Melissa Deckman
Biographic Data
| ID | 315675 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Melissa Deckman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Melissa |
| FAMILY NAME | Deckman |
| SIGNATURE | DECKMAN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Washington College |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5725-8681 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 164 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Deceptively Stable? How the Stability of Aggregate Abortion Attitudes Conceals Partisan Induced Shifts
The 2022 Dobbs decision, striking down constitutional protection for abortion, sent shockwaves through the American political system. For the 50 years prior, however, public opinion on abortion was distinctive for its stability, with almost the same percent of Americans supporting legal abortion in the twenty-first century as in the 1970s. This stasis persisted during a period of dramatic change in the political landscape. We employ General Socia…
Abortion, religion, and racial resentment: Unpacking the underpinnings of contemporary abortion attitudes
Background For many Americans, pro‐life attitudes are directly attached to their religious beliefs, especially white evangelicals. Some have argued that evangelicals came to oppose abortion not simply because of their views on the sanctity of life, but out of a growing racial resentment as government policy and society moved towards greater racial equality. Objectives This study explores the relationship of evangelicalism, racial attitudes, and v…
Uninspired by Old White Guys: The Mobilizing Factor of Younger, More Diverse Candidates for Gen Z Women
American political activism has surged recently among young citizens, particularly among women and people of color. At the same time, record numbers of women and minority candidates have been running for office. Does seeing more diverse candidates in terms of age, gender, and race propel more interest in political engagement among Generation Z, particularly women? Using a survey experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey of Generat…
Did sexism drive Latino support for Trump? Latinx, sexism, and presidential vote choice
Background While the “machismo” media narrative explaining Donald Trump's electoral support among Latinxs has some intuitive appeal, the relative dearth of scholarship on the influence of sexism on Latinx political attitudes precludes critical evaluation of this claim. Objective This study aims to determine whether Latinxs exhibit more sexist attitudes, compared to other racial/ethnic groups and whether sexism has a differential impact on Latinx …
New voters, new attitudes: How Gen Z Americans rate candidates with respect to generation, gender, and race
A vast literature discusses the barriers to minority and women representation in politics. We examine whether the youngest generation of Americans, Generation Z, penalizes women and minority candidates. Gen Z has come of age when matters of race and gender have come to the forefront of American politics. Simultaneously, the slate of candidates being offered has grown younger, more diverse, and increasingly female. We investigate the ways in which…
Gendered Nationalism and the 2016 US Presidential Election: How Party, Class, and Beliefs about Masculinity Shaped Voting Behavior
We examine which Americans were likely to believe that American society has grown “too soft and feminine,” a concept we have characterized as gendered nationalism, and how such gendered nationalist attitudes influenced voting behavior in the 2016 presidential race. Our analysis shows that party, gender, education, and class shaped attitudes about gendered nationalism: Republicans, men, and members of the working class were more likely to support …
Gendered Nationalism and the 2016 US Presidential Election: How Party, Class, and Beliefs about Masculinity Shaped Voting Behavior – Erratum
Civility, gender, and gendered nationalism in the age of Trump
Using an original national survey, I examine the impact of gender on attitudes about political civility two years into Donald Trump’s presidency. I find that women have less tolerance for uncivil behavior than men, although Republican women express the lowest tolerance for incivility. Republican women are no less likely than Republican men to rate Trump’s behavior as uncivil – and are much less likely to do so than Democratic women or men. While …
Gen Z, Gender, and Covid-19
Using a national survey of Generation Z conducted in late May 2020, we measure attitudes about the impact of the coronavirus on personal health, financial and job concerns, views about shelter-in-place laws, and 2020 voting intentions. Gen Z women express greater health and economic concerns and support for shelter-in-place measures than their male counterparts, but this gender gap is largely mitigated by party and other covariates. Party also me…
Response to Jeffrey R. Dudas’s review of Tea Party Women: Mama Grizzlies, Grassroots Leaders, and the Changing Face of the American Right
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Legacy of Rediscovering the Religious Factor in American Politics
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Faith and the Free Market: Evangelicals, the Tea Party, and Economic Attitudes
We argue that concerted efforts by Tea Party leaders, Republican politicians, and leading Christian Right figures to establish and promote a connection between Christian faith and the free-market system has helped shift the economic attitudes of white evangelical Protestants in a more conservative direction. Our analysis of Public Religion Research Institute survey data finds that white evangelical Protestants express greater skepticism about an …
Tea Party Women: Mama Grizzlies, Grassroots Leaders, and the Changing Face of the American Right
Examines the significant role of women in the conservative movementNotable for its radical conservative views, the Tea Party is progressive in one way that much of mainstream US politics is not: it has among its most vocal members not spokesmen but spokeswomen. Michelle Bachmann, Sarah Palin, Governor Nikki Haley, US Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers, and many others are all prominent figureheads for the fiery and prominent political movement…
Did the “War on Women” Work? Women, Men, and the Birth Control Mandate in the 2012 Presidential Election
Using a nationally representative data set ( N = 3,000), the Public Religion Research Institute’s American Values Survey, we conduct multivariate regression analysis to determine the empirical impact of attitudes regarding the birth control mandate and abortion on presidential vote choice. We also conduct factor analysis to determine whether voters conceptualized the birth control mandate and abortion similarly. We find that support for the Obama…
A Gender Gap among Evangelicals? An Examination of Vote Choice by Gender and Religion in the 2008 Presidential Elections
Barack Obama appeared poised to capture more votes among Evangelical women than Evangelical men given the prominence that economic and wartime issues played in the 2008 election. However, I find that no gender gap existed among Evangelicals in 2008; instead, religious tradition trumps gender as a predictor of presidential vote choice. While Obama fared similarly to John Kerry, Evangelical women were significantly more likely to vote for Al Gore t…
The Politics of Gay Rights and the Gender Gap: A Perspective on the Clergy
In this article, we explore the nexus of gender, religious leadership, and attitudes toward homosexuality and gay rights. Homosexuality has become a frontline issue in American politics, as illustrated most recently by gay marriage battles in the courts and state legislatures as well as state referenda campaigns designed to define marriage legally as the union of a man and a woman. Using survey data from a national random sample of 3,208 clergy w…
Gender Differences in the Decision to Run for School Board
Proponents of the political pipeline theory argue that when more women fill the ranks of locally elected positions, the number of qualified female candidates will increase and more women will eventually be elected statewide and nationally. Given that women are elected at the school board level at higher rates than any other political office, do women run for school board in hopes of using it as a stepping stone for a larger career in politics? Th…
School Board Candidates and Gender: Ideology, Party, and Policy Concerns
Using a unique national survey of school board candidates, this article examines the political orientations, policy viewpoints, and candidate platforms of female and male candidates. There are significant partisan and ideological differences between women and men candidates, with women being more politically liberal than men (even after additional controls are considered) and more likely to be Democrats. However, women who run for school board ar…
Women Running Locally: How Gender Affects School Board Elections
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Clergy and the Politics of Gender
Using data from a new survey of mainline Protestant clergy, we explore the extent to which a political gender gap exists between male and female mainline Protestant ministers. Analysis reveals major partisan, ideological, attitudinal, and participatory disparities among clergymen and clergywomen. Women are far more liberal than their male counterparts, and even though they face the constraint of being a professional minority, clergywomen tend to …
The Political Attitudes and Activities of Mainline Protestant Clergy in the Election of 2000: A Study of Six Denominations
This study examines clergy across six mainline Protestant denominations in terms of their social characteristics, their theological positions, and their political attitudes and behavior. The analysis is based on data collected through random surveys of clergy in each denomination conducted in 2001 using the same instrument. The predominant focus of the article is on the nature and level of political activities exhibited by mainline Protestant cle…
Holy ABCs! The Impact of Religion on Attitudes about Education Policies
Objective . To examine the impact of religion on attitudes about three controversial education policies: creationism, school prayer, and vouchers. Methods . Using a unique, national survey of school board candidates that I undertook in 1998, I use regression analysis to examine which factors, especially religion, explain support for these three policies. Results . This study finds that conservative Christians are more likely to support such polic…
Prayers in the Precincts: The Christian Right in the 1998 Elections
Religion Makes the Difference: Why Christian Right Candidates Run for School Board
Balancing Work and Family Responsibilities: Flextime and Child Care in the Federal Government
Our increasingly diverse work force struggles to manage child care, elder care, emergencies, and other personal commitments, while working conditions become ever more important. The federal government must maintain its status and keep the workplace a humane and healthy place (National Performance Review, 1993; 84). The current bipartisan concern for the changing work needs of the American is reflected in Vice-President Gore's National Performance…
Gendered Nationalism and the 2016 US Presidential Election: How Party, Class, and Beliefs about Masculinity Shaped Voting Behavior
We examine which Americans were likely to believe that American society has grown “too soft and feminine,” a concept we have characterized as gendered nationalism, and how such gendered nationalist attitudes influenced voting behavior in the 2016 presidential race. Our analysis shows that party, gender, education, and class shaped attitudes about gendered nationalism: Republicans, men, and members of the working class were more likely to support …
Did the “War on Women” Work? Women, Men, and the Birth Control Mandate in the 2012 Presidential Election
Using a nationally representative data set ( N = 3,000), the Public Religion Research Institute’s American Values Survey, we conduct multivariate regression analysis to determine the empirical impact of attitudes regarding the birth control mandate and abortion on presidential vote choice. We also conduct factor analysis to determine whether voters conceptualized the birth control mandate and abortion similarly. We find that support for the Obama…
School Board Candidates and Gender: Ideology, Party, and Policy Concerns
Using a unique national survey of school board candidates, this article examines the political orientations, policy viewpoints, and candidate platforms of female and male candidates. There are significant partisan and ideological differences between women and men candidates, with women being more politically liberal than men (even after additional controls are considered) and more likely to be Democrats. However, women who run for school board ar…
Holy ABCs! The Impact of Religion on Attitudes about Education Policies
Objective . To examine the impact of religion on attitudes about three controversial education policies: creationism, school prayer, and vouchers. Methods . Using a unique, national survey of school board candidates that I undertook in 1998, I use regression analysis to examine which factors, especially religion, explain support for these three policies. Results . This study finds that conservative Christians are more likely to support such polic…
Gender Differences in the Decision to Run for School Board
Proponents of the political pipeline theory argue that when more women fill the ranks of locally elected positions, the number of qualified female candidates will increase and more women will eventually be elected statewide and nationally. Given that women are elected at the school board level at higher rates than any other political office, do women run for school board in hopes of using it as a stepping stone for a larger career in politics? Th…
Clergy and the Politics of Gender
Using data from a new survey of mainline Protestant clergy, we explore the extent to which a political gender gap exists between male and female mainline Protestant ministers. Analysis reveals major partisan, ideological, attitudinal, and participatory disparities among clergymen and clergywomen. Women are far more liberal than their male counterparts, and even though they face the constraint of being a professional minority, clergywomen tend to …
The Political Attitudes and Activities of Mainline Protestant Clergy in the Election of 2000: A Study of Six Denominations
This study examines clergy across six mainline Protestant denominations in terms of their social characteristics, their theological positions, and their political attitudes and behavior. The analysis is based on data collected through random surveys of clergy in each denomination conducted in 2001 using the same instrument. The predominant focus of the article is on the nature and level of political activities exhibited by mainline Protestant cle…
Abortion, religion, and racial resentment: Unpacking the underpinnings of contemporary abortion attitudes
Background For many Americans, pro‐life attitudes are directly attached to their religious beliefs, especially white evangelicals. Some have argued that evangelicals came to oppose abortion not simply because of their views on the sanctity of life, but out of a growing racial resentment as government policy and society moved towards greater racial equality. Objectives This study explores the relationship of evangelicalism, racial attitudes, and v…
Uninspired by Old White Guys: The Mobilizing Factor of Younger, More Diverse Candidates for Gen Z Women
American political activism has surged recently among young citizens, particularly among women and people of color. At the same time, record numbers of women and minority candidates have been running for office. Does seeing more diverse candidates in terms of age, gender, and race propel more interest in political engagement among Generation Z, particularly women? Using a survey experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey of Generat…
Did sexism drive Latino support for Trump? Latinx, sexism, and presidential vote choice
Background While the “machismo” media narrative explaining Donald Trump's electoral support among Latinxs has some intuitive appeal, the relative dearth of scholarship on the influence of sexism on Latinx political attitudes precludes critical evaluation of this claim. Objective This study aims to determine whether Latinxs exhibit more sexist attitudes, compared to other racial/ethnic groups and whether sexism has a differential impact on Latinx …
Faith and the Free Market: Evangelicals, the Tea Party, and Economic Attitudes
We argue that concerted efforts by Tea Party leaders, Republican politicians, and leading Christian Right figures to establish and promote a connection between Christian faith and the free-market system has helped shift the economic attitudes of white evangelical Protestants in a more conservative direction. Our analysis of Public Religion Research Institute survey data finds that white evangelical Protestants express greater skepticism about an …
The Politics of Gay Rights and the Gender Gap: A Perspective on the Clergy
In this article, we explore the nexus of gender, religious leadership, and attitudes toward homosexuality and gay rights. Homosexuality has become a frontline issue in American politics, as illustrated most recently by gay marriage battles in the courts and state legislatures as well as state referenda campaigns designed to define marriage legally as the union of a man and a woman. Using survey data from a national random sample of 3,208 clergy w…
Gen Z, Gender, and Covid-19
Using a national survey of Generation Z conducted in late May 2020, we measure attitudes about the impact of the coronavirus on personal health, financial and job concerns, views about shelter-in-place laws, and 2020 voting intentions. Gen Z women express greater health and economic concerns and support for shelter-in-place measures than their male counterparts, but this gender gap is largely mitigated by party and other covariates. Party also me…
A Gender Gap among Evangelicals? An Examination of Vote Choice by Gender and Religion in the 2008 Presidential Elections
Barack Obama appeared poised to capture more votes among Evangelical women than Evangelical men given the prominence that economic and wartime issues played in the 2008 election. However, I find that no gender gap existed among Evangelicals in 2008; instead, religious tradition trumps gender as a predictor of presidential vote choice. While Obama fared similarly to John Kerry, Evangelical women were significantly more likely to vote for Al Gore t…
Deceptively Stable? How the Stability of Aggregate Abortion Attitudes Conceals Partisan Induced Shifts
The 2022 Dobbs decision, striking down constitutional protection for abortion, sent shockwaves through the American political system. For the 50 years prior, however, public opinion on abortion was distinctive for its stability, with almost the same percent of Americans supporting legal abortion in the twenty-first century as in the 1970s. This stasis persisted during a period of dramatic change in the political landscape. We employ General Socia…
Civility, gender, and gendered nationalism in the age of Trump
Using an original national survey, I examine the impact of gender on attitudes about political civility two years into Donald Trump’s presidency. I find that women have less tolerance for uncivil behavior than men, although Republican women express the lowest tolerance for incivility. Republican women are no less likely than Republican men to rate Trump’s behavior as uncivil – and are much less likely to do so than Democratic women or men. While …
Women Running Locally: How Gender Affects School Board Elections
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
New voters, new attitudes: How Gen Z Americans rate candidates with respect to generation, gender, and race
A vast literature discusses the barriers to minority and women representation in politics. We examine whether the youngest generation of Americans, Generation Z, penalizes women and minority candidates. Gen Z has come of age when matters of race and gender have come to the forefront of American politics. Simultaneously, the slate of candidates being offered has grown younger, more diverse, and increasingly female. We investigate the ways in which…
Balancing Work and Family Responsibilities: Flextime and Child Care in the Federal Government
Our increasingly diverse work force struggles to manage child care, elder care, emergencies, and other personal commitments, while working conditions become ever more important. The federal government must maintain its status and keep the workplace a humane and healthy place (National Performance Review, 1993; 84). The current bipartisan concern for the changing work needs of the American is reflected in Vice-President Gore's National Performance…
Prayers in the Precincts: The Christian Right in the 1998 Elections
Religion Makes the Difference: Why Christian Right Candidates Run for School Board
Holy ABCs! The Impact of Religion on Attitudes about Education Policies
Objective . To examine the impact of religion on attitudes about three controversial education policies: creationism, school prayer, and vouchers. Methods . Using a unique, national survey of school board candidates that I undertook in 1998, I use regression analysis to examine which factors, especially religion, explain support for these three policies. Results . This study finds that conservative Christians are more likely to support such polic…
Clergy and the Politics of Gender
Using data from a new survey of mainline Protestant clergy, we explore the extent to which a political gender gap exists between male and female mainline Protestant ministers. Analysis reveals major partisan, ideological, attitudinal, and participatory disparities among clergymen and clergywomen. Women are far more liberal than their male counterparts, and even though they face the constraint of being a professional minority, clergywomen tend to …
The Political Attitudes and Activities of Mainline Protestant Clergy in the Election of 2000: A Study of Six Denominations
This study examines clergy across six mainline Protestant denominations in terms of their social characteristics, their theological positions, and their political attitudes and behavior. The analysis is based on data collected through random surveys of clergy in each denomination conducted in 2001 using the same instrument. The predominant focus of the article is on the nature and level of political activities exhibited by mainline Protestant cle…
Women Running Locally: How Gender Affects School Board Elections
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
School Board Candidates and Gender: Ideology, Party, and Policy Concerns
Using a unique national survey of school board candidates, this article examines the political orientations, policy viewpoints, and candidate platforms of female and male candidates. There are significant partisan and ideological differences between women and men candidates, with women being more politically liberal than men (even after additional controls are considered) and more likely to be Democrats. However, women who run for school board ar…
Gender Differences in the Decision to Run for School Board
Proponents of the political pipeline theory argue that when more women fill the ranks of locally elected positions, the number of qualified female candidates will increase and more women will eventually be elected statewide and nationally. Given that women are elected at the school board level at higher rates than any other political office, do women run for school board in hopes of using it as a stepping stone for a larger career in politics? Th…
The Politics of Gay Rights and the Gender Gap: A Perspective on the Clergy
In this article, we explore the nexus of gender, religious leadership, and attitudes toward homosexuality and gay rights. Homosexuality has become a frontline issue in American politics, as illustrated most recently by gay marriage battles in the courts and state legislatures as well as state referenda campaigns designed to define marriage legally as the union of a man and a woman. Using survey data from a national random sample of 3,208 clergy w…
A Gender Gap among Evangelicals? An Examination of Vote Choice by Gender and Religion in the 2008 Presidential Elections
Barack Obama appeared poised to capture more votes among Evangelical women than Evangelical men given the prominence that economic and wartime issues played in the 2008 election. However, I find that no gender gap existed among Evangelicals in 2008; instead, religious tradition trumps gender as a predictor of presidential vote choice. While Obama fared similarly to John Kerry, Evangelical women were significantly more likely to vote for Al Gore t…
Did the “War on Women” Work? Women, Men, and the Birth Control Mandate in the 2012 Presidential Election
Using a nationally representative data set ( N = 3,000), the Public Religion Research Institute’s American Values Survey, we conduct multivariate regression analysis to determine the empirical impact of attitudes regarding the birth control mandate and abortion on presidential vote choice. We also conduct factor analysis to determine whether voters conceptualized the birth control mandate and abortion similarly. We find that support for the Obama…
Tea Party Women: Mama Grizzlies, Grassroots Leaders, and the Changing Face of the American Right
Examines the significant role of women in the conservative movementNotable for its radical conservative views, the Tea Party is progressive in one way that much of mainstream US politics is not: it has among its most vocal members not spokesmen but spokeswomen. Michelle Bachmann, Sarah Palin, Governor Nikki Haley, US Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers, and many others are all prominent figureheads for the fiery and prominent political movement…
Faith and the Free Market: Evangelicals, the Tea Party, and Economic Attitudes
We argue that concerted efforts by Tea Party leaders, Republican politicians, and leading Christian Right figures to establish and promote a connection between Christian faith and the free-market system has helped shift the economic attitudes of white evangelical Protestants in a more conservative direction. Our analysis of Public Religion Research Institute survey data finds that white evangelical Protestants express greater skepticism about an …
Legacy of Rediscovering the Religious Factor in American Politics
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Response to Jeffrey R. Dudas’s review of Tea Party Women: Mama Grizzlies, Grassroots Leaders, and the Changing Face of the American Right
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Civility, gender, and gendered nationalism in the age of Trump
Using an original national survey, I examine the impact of gender on attitudes about political civility two years into Donald Trump’s presidency. I find that women have less tolerance for uncivil behavior than men, although Republican women express the lowest tolerance for incivility. Republican women are no less likely than Republican men to rate Trump’s behavior as uncivil – and are much less likely to do so than Democratic women or men. While …
Gen Z, Gender, and Covid-19
Using a national survey of Generation Z conducted in late May 2020, we measure attitudes about the impact of the coronavirus on personal health, financial and job concerns, views about shelter-in-place laws, and 2020 voting intentions. Gen Z women express greater health and economic concerns and support for shelter-in-place measures than their male counterparts, but this gender gap is largely mitigated by party and other covariates. Party also me…
New voters, new attitudes: How Gen Z Americans rate candidates with respect to generation, gender, and race
A vast literature discusses the barriers to minority and women representation in politics. We examine whether the youngest generation of Americans, Generation Z, penalizes women and minority candidates. Gen Z has come of age when matters of race and gender have come to the forefront of American politics. Simultaneously, the slate of candidates being offered has grown younger, more diverse, and increasingly female. We investigate the ways in which…
Gendered Nationalism and the 2016 US Presidential Election: How Party, Class, and Beliefs about Masculinity Shaped Voting Behavior
We examine which Americans were likely to believe that American society has grown “too soft and feminine,” a concept we have characterized as gendered nationalism, and how such gendered nationalist attitudes influenced voting behavior in the 2016 presidential race. Our analysis shows that party, gender, education, and class shaped attitudes about gendered nationalism: Republicans, men, and members of the working class were more likely to support …
Gendered Nationalism and the 2016 US Presidential Election: How Party, Class, and Beliefs about Masculinity Shaped Voting Behavior – Erratum
Did sexism drive Latino support for Trump? Latinx, sexism, and presidential vote choice
Background While the “machismo” media narrative explaining Donald Trump's electoral support among Latinxs has some intuitive appeal, the relative dearth of scholarship on the influence of sexism on Latinx political attitudes precludes critical evaluation of this claim. Objective This study aims to determine whether Latinxs exhibit more sexist attitudes, compared to other racial/ethnic groups and whether sexism has a differential impact on Latinx …
Abortion, religion, and racial resentment: Unpacking the underpinnings of contemporary abortion attitudes
Background For many Americans, pro‐life attitudes are directly attached to their religious beliefs, especially white evangelicals. Some have argued that evangelicals came to oppose abortion not simply because of their views on the sanctity of life, but out of a growing racial resentment as government policy and society moved towards greater racial equality. Objectives This study explores the relationship of evangelicalism, racial attitudes, and v…
Uninspired by Old White Guys: The Mobilizing Factor of Younger, More Diverse Candidates for Gen Z Women
American political activism has surged recently among young citizens, particularly among women and people of color. At the same time, record numbers of women and minority candidates have been running for office. Does seeing more diverse candidates in terms of age, gender, and race propel more interest in political engagement among Generation Z, particularly women? Using a survey experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey of Generat…
Deceptively Stable? How the Stability of Aggregate Abortion Attitudes Conceals Partisan Induced Shifts
The 2022 Dobbs decision, striking down constitutional protection for abortion, sent shockwaves through the American political system. For the 50 years prior, however, public opinion on abortion was distinctive for its stability, with almost the same percent of Americans supporting legal abortion in the twenty-first century as in the 1970s. This stasis persisted during a period of dramatic change in the political landscape. We employ General Socia…
Political science (24 works) · Law (22 works) · Politics (22 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Gender Studies (13 works) · Gender Politics and Representation (12 works) · Law (12 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (10 works) · American Constitutional Law and Politics (9 works) · Psychology (9 works)