynamics are related to institutional change in medical education. Drawing on 33 in-depth interviews with medical students in an…
How Your Doctor’s Debt Matters
The country faces a shortage of healthcare professionals, yet today's average U.S. medical school graduate carries an enormous debt burden. with roughly $200,000 in education loans, interviewees explain, exciting decisions about specialty paths become struggles between passion and pragmatism
Political science (19 works) · Law (15 works) · Law (14 works) · Politics (11 works) · Nuclear Issues and Defense (9 works) · Nuclear weapon (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · History (7 works) · History (7 works) · Vietnamese History and Culture Studies (7 works)