Tomasz Żółtak
Biographic Data
| ID | 324882 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tomasz Żółtak |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tomasz |
| FAMILY NAME | Żółtak |
| SIGNATURE | ŻÓŁTAK T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Educational Research Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1354-4472 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 8 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 8 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Response Styles and Omitted Variable Bias. Detection and Mitigation
Challenges in Multilevel Modelling: Cross-Group Measurement Noninvariance and Measurement Errors. A Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Multilevel modelling (MM) is widely utilized in the social sciences, with over 20% of articles in leading sociological journals employing this technique. Despite its prevalence, few studies address whether the variables used in MM are invariant across groups or allow to construct reliable indicators. This study investigates the effects of both measurement noninvariance and random measurement error on MM using Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings…
All that glitters is not gold—Mixed early labour market outcomes of STEM graduates in Poland
The expansion of higher education resulted in a growing interest in post‐graduation labour market outcomes. Two conflicting narratives are present in the debate. The first focuses on the shortage of skills and the need for further expansion of the sector and seems to pertain mostly to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The second revolves around over‐education and mismatch leading to graduate unemployment or underemployment…
Why Measurement Invariance is Important in Comparative Research. A Response to Welzel et al. (2021)
Welzel et al. (2021) claim that non-invariance of instruments is inconclusive and inconsequential in the field for cross-cultural value measurement. In this response, we contend that several key arguments on which Welzel et al. (2021) base their critique of invariance testing are conceptually and statistically incorrect. First, Welzel et al. (2021) claim that value measurement follows a formative rather than reflective logic. Yet they do not prov…
Various reasons, various trajectories? Interrupted schooling among Polish upper secondary school students
The aim of the study was to assess the scale of various interrupted schooling trajectories among Polish youth, and to identify the differences and similarities between students following these trajectories and their reasons for interrupting education. In a dataset of 5,414 young Polish adults, we identified 343 (6.3%) learners who left upper-secondary school at least once and followed one of four interrupted schooling trajectories: school non-com…
Do Parties and Voters Counteract Quota Regulations? The Impact of Legislative Gender Quotas on Ballot Ranking and Preference Voting in Poland
This article investigates how the introduction of gender quotas affected female representation in an open-list proportional representation system. Based on the Polish parliamentary elections of 2005, 2007, 2011, and 2015, it attempts to explain the gap between the share of female candidates and the share of female legislators. The authors estimate changes in individual electoral chances using logistic regression. Subsequently, counterfactual reas…
How single-member districts are reinforcing local independents and strengthening mayors: On the electoral reform in Polish local government
In this article, we investigate whether the design of the electoral system used in the elections of local councils affects the position of national parties and their main competitors, local independent lists. We study the case of the electoral reform enacted recently in Poland which modified the rules of council elections by introducing the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system, quite rarely used in local elections. Using empirical evidence from the …
Why Do Non-partisans Challenge Parties in Local Politics? The (Extreme) Case of Poland
The article concentrates on recent successes of non-partisans (independents) in Polish local government. A majority of mayors and councillors remains unaffiliated with any party—in this respect Poland is an outlier among European countries. The article examines both the factors determining the cross-national variation in the level of local government partyness and those causing the differences between the municipalities. The analyses of local ele…
Why Do Non-partisans Challenge Parties in Local Politics? The (Extreme) Case of Poland
The article concentrates on recent successes of non-partisans (independents) in Polish local government. A majority of mayors and councillors remains unaffiliated with any party—in this respect Poland is an outlier among European countries. The article examines both the factors determining the cross-national variation in the level of local government partyness and those causing the differences between the municipalities. The analyses of local ele…
Do Parties and Voters Counteract Quota Regulations? The Impact of Legislative Gender Quotas on Ballot Ranking and Preference Voting in Poland
This article investigates how the introduction of gender quotas affected female representation in an open-list proportional representation system. Based on the Polish parliamentary elections of 2005, 2007, 2011, and 2015, it attempts to explain the gap between the share of female candidates and the share of female legislators. The authors estimate changes in individual electoral chances using logistic regression. Subsequently, counterfactual reas…
How single-member districts are reinforcing local independents and strengthening mayors: On the electoral reform in Polish local government
In this article, we investigate whether the design of the electoral system used in the elections of local councils affects the position of national parties and their main competitors, local independent lists. We study the case of the electoral reform enacted recently in Poland which modified the rules of council elections by introducing the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system, quite rarely used in local elections. Using empirical evidence from the …
Why Do Non-partisans Challenge Parties in Local Politics? The (Extreme) Case of Poland
The article concentrates on recent successes of non-partisans (independents) in Polish local government. A majority of mayors and councillors remains unaffiliated with any party—in this respect Poland is an outlier among European countries. The article examines both the factors determining the cross-national variation in the level of local government partyness and those causing the differences between the municipalities. The analyses of local ele…
How single-member districts are reinforcing local independents and strengthening mayors: On the electoral reform in Polish local government
In this article, we investigate whether the design of the electoral system used in the elections of local councils affects the position of national parties and their main competitors, local independent lists. We study the case of the electoral reform enacted recently in Poland which modified the rules of council elections by introducing the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system, quite rarely used in local elections. Using empirical evidence from the …
Do Parties and Voters Counteract Quota Regulations? The Impact of Legislative Gender Quotas on Ballot Ranking and Preference Voting in Poland
This article investigates how the introduction of gender quotas affected female representation in an open-list proportional representation system. Based on the Polish parliamentary elections of 2005, 2007, 2011, and 2015, it attempts to explain the gap between the share of female candidates and the share of female legislators. The authors estimate changes in individual electoral chances using logistic regression. Subsequently, counterfactual reas…
Various reasons, various trajectories? Interrupted schooling among Polish upper secondary school students
The aim of the study was to assess the scale of various interrupted schooling trajectories among Polish youth, and to identify the differences and similarities between students following these trajectories and their reasons for interrupting education. In a dataset of 5,414 young Polish adults, we identified 343 (6.3%) learners who left upper-secondary school at least once and followed one of four interrupted schooling trajectories: school non-com…
All that glitters is not gold—Mixed early labour market outcomes of STEM graduates in Poland
The expansion of higher education resulted in a growing interest in post‐graduation labour market outcomes. Two conflicting narratives are present in the debate. The first focuses on the shortage of skills and the need for further expansion of the sector and seems to pertain mostly to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The second revolves around over‐education and mismatch leading to graduate unemployment or underemployment…
Why Measurement Invariance is Important in Comparative Research. A Response to Welzel et al. (2021)
Welzel et al. (2021) claim that non-invariance of instruments is inconclusive and inconsequential in the field for cross-cultural value measurement. In this response, we contend that several key arguments on which Welzel et al. (2021) base their critique of invariance testing are conceptually and statistically incorrect. First, Welzel et al. (2021) claim that value measurement follows a formative rather than reflective logic. Yet they do not prov…
Response Styles and Omitted Variable Bias. Detection and Mitigation
Challenges in Multilevel Modelling: Cross-Group Measurement Noninvariance and Measurement Errors. A Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Multilevel modelling (MM) is widely utilized in the social sciences, with over 20% of articles in leading sociological journals employing this technique. Despite its prevalence, few studies address whether the variables used in MM are invariant across groups or allow to construct reliable indicators. This study investigates the effects of both measurement noninvariance and random measurement error on MM using Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings…
Economics (5 works) · Political science (4 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (3 works) · Psychology (3 works) · Sociology (3 works) · Demographic economics (2 works) · Economic growth (2 works) · European Union Policy and Governance (2 works) · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies (2 works) · Law (2 works)