Lucian M Ashworth
Biographic Data
| ID | 317052 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lucian M Ashworth |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lucian M |
| FAMILY NAME | Ashworth |
| SIGNATURE | ASHWORTH L M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Memorial University of Newfoundland |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7468-2556 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 97 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Geopolitical Imaginations and Global Histories of International Thought: Adventures in Time and Space
Much is said today of geopolitics, but little is understood about its global intellectual history. Introducing this special issue, we map out an agenda for addressing this impasse, building on recent work by historians of geopolitical thought. We suggest that new histories of geopolitical thought have been obstructed by five persistent interpretative problems. These five problems have foreclosed new histories by framing geopolitics through powerf…
Forum on Barbara D. Savage’s Merze Tate: The Global Odyssey of a Black Woman Scholar
Merze Tate (1905–1996) was a prolific academic who taught in the fields of diplomatic history and International Relations (IR) at Howard University in Washington D.C. After training as a teacher, Tate acquired graduate degrees from Oxford (1935) and Harvard (1941) and became one of the few African American female professors of her generation. She published widely, not only on disarmament, but also on IR as a field and discipline, and the history …
Introduction: Duncan Bell’s Dreamworlds of Race—A Conversation
IR's Roads to Freedom: Rereading Jean-Paul Sartre's trilogy as an International Relations text
Jean-Paul Sartre's trilogy Roads to Freedom is written against the backdrop of the crises between 1938 and 1940 that led to war and the Fall of France. In this article I argue that Roads to Freedom can be read as an IR text, and I concentrate on four areas. First, a refocusing on the international relations of the everyday. Second, the anatomy of a crisis from an existentialist viewpoint that can enrich our understanding of crises. Third how the …
Mother of the Oceans: Maritime Governance as a Template for a New Global Order in the International Thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002)
This article explores the international thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002), a major figure in the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea negotiations and (later in her life) a professor at Dalhousie University. Borgese's analysis of the nature of the Ocean led her to see the emerging system of maritime governance as a template for wider global governance. The fluidity of the Ocean, she argued, blurred terrestrial certain…
Global governance in the Anthropocenes
This article adumbrates how we can re-envision global governance in the Anthropocene. The first section explores the plurality of Anthropocenes through an initial analysis of the Great Transformation since 1950. The second section focuses on what this means for global governance through insights from the history of international thought. The first insight comes from earlier works by the international functionalists, who emphasized process over go…
Warriors, pacifists and empires: Race and racism in international thought before 1914
Before 1914 scholars of international thought frequently relied on racist arguments, yet the ways that race was used varied widely from author to author. This article charts the way that race was used by two groups of Anglophone writers. The warriors used biological arguments to construct views of international affairs that relied on racist analysis. Pacifists might have used racist language that relied more on cultural prejudices, and would ofte…
Czechs and Germans in the twenty years’ crisis: Mackinder, Carr and Wiskemann on Central and Eastern Europe after the peace
A Forgotten Environmental International Relations: Derwent Whittlesey's International Thought
International relations (IR) has been criticized for its poor response to the challenges of the Anthropocene. Since the 1950s, IR, especially in its US form, was driven by immediate Cold War concerns of security and relations between great powers. Yet, this IR of the later twentieth century superseded a more materialist IR that had flourished in the first half of the century. Derwent Whittlesey's political geography, which was one aspect of this …
Introduction: Why read Reinhold Niebuhr now
Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971) is perhaps the best known North American theologian of the twentieth century. Over the course of his life he was a Christian socialist, pacifist, a staunch anti-communist, and an architect of vital-centre liberalism. Niebuhr wrote on themes as diverse as war, democracy, world order, political economy and race. So significant was Niebuhr’s intellectual influence that George Kennan once described him as ‘the father of u…
Re-reading Niebuhr’s The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness: The crisis of democracy in an interdependent world then and now
Reinhold Niebuhr’s The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness is one of the key English-language texts in the post-war settlement literature of the early 1940s. This article analyses the book on three interconnected levels: the nature of the argument made by Niebuhr in the book, its place in the broader post-war settlement literature of the early 1940s, and its relevance to the current problems of right-wing populism and the climate crisi…
Of global war and global futures. Rereading the 1940s with the help of Rosenboim and Barkawi
Masculinity and the Fear of Emasculation in International Relations Theory
This chapter examines the classical debate between conservatism and liberalism from a gendered perspective. Traditionally, gender has been seen as a physical, unchanging attribute. Physical properties unique to a particular sex were meant to produce different gender properties. Fractures within masculinity have played a crucial part in defining the relationships between the two orthodox paradigms in international relations (IR): namely realism an…
Chronicle of a Death Foretold? The 1953–4 CFR Study Group Meeting and the Decline of International Thought
The CFR Study Group on International Theory of 1953–4 falls in the middle of an unusual period in IR history, and it thus serves as an interesting mid-term vignette for understanding many of the wider processes going on in American IR. The standard reading of this period of the high Cold War sees it as the triumph of a classical realism and even the birth of the field of IR itself. Here, I suggest another way to read it. By looking at the group n…
David Mitrany on the international anarchy. A lost work of classical realism
Although David Mitrany’s international thought is not usually associated with the concept of the international anarchy, I argue that his analysis actually compares two forms of anarchical order. The first form is the order associated with the relations between states, while the second is his functional alternative to this order. The functional approach is anarchical in the sense that it remains an order without an orderer. In first analysing the …
Taking narratives seriously… taking history seriously
"Taking narratives seriously... taking history seriously?." Critical Studies on Security, 3(3), pp. 321–322
Mapping a New World: Geography and the Interwar Study of International Relations
Before 1950, International Relations (IR) was a thoroughly interdisciplinary field. Geographers played a key role in the early development of IR, although they are now little known within the discipline that they helped to found. This article explores the pioneering work of three geographers in IR—Isaiah Bowman, Halford J. Mackinder and Derwent Whittlesey—and sets out to reclaim a lost chapter in the history of IR that questions the tendency to r…
The Poverty of Paradigms: Subcultures, Trading Zones and the Case of Liberal Socialism in Interwar International Relations
In a recent article in International Affairs Duncan Bell argued that the work of Peter Galison in the history of science could be usefully applied to the study of the history of International Relations (IR). In this article I take up Bell's challenge, claiming that Galison's post-Kuhnian history of science approach can be used both to understand the history of IR and to replace the ultimately confusing notion of 'paradigm' in the study of IR theo…
Feminism, War and the Prospects for Peace: Helena Swanwick (1864–1939) and the Lost Feminists of Inter-War International Relations
It is generally accepted in IR that before the 1980s there was little or no feminist theory in IR. Yet, there were feminists in IR prior to the 1940s who had their own particular take on global politics. This article seeks to reassess the ideas and impact of IR's first-wave feminism by concentrating on the works of one particular writer: Helena Swanwick. While not the only feminist writing on international affairs in the period, Swanwick is inter…
Realism and the spirit of 1919: Halford Mackinder, geopolitics and the reality of the League of Nations
Recent analyses of interwar International Relations (IR) have argued that there was no realist–idealist debate, and that there is no evidence of a distinct idealist paradigm. Less work has been done on realism in the interwar period. This article analyses the thought of one particular early 20th-century realist: Halford J. Mackinder. A product of the development of political geography, and a major influence on American strategic studies, Mackinde…
Torture as public policy: Restoring US credibility on the world stage
by James P. Pfiffner, Boulder, CO, Paradigm, 2010, 210 pp., $18.66 (paperback), ISBN 978‐1‐59451‐509‐5, $79.05 (hardback), ISBN 978‐1‐59451‐508‐8 The crude barbarian and the dictator is [sic] only
Commonwealth perspectives on International Relations
The parallel development of the inter- and non-governmental Commonwealths on the one hand and the field of International Relations and its oldest journal, The Round Table, on the other, should not go unnoticed at the start of the second decade of the century. This article suggests that the Commonwealth nexus has always constituted a distinctive perspective and debate in both the metropole and the rest of the Commonwealth's expanding official and …
Interdisciplinarity and International Relations
The history of interdisciplinarity in international relations (IR) is not a simple narrative. Initially a transdisciplinary meeting place for scholars from many disciplines, IR developed after the 1940s into a closed sub-discipline of political science, and only after 1980 did it once again engage with other disciplines in a sustained way. This article traces these ‘three ages’ of IR, and concludes with a case study of the emerging historiography…
Rethinking a Socialist Foreign Policy: The British Labour Party and International Relations Experts, 1918 to 1931
Between 1918 and 1929 the British Labour Party, working in conjunction with many of the top names in International Relations (IR), developed a coherent foreign policy centered around reforming the international system. This was a major policy change for a political party that, up until then, had concentrated on domestic social and political issues. The construction of Labour's interwar foreign policy was part of a wider intellectual revolution th…
Human emotions: A sociological theory by Jonathan H. Turner | Radical democracy: politics between abundance and lack by Lasse Thomassen and Lars T⊘nder, eds | Aversive democracy: inheritance and origi…
TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields
Mapping a New World: Geography and the Interwar Study of International Relations
Before 1950, International Relations (IR) was a thoroughly interdisciplinary field. Geographers played a key role in the early development of IR, although they are now little known within the discipline that they helped to found. This article explores the pioneering work of three geographers in IR—Isaiah Bowman, Halford J. Mackinder and Derwent Whittlesey—and sets out to reclaim a lost chapter in the history of IR that questions the tendency to r…
Did the Realist-Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? a Revisionist History of International Relations
In the history of international relations, no single idea has been more influential than the notion that there was a `great debate' in the 1920s and 1930s between the advocates of idealism and the champions of realism. In reality, there was never a single `great debate' but rather a multiplicity of discussions which revolved around at least three big questions: does capitalism lead to war; what are the most effective ways of dealing with totalita…
Where are the idealists in interwar International Relations
International Relations (IR) textbooks often make reference to an idealist paradigm in interwar IR. This article argues that an idealist paradigm did not exist, and that interwar references to idealism or utopianism are contradictory and have little to do with defining a paradigm. Not only is there no idealist paradigm in IR at this time, but authors from the interwar period that have since been dismissed as idealists rarely share the attributes …
Feminism, War and the Prospects for Peace: Helena Swanwick (1864–1939) and the Lost Feminists of Inter-War International Relations
It is generally accepted in IR that before the 1980s there was little or no feminist theory in IR. Yet, there were feminists in IR prior to the 1940s who had their own particular take on global politics. This article seeks to reassess the ideas and impact of IR's first-wave feminism by concentrating on the works of one particular writer: Helena Swanwick. While not the only feminist writing on international affairs in the period, Swanwick is inter…
Interdisciplinarity and International Relations
The history of interdisciplinarity in international relations (IR) is not a simple narrative. Initially a transdisciplinary meeting place for scholars from many disciplines, IR developed after the 1940s into a closed sub-discipline of political science, and only after 1980 did it once again engage with other disciplines in a sustained way. This article traces these ‘three ages’ of IR, and concludes with a case study of the emerging historiography…
David Mitrany on the international anarchy. A lost work of classical realism
Although David Mitrany’s international thought is not usually associated with the concept of the international anarchy, I argue that his analysis actually compares two forms of anarchical order. The first form is the order associated with the relations between states, while the second is his functional alternative to this order. The functional approach is anarchical in the sense that it remains an order without an orderer. In first analysing the …
A Forgotten Environmental International Relations: Derwent Whittlesey's International Thought
International relations (IR) has been criticized for its poor response to the challenges of the Anthropocene. Since the 1950s, IR, especially in its US form, was driven by immediate Cold War concerns of security and relations between great powers. Yet, this IR of the later twentieth century superseded a more materialist IR that had flourished in the first half of the century. Derwent Whittlesey's political geography, which was one aspect of this …
Realism and the spirit of 1919: Halford Mackinder, geopolitics and the reality of the League of Nations
Recent analyses of interwar International Relations (IR) have argued that there was no realist–idealist debate, and that there is no evidence of a distinct idealist paradigm. Less work has been done on realism in the interwar period. This article analyses the thought of one particular early 20th-century realist: Halford J. Mackinder. A product of the development of political geography, and a major influence on American strategic studies, Mackinde…
Chronicle of a Death Foretold? The 1953–4 CFR Study Group Meeting and the Decline of International Thought
The CFR Study Group on International Theory of 1953–4 falls in the middle of an unusual period in IR history, and it thus serves as an interesting mid-term vignette for understanding many of the wider processes going on in American IR. The standard reading of this period of the high Cold War sees it as the triumph of a classical realism and even the birth of the field of IR itself. Here, I suggest another way to read it. By looking at the group n…
The Poverty of Paradigms: Subcultures, Trading Zones and the Case of Liberal Socialism in Interwar International Relations
In a recent article in International Affairs Duncan Bell argued that the work of Peter Galison in the history of science could be usefully applied to the study of the history of International Relations (IR). In this article I take up Bell's challenge, claiming that Galison's post-Kuhnian history of science approach can be used both to understand the history of IR and to replace the ultimately confusing notion of 'paradigm' in the study of IR theo…
New Perspectives on International Functionalism
Mother of the Oceans: Maritime Governance as a Template for a New Global Order in the International Thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002)
This article explores the international thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002), a major figure in the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea negotiations and (later in her life) a professor at Dalhousie University. Borgese's analysis of the nature of the Ocean led her to see the emerging system of maritime governance as a template for wider global governance. The fluidity of the Ocean, she argued, blurred terrestrial certain…
Warriors, pacifists and empires: Race and racism in international thought before 1914
Before 1914 scholars of international thought frequently relied on racist arguments, yet the ways that race was used varied widely from author to author. This article charts the way that race was used by two groups of Anglophone writers. The warriors used biological arguments to construct views of international affairs that relied on racist analysis. Pacifists might have used racist language that relied more on cultural prejudices, and would ofte…
Re-reading Niebuhr’s The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness: The crisis of democracy in an interdependent world then and now
Reinhold Niebuhr’s The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness is one of the key English-language texts in the post-war settlement literature of the early 1940s. This article analyses the book on three interconnected levels: the nature of the argument made by Niebuhr in the book, its place in the broader post-war settlement literature of the early 1940s, and its relevance to the current problems of right-wing populism and the climate crisi…
Commonwealth perspectives on International Relations
The parallel development of the inter- and non-governmental Commonwealths on the one hand and the field of International Relations and its oldest journal, The Round Table, on the other, should not go unnoticed at the start of the second decade of the century. This article suggests that the Commonwealth nexus has always constituted a distinctive perspective and debate in both the metropole and the rest of the Commonwealth's expanding official and …
Cities, Ethnicity and Insurgent Warfare in the Hellenic World
(1996). Cities, Ethnicity and Insurgent Warfare in the Hellenic World. War & Society: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 1-19
Bibliographie/reviews
DUMON, W. and NEULANT, T., European Observatory on National Family Policies: Trends and Developments in 1992. Technical Annex, Brussels, Directorate General for Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs, Commission of the European Communities, 1994, 142 p. HALL, S., Nationality, Migration Rights and Citizenship of the Union, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1995, 214 p. MARTIN, S. (ed.), The Construction of Europe: Essays in Honour of Emile…
Cities, Ethnicity and Insurgent Warfare in the Hellenic World
Cities, Ethnicity and Insurgent Warfare in the Hellenic World
(1996). Cities, Ethnicity and Insurgent Warfare in the Hellenic World. War & Society: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 1-19
Bibliographie/Reviews
Information Technology Law Group/Europe, European Computer Law, Irvington‐on‐Hudson, NY, Transnational Juris Publications Inc., pages numbered within sections in a looseleaf binder. Jones, R.A., The Politics and Economics of the European Union, Edward Elgar, 1996, xviii + 322 p. Lager, C., L'Europe en quête de ses symboles, Euro Études et Documents, Berne, Peter Lang, 1995, 129 p. Leslie, P.M., The Maastricht Model: A Canadian Perspective on the …
New Perspectives on International Functionalism
Did the Realist-Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? a Revisionist History of International Relations
In the history of international relations, no single idea has been more influential than the notion that there was a `great debate' in the 1920s and 1930s between the advocates of idealism and the champions of realism. In reality, there was never a single `great debate' but rather a multiplicity of discussions which revolved around at least three big questions: does capitalism lead to war; what are the most effective ways of dealing with totalita…
Where are the idealists in interwar International Relations
International Relations (IR) textbooks often make reference to an idealist paradigm in interwar IR. This article argues that an idealist paradigm did not exist, and that interwar references to idealism or utopianism are contradictory and have little to do with defining a paradigm. Not only is there no idealist paradigm in IR at this time, but authors from the interwar period that have since been dismissed as idealists rarely share the attributes …
Whose Commonwealth? Responses to Krishnan Srinivasan's The Rise, Decline and Future of the British Commonwealth
Krishnan Srinivasan's provocative book The Rise, Decline and Future of the British Commonwealth is the first full-length study of the Commonwealth for some years. The Round Table invited five leading Commonwealth scholars and activisits to respond from varying perspectives. They find the book stimulating and irritating in equal measure. The debate is set to continue
International Relations and the Labour Party: Intellectuals and Policy Making from 1918-1945
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Inter-War International Relations and the Rise of the Labour Party The problem with idealism Labour's great transformation. The Party in 1918 The Labour Party Advisory Committee on International Questions Chapter 2: Losing the Peace? 1918 to 1921 H. N. Brailsford Opposition to the peace treaties Criticisms of the League of Nations French imperialism and the renewal of the international anarchy The democratisation of f…
Human emotions: A sociological theory by Jonathan H. Turner | Radical democracy: politics between abundance and lack by Lasse Thomassen and Lars T⊘nder, eds | Aversive democracy: inheritance and origi…
TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields
Interdisciplinarity and International Relations
The history of interdisciplinarity in international relations (IR) is not a simple narrative. Initially a transdisciplinary meeting place for scholars from many disciplines, IR developed after the 1940s into a closed sub-discipline of political science, and only after 1980 did it once again engage with other disciplines in a sustained way. This article traces these ‘three ages’ of IR, and concludes with a case study of the emerging historiography…
Rethinking a Socialist Foreign Policy: The British Labour Party and International Relations Experts, 1918 to 1931
Between 1918 and 1929 the British Labour Party, working in conjunction with many of the top names in International Relations (IR), developed a coherent foreign policy centered around reforming the international system. This was a major policy change for a political party that, up until then, had concentrated on domestic social and political issues. The construction of Labour's interwar foreign policy was part of a wider intellectual revolution th…
Torture as public policy: Restoring US credibility on the world stage
by James P. Pfiffner, Boulder, CO, Paradigm, 2010, 210 pp., $18.66 (paperback), ISBN 978‐1‐59451‐509‐5, $79.05 (hardback), ISBN 978‐1‐59451‐508‐8 The crude barbarian and the dictator is [sic] only
Commonwealth perspectives on International Relations
The parallel development of the inter- and non-governmental Commonwealths on the one hand and the field of International Relations and its oldest journal, The Round Table, on the other, should not go unnoticed at the start of the second decade of the century. This article suggests that the Commonwealth nexus has always constituted a distinctive perspective and debate in both the metropole and the rest of the Commonwealth's expanding official and …
Feminism, War and the Prospects for Peace: Helena Swanwick (1864–1939) and the Lost Feminists of Inter-War International Relations
It is generally accepted in IR that before the 1980s there was little or no feminist theory in IR. Yet, there were feminists in IR prior to the 1940s who had their own particular take on global politics. This article seeks to reassess the ideas and impact of IR's first-wave feminism by concentrating on the works of one particular writer: Helena Swanwick. While not the only feminist writing on international affairs in the period, Swanwick is inter…
Realism and the spirit of 1919: Halford Mackinder, geopolitics and the reality of the League of Nations
Recent analyses of interwar International Relations (IR) have argued that there was no realist–idealist debate, and that there is no evidence of a distinct idealist paradigm. Less work has been done on realism in the interwar period. This article analyses the thought of one particular early 20th-century realist: Halford J. Mackinder. A product of the development of political geography, and a major influence on American strategic studies, Mackinde…
The Poverty of Paradigms: Subcultures, Trading Zones and the Case of Liberal Socialism in Interwar International Relations
In a recent article in International Affairs Duncan Bell argued that the work of Peter Galison in the history of science could be usefully applied to the study of the history of International Relations (IR). In this article I take up Bell's challenge, claiming that Galison's post-Kuhnian history of science approach can be used both to understand the history of IR and to replace the ultimately confusing notion of 'paradigm' in the study of IR theo…
Mapping a New World: Geography and the Interwar Study of International Relations
Before 1950, International Relations (IR) was a thoroughly interdisciplinary field. Geographers played a key role in the early development of IR, although they are now little known within the discipline that they helped to found. This article explores the pioneering work of three geographers in IR—Isaiah Bowman, Halford J. Mackinder and Derwent Whittlesey—and sets out to reclaim a lost chapter in the history of IR that questions the tendency to r…
Taking narratives seriously… taking history seriously
"Taking narratives seriously... taking history seriously?." Critical Studies on Security, 3(3), pp. 321–322
David Mitrany on the international anarchy. A lost work of classical realism
Although David Mitrany’s international thought is not usually associated with the concept of the international anarchy, I argue that his analysis actually compares two forms of anarchical order. The first form is the order associated with the relations between states, while the second is his functional alternative to this order. The functional approach is anarchical in the sense that it remains an order without an orderer. In first analysing the …
Masculinity and the Fear of Emasculation in International Relations Theory
This chapter examines the classical debate between conservatism and liberalism from a gendered perspective. Traditionally, gender has been seen as a physical, unchanging attribute. Physical properties unique to a particular sex were meant to produce different gender properties. Fractures within masculinity have played a crucial part in defining the relationships between the two orthodox paradigms in international relations (IR): namely realism an…
Chronicle of a Death Foretold? The 1953–4 CFR Study Group Meeting and the Decline of International Thought
The CFR Study Group on International Theory of 1953–4 falls in the middle of an unusual period in IR history, and it thus serves as an interesting mid-term vignette for understanding many of the wider processes going on in American IR. The standard reading of this period of the high Cold War sees it as the triumph of a classical realism and even the birth of the field of IR itself. Here, I suggest another way to read it. By looking at the group n…
Introduction: Why read Reinhold Niebuhr now
Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971) is perhaps the best known North American theologian of the twentieth century. Over the course of his life he was a Christian socialist, pacifist, a staunch anti-communist, and an architect of vital-centre liberalism. Niebuhr wrote on themes as diverse as war, democracy, world order, political economy and race. So significant was Niebuhr’s intellectual influence that George Kennan once described him as ‘the father of u…
Re-reading Niebuhr’s The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness: The crisis of democracy in an interdependent world then and now
Reinhold Niebuhr’s The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness is one of the key English-language texts in the post-war settlement literature of the early 1940s. This article analyses the book on three interconnected levels: the nature of the argument made by Niebuhr in the book, its place in the broader post-war settlement literature of the early 1940s, and its relevance to the current problems of right-wing populism and the climate crisi…
Of global war and global futures. Rereading the 1940s with the help of Rosenboim and Barkawi
Political science (32 works) · Law (26 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Politics (25 works) · Law (23 works) · International relations (16 works) · Epistemology (13 works) · Philosophy (13 works) · History (11 works) · Philosophy (11 works)