A N Mazurkevich
Biographic Data
| ID | 31593 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A N Mazurkevich |
| GIVEN NAMES | A N |
| FAMILY NAME | Mazurkevich |
| SIGNATURE | MAZURKEVICH A N |
| AFFILIATIONS | State Hermitage Museum |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1394-1814 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 54 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Early Neolithic flint industries of the Dnieper-Dvina basin
This article is devoted to the results of research into lithic industries found at early Neolithic sites in the Dnieper-Dvina basin and their correlation with the ceramic traditions of the 6th – early 5th millennium BC identified here. The latter reflected the multiple waves of penetration to this territory by groups of hunter-gatherers representing different cultural traditions. A comparison was made of pure complexes, within which it was possib…
Coprolites as paleoarchives for the study of hunter-fisher-gatherer groups (Dnieper-Dvina region, 4-3rd mill BC)
Mesolithic-Neolithic Multi-layer Wetland Complex Serteya II
Changes in the ecosystem may be an important factor influencing the evolution of ancient communities. Wetland sites are among the most valuable “natural archives” for ancient history and environmental change reconstruction. Multidisciplinary research at the Serteya II site, located in the Dnieper-Dvina basin, allowed revealing the sequence of historical and natural events from 8,000 to 3,000 BC based on “natural archives”. The paleolandscape was …
Ceramic complex of the Lower Don culture on the Rakushechny Yar site (layer 5, excavation I of T.D. Belanovskaya)
The Rakushechny Yar site is one of the few stratified reference settlements for the steppe zone of the Azov-Black Sea region with Neolithic-Eneolithic layers (6–5 mill. BC). The layer 5 with Viviparus shells accumulation represents an important chronological record of the transition period from the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic. The ceramics, which is a reference for the Mariupol cultural-historical area, at Rakushechny Yar settlement was re…
The Late Weichselian/Holocene transition on the East European Plain
Few sites in the East European Plain have yielded detailed multi-proxy data for the late Weichselian to Holocene transition. This paper provides a comprehensive palaeobotanical analysis of the lower part of a core of biogenic deposits from the Serteya Mire in the western part of the East European Plain (Western Russia). The studied reservoir, is located in a kettle hole and is dated to the Allerød, as confirmed by radiocarbon dating of the basal …
Pile dwellings on lacustrine sites of the 4th-3rd millennium BC in the Dnieper-Dvina interfluve
The tradition of lacustrine pile dwellings, which appeared in the second half of the 4th millennium BC and existed throughout the 3rd millennium BC in the Dnieper-Dvina basin, represents a unique cultural phenomenon for the territory of Eastern Europe. In the Dnieper-Dvina interfluve, the most fully investigated sites are Usvyaty IV and Serteya II, which allow reconstruction of the structure and features of pile buildings. In this paper, we attem…
Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting intense slope processes in Eastern Europe during the Modern Period
Detailed palaeogeographical studies of the accumulative fan in the Serteyka River valley in W Russia and underlying biogenic deposits were carried out. The base of a representative core of biogenic sediments in the distal zone is dated to 1291 BC, while its top to 1631 AD. In this paper, palynological, plant macrofossils, Chironomide and Cladocera, geochemical, geochronological and sedimentological analysis were performed. Four phases of biogenic…
An Early Neolithic Bone and Antler Industry of Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don
The Early Neolithic site of Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don evidences successive peopling of the coastal zone in the 6th millennium BC. Analysis of faunal remains, toolkit, and limited technological contexts suggest seasonal orientation of the site shown at least at the early stages. We present the results of the analysis of the Early Neolithic bone tools from Rakushechny Yar layers 23–11 of excavation I, and assess their place in the context of…
Neolithic/Neo-Eneolithic Geometric Microliths of Rakushechny Yar Site
Geometric microliths were found at various Mesolithic-Neolithic sites of the Pontic-Caspian region. The research of Rakushechny Yar settlement allowed us to reveal stable series of geometrical microliths originating from the excavations I and II of T.D.Belanovskaya and obtained in the course of recent research. The production technology of geometric microliths has a number of common features in raw material selection, determined by the limited av…
Early Neolithic bone, antler and teeth artefacts from the Rakushechny Yar site (based on the materials of new excavations)
The Rakushechny Yar site is a multi-layered stratified floodplain settlement, where the Early Neolithic complexes dated to the middle of the 6th millennium BC were uncovered. This article represents analysis of bone, antler and teeth items from the shore zone of the Rakushechny Yar settlement investigated by the State Hermitage Museum expedition, which date back to 5720-5520 BC. The studied collection includes 96 objects made of bones, teeth, ant…
An Early Neolithic Bone and Antler Industry of Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don
На ранненеолитическом памятнике Ракушечный Яр (Нижнее Подонье) были найдены свидетельства последовательного заселения прибрежной зоны в VI тыс. до н.э. Анализ фаунистических остатков, специфический орудийный набор, ограниченные технологические контексты позволили сделать заключение о сезонном узконаправленном характере стоянки на ранних этапах ее существования. В статье представлены результаты изучения костяных изделий из слоев 23-11 раскопа I на…
Human and birds
The paper presents the study of avifauna from the hunter-gatherer sites at the Dnieper-Dvina basin spanning time period from the 6th to 3rd millennia BC. A total of 669 bird bones were identified and attributed to 46 different bird taxa, representing resident and migrant birds. They belong to four habitat groups: waterfowl, forest, woodside and meadow-steppe. The dominance of waterfowl birds follows the common strategy of aquatic resources exploi…
A deep history within a small wetland
The transition to the Neolithic on the East European Plain was a very different process to the Western model, featuring a long-lasting hunter-gatherer economy and late introduction of agriculture. The authors present results from multiproxy research on a 13.5m-deep core of organic deposits from the Serteya mire as part of an international research project to understand human-environment relations in the Western Dvina Lakeland
New Data on the Chronology and Stratigraphy of the Rakushechny Yar Site
Rakushechny Yar site, located in the Lower Don basin, is a multilayered floodplain settlement with a series of buried soils, where Neolithic-Eneolithic and Bronze Age cultural layers have been investigated. Dates with a wide calibration interval for materials from excavation # 1 obtained from total organic content of ceramics, food crust, and charcoal previously demonstrated the length of the Early Neolithic period ranging from the mid 7th millen…
The End of the Earliest Ceramic Traditions
The Dnieper-Dvina area is one of the regions in Eastern Europe which was part of a wider network of the earliest ceramic traditions, spread in the first half to the middle of the 6th millennium BC. After the collapse of this network new ceramic complexes appeared here, called the Rudnya culture, and at the end of the 6th millennium BC this manifested in changes in the directions of cultural connections. This region became part of the cultural spa…
The transmission of pottery technology among prehistoric European hunter-gatherers
Human history has been shaped by global dispersals of technologies, although understanding of what enabled these processes is limited. Here, we explore the behavioural mechanisms that led to the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer communities in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Through radiocarbon dating, we propose this dispersal occurred at a far faster rate than previously thought. Chemical characterization of organic residues shows that…
Pile Dwellings in the Circum-Baltic Area
The phenomenon of northern pile dwellings has been found in different geographical zones and landscapes of the Circum-Baltic region: in sea landscapes and on the shores of inland lakes and rivers. Inland sites were established in specific lacustrine landscapes, appearing within former post-glacial basins. The pile dwellings revealed here are characterized by different types of wooden buildings, including structures with raised floors. They are da…
The palaeoenvironment and settlement history of a lakeshore setting
First contribution of paleoparasitology to the study of coprolites from the Neolithic site Serteya II (NW Russia)
Small peatland with a big story
Peatlands are important records of past environmental changes. Based on a multiproxy analysis, the main factors influencing the evolution of a peatland can be divided into autogenic and allogenic. Among the important allogenic factors, apart from climate change, are deforestation and drainage, which are directly associated with human impact. Numerous consequences arise from these processes, the most important of which are physical and chemical de…
Neolithic farmers or Neolithic foragers? Organic residue analysis of early pottery from Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don (Russia)
The emergence of pottery in Europe is associated with two distinct traditions: hunter-gatherers in the east of the continent during the early 6th millennium BC and early agricultural communities in the south-west in the late 7th millennium BC. Here we investigate the function of pottery from the site of Rakushechny Yar, located at the Southern fringe of Eastern Europe, in this putative contact zone between these two economic 'worlds'. To investig…
Disturbance and resilience of a Sphagnum peatland in western Russia (Western Dvina Lakeland) during the last 300 years
This paper presents the results of multiproxy research (pollen, charcoal, plant macrofossil and testate amoebae) on the biogenic deposits core from Gorodetsky Moch, an ombrotrophic peatland in western Russia (Western Dvina Lakeland). We reconstructed the impact of disturbance on peatland development in the last 300 years by using chronology of the records based on 14 C and 210 Pb data set. The multiproxy reconstruction was compared with changes i…
On the border between land and water
The paper presents the results of a palaeoecological study of Neolithic archaeological layers from a wetland, multilayer site, Serteya II (Western Russia). It contains, domestic structures, rich organic artefacts, skeletons, and ecofacts preserved within lacustrine deposits that are extremely important on a European scale. We employed a set of specialised palaeoecological analyses and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating to identify t…
Preliminary results of an investigation of a single Barrow near the village of Serteya (Smolensk region)
A single burial mound is located on the right bank of the Serteyka River (north-western Russia). It was discovered by E.A. Schmidt in 1951 and is attributed to the Old Russian Period. New researches on the burial mound conducted in 2013 and 2014 have uncovered several diachronic constructions. The first stage was connected to a flint knapping site, which was located on a natural ele- vation. It can be attributed to the 6th millennium BC on the ba…
Chronological timeframes of cultural changes in the Dnepr-Dvina region (7th to 3rd millennium BC)
Since the 1960s, more than 250 radiocarbon dates have been obtained for materials in the Upper Western Dvina area, which cover a timeframe from the 7th to the 1st millennium BC. Radiocarbon dates for materials of the Dnepr-Dvina area date the appearance and decline of various cultural traditions – from the formation of the most ancient pottery among hunter-gatherer communities until the appearance of the first stock-breeders in the forest zone,…
Neolithic farmers or Neolithic foragers? Organic residue analysis of early pottery from Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don (Russia)
The emergence of pottery in Europe is associated with two distinct traditions: hunter-gatherers in the east of the continent during the early 6th millennium BC and early agricultural communities in the south-west in the late 7th millennium BC. Here we investigate the function of pottery from the site of Rakushechny Yar, located at the Southern fringe of Eastern Europe, in this putative contact zone between these two economic 'worlds'. To investig…
The oldest pottery in hunter-gatherer communitiesand models of Neolithisation of Eastern Europe
The characteristics of the oldest pottery in Eastern Europe, located in three main regions, the Lower Don and Lower and Middle Volga, and a description of different Early Neolithic types of pottery production are described in this article. We present ideas on how and when the oldest pottery traditions were distributed through Eastern Europe according to radiocarbon dates. Also, models of the Neolithisation of Eastern Europe are suggested based on…
The transmission of pottery technology among prehistoric European hunter-gatherers
Human history has been shaped by global dispersals of technologies, although understanding of what enabled these processes is limited. Here, we explore the behavioural mechanisms that led to the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer communities in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Through radiocarbon dating, we propose this dispersal occurred at a far faster rate than previously thought. Chemical characterization of organic residues shows that…
On the border between land and water
The paper presents the results of a palaeoecological study of Neolithic archaeological layers from a wetland, multilayer site, Serteya II (Western Russia). It contains, domestic structures, rich organic artefacts, skeletons, and ecofacts preserved within lacustrine deposits that are extremely important on a European scale. We employed a set of specialised palaeoecological analyses and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating to identify t…
Disturbance and resilience of a Sphagnum peatland in western Russia (Western Dvina Lakeland) during the last 300 years
This paper presents the results of multiproxy research (pollen, charcoal, plant macrofossil and testate amoebae) on the biogenic deposits core from Gorodetsky Moch, an ombrotrophic peatland in western Russia (Western Dvina Lakeland). We reconstructed the impact of disturbance on peatland development in the last 300 years by using chronology of the records based on 14 C and 210 Pb data set. The multiproxy reconstruction was compared with changes i…
First contribution of paleoparasitology to the study of coprolites from the Neolithic site Serteya II (NW Russia)
The Holocene Environment and Transition to Agriculture in Boreal Russia (Serteya Valley Case Study)
This article outlines the results of one of the aspects of a multidisciplinary project currently conducted in the upper part of the basin of the Western Dvina River in North-Western Russia. The project was targeted at prehistoric lake dwelling sites in the valley of Serteya River, a small tributary of the Western Dvina, and aimed at the precise dating of the initial transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture in that area. The methods used i…
The palaeoenvironment and settlement history of a lakeshore setting
Small peatland with a big story
Peatlands are important records of past environmental changes. Based on a multiproxy analysis, the main factors influencing the evolution of a peatland can be divided into autogenic and allogenic. Among the important allogenic factors, apart from climate change, are deforestation and drainage, which are directly associated with human impact. Numerous consequences arise from these processes, the most important of which are physical and chemical de…
Paste recipes and raw material sources for pottery-making in hunter-gatherer communities in the forest zone of Eastern Europe (Dnepr-Dvina region, 7–6th millennia BC)
Сhronology of early Neolithic materials of the site Sakhtysh IIa (Central Russia)
The Upper Volga culture (UVC) in the Volga and Oka basin is one of the earliest pottery cultures in Eastern Europe. The Sakhtysh IIa site is attributed to the core area of the UVC, with pottery encompassing all stages of this culture. A detailed analysis of artefact deposition in different layers allows the creation of chronological models of early pottery development in this region. A series of new radiocarbon dates of food crust on pottery she…
Radiocarbon chronology of Neolithic in the Lower Don and North-eastern Azov Sea
So far, four different cultural-chronological groups of sites have been identified in the North-eastern Azov Sea and Lower Don River areas, including sites of the Rakushechny Yar culture, Matveev Kurgan culture, Donets culture, and sites of the Caspian-Ciscaucasian region. An analysis of all known dates, as well as the contexts and stratigraphies of the sites, allowed us to form a new perspective of the chronology of southern Russia, to revise th…
The 8200 calBP climate event and the spread of the Neolithic in Eastern Europe
At 8200 calBP, the beginning of the Atlantic period, there was a drastic change from warm and humid climatic conditions to cold conditions. The abrupt cooling at 8200 calBP has been documented in different parts of Europe. In western, and some parts of southern, Europe, this event was a trigger for new forms of economy and migrations of groups of Neolithic farmers. This paper considers the different ways in which ceramic traditions developed in e…
The Occupation History of the Region Between the Dvina and Lovat Rivers in Relation to the Dynamics of Environmental Change
We show how 14 C dating may be combined with palynological and paleogeographical research to correlate human occupation history with environmental change, focusing on archaeological sites in the Dvina–Lovat River region of Russia. Cultures in this region range from Early Neolithic to the Middle Ages, ca. 5500 bc–ad 100, based on calibrated 14 C ages. The dynamics of water basins in the region, related to climatic change, are one cause of populati…
The Holocene Environment and Transition to Agriculture in Boreal Russia (Serteya Valley Case Study)
This article outlines the results of one of the aspects of a multidisciplinary project currently conducted in the upper part of the basin of the Western Dvina River in North-Western Russia. The project was targeted at prehistoric lake dwelling sites in the valley of Serteya River, a small tributary of the Western Dvina, and aimed at the precise dating of the initial transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture in that area. The methods used i…
Climate, subsistence and human movements in the Western Dvina – Lovat River Basins
The 8200 calBP climate event and the spread of the Neolithic in Eastern Europe
At 8200 calBP, the beginning of the Atlantic period, there was a drastic change from warm and humid climatic conditions to cold conditions. The abrupt cooling at 8200 calBP has been documented in different parts of Europe. In western, and some parts of southern, Europe, this event was a trigger for new forms of economy and migrations of groups of Neolithic farmers. This paper considers the different ways in which ceramic traditions developed in e…
The oldest pottery in hunter-gatherer communitiesand models of Neolithisation of Eastern Europe
The characteristics of the oldest pottery in Eastern Europe, located in three main regions, the Lower Don and Lower and Middle Volga, and a description of different Early Neolithic types of pottery production are described in this article. We present ideas on how and when the oldest pottery traditions were distributed through Eastern Europe according to radiocarbon dates. Also, models of the Neolithisation of Eastern Europe are suggested based on…
Chronological timeframes of cultural changes in the Dnepr-Dvina region (7th to 3rd millennium BC)
Since the 1960s, more than 250 radiocarbon dates have been obtained for materials in the Upper Western Dvina area, which cover a timeframe from the 7th to the 1st millennium BC. Radiocarbon dates for materials of the Dnepr-Dvina area date the appearance and decline of various cultural traditions – from the formation of the most ancient pottery among hunter-gatherer communities until the appearance of the first stock-breeders in the forest zone,…
Paste recipes and raw material sources for pottery-making in hunter-gatherer communities in the forest zone of Eastern Europe (Dnepr-Dvina region, 7–6th millennia BC)
Introduction to the absolute chronology of Neolithic cultures in Eastern Europe
This paper is an introduction to the discussion of radiocarbon chronology of Neolithic cultures in Eastern Europe. It relates to a number of papers published in this volume
Сhronology of early Neolithic materials of the site Sakhtysh IIa (Central Russia)
The Upper Volga culture (UVC) in the Volga and Oka basin is one of the earliest pottery cultures in Eastern Europe. The Sakhtysh IIa site is attributed to the core area of the UVC, with pottery encompassing all stages of this culture. A detailed analysis of artefact deposition in different layers allows the creation of chronological models of early pottery development in this region. A series of new radiocarbon dates of food crust on pottery she…
Radiocarbon chronology of Neolithic in the Lower Don and North-eastern Azov Sea
So far, four different cultural-chronological groups of sites have been identified in the North-eastern Azov Sea and Lower Don River areas, including sites of the Rakushechny Yar culture, Matveev Kurgan culture, Donets culture, and sites of the Caspian-Ciscaucasian region. An analysis of all known dates, as well as the contexts and stratigraphies of the sites, allowed us to form a new perspective of the chronology of southern Russia, to revise th…
Preliminary results of an investigation of a single Barrow near the village of Serteya (Smolensk region)
A single burial mound is located on the right bank of the Serteyka River (north-western Russia). It was discovered by E.A. Schmidt in 1951 and is attributed to the Old Russian Period. New researches on the burial mound conducted in 2013 and 2014 have uncovered several diachronic constructions. The first stage was connected to a flint knapping site, which was located on a natural ele- vation. It can be attributed to the 6th millennium BC on the ba…
Disturbance and resilience of a Sphagnum peatland in western Russia (Western Dvina Lakeland) during the last 300 years
This paper presents the results of multiproxy research (pollen, charcoal, plant macrofossil and testate amoebae) on the biogenic deposits core from Gorodetsky Moch, an ombrotrophic peatland in western Russia (Western Dvina Lakeland). We reconstructed the impact of disturbance on peatland development in the last 300 years by using chronology of the records based on 14 C and 210 Pb data set. The multiproxy reconstruction was compared with changes i…
On the border between land and water
The paper presents the results of a palaeoecological study of Neolithic archaeological layers from a wetland, multilayer site, Serteya II (Western Russia). It contains, domestic structures, rich organic artefacts, skeletons, and ecofacts preserved within lacustrine deposits that are extremely important on a European scale. We employed a set of specialised palaeoecological analyses and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating to identify t…
Pile Dwellings in the Circum-Baltic Area
The phenomenon of northern pile dwellings has been found in different geographical zones and landscapes of the Circum-Baltic region: in sea landscapes and on the shores of inland lakes and rivers. Inland sites were established in specific lacustrine landscapes, appearing within former post-glacial basins. The pile dwellings revealed here are characterized by different types of wooden buildings, including structures with raised floors. They are da…
The palaeoenvironment and settlement history of a lakeshore setting
First contribution of paleoparasitology to the study of coprolites from the Neolithic site Serteya II (NW Russia)
Small peatland with a big story
Peatlands are important records of past environmental changes. Based on a multiproxy analysis, the main factors influencing the evolution of a peatland can be divided into autogenic and allogenic. Among the important allogenic factors, apart from climate change, are deforestation and drainage, which are directly associated with human impact. Numerous consequences arise from these processes, the most important of which are physical and chemical de…
Neolithic farmers or Neolithic foragers? Organic residue analysis of early pottery from Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don (Russia)
The emergence of pottery in Europe is associated with two distinct traditions: hunter-gatherers in the east of the continent during the early 6th millennium BC and early agricultural communities in the south-west in the late 7th millennium BC. Here we investigate the function of pottery from the site of Rakushechny Yar, located at the Southern fringe of Eastern Europe, in this putative contact zone between these two economic 'worlds'. To investig…
New Data on the Chronology and Stratigraphy of the Rakushechny Yar Site
Rakushechny Yar site, located in the Lower Don basin, is a multilayered floodplain settlement with a series of buried soils, where Neolithic-Eneolithic and Bronze Age cultural layers have been investigated. Dates with a wide calibration interval for materials from excavation # 1 obtained from total organic content of ceramics, food crust, and charcoal previously demonstrated the length of the Early Neolithic period ranging from the mid 7th millen…
The End of the Earliest Ceramic Traditions
The Dnieper-Dvina area is one of the regions in Eastern Europe which was part of a wider network of the earliest ceramic traditions, spread in the first half to the middle of the 6th millennium BC. After the collapse of this network new ceramic complexes appeared here, called the Rudnya culture, and at the end of the 6th millennium BC this manifested in changes in the directions of cultural connections. This region became part of the cultural spa…
The transmission of pottery technology among prehistoric European hunter-gatherers
Human history has been shaped by global dispersals of technologies, although understanding of what enabled these processes is limited. Here, we explore the behavioural mechanisms that led to the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer communities in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Through radiocarbon dating, we propose this dispersal occurred at a far faster rate than previously thought. Chemical characterization of organic residues shows that…
An Early Neolithic Bone and Antler Industry of Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don
На ранненеолитическом памятнике Ракушечный Яр (Нижнее Подонье) были найдены свидетельства последовательного заселения прибрежной зоны в VI тыс. до н.э. Анализ фаунистических остатков, специфический орудийный набор, ограниченные технологические контексты позволили сделать заключение о сезонном узконаправленном характере стоянки на ранних этапах ее существования. В статье представлены результаты изучения костяных изделий из слоев 23-11 раскопа I на…
Human and birds
The paper presents the study of avifauna from the hunter-gatherer sites at the Dnieper-Dvina basin spanning time period from the 6th to 3rd millennia BC. A total of 669 bird bones were identified and attributed to 46 different bird taxa, representing resident and migrant birds. They belong to four habitat groups: waterfowl, forest, woodside and meadow-steppe. The dominance of waterfowl birds follows the common strategy of aquatic resources exploi…
A deep history within a small wetland
The transition to the Neolithic on the East European Plain was a very different process to the Western model, featuring a long-lasting hunter-gatherer economy and late introduction of agriculture. The authors present results from multiproxy research on a 13.5m-deep core of organic deposits from the Serteya mire as part of an international research project to understand human-environment relations in the Western Dvina Lakeland
Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting intense slope processes in Eastern Europe during the Modern Period
Detailed palaeogeographical studies of the accumulative fan in the Serteyka River valley in W Russia and underlying biogenic deposits were carried out. The base of a representative core of biogenic sediments in the distal zone is dated to 1291 BC, while its top to 1631 AD. In this paper, palynological, plant macrofossils, Chironomide and Cladocera, geochemical, geochronological and sedimentological analysis were performed. Four phases of biogenic…
Geography (27 works) · Archaeology (24 works) · Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (21 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (19 works) · Geology (13 works) · Marine and environmental studies (13 works) · Biology (10 works) · Radiocarbon dating (10 works) · Ecology (9 works) · History (9 works)