C C Low
Biographic Data
| ID | 32494 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C C Low |
| GIVEN NAMES | C C |
| FAMILY NAME | Low |
| SIGNATURE | LOW C C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3159-9311 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 13 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Mobilising Knowledge: The Wartime Functional Reorientation of Chinese Universities under the Nationalist Government, 1937–1945
The full-scale outbreak of the War of Resistance triggered a fundamental reassessment of the university’s role in times of national crisis. Between 1937 and 1945, Chinese higher education experienced a functional shift from relatively autonomous intellectual enclaves to active instruments of state mobilisation. This study conceptualises universities as contested arenas wherein state imperatives, academic autonomy, and societal needs were dynamica…
Intersecting War, Education and Politics: Chinese Higher Education Policy during the Anti-Japanese War, 1931–1945
During the Nanjing nationalist government period, the Ministry of Education established a developmental theme of “rectification” for higher education. Within this framework, each successive minister of education influenced the direction of higher education through their unique educational philosophies and policy approaches. From the onset of the Mukden Incident (1931) to the end of the Anti-Japanese War, three Ministers of Education—Zhu Jiahua, W…
Digital technologies and migration management in Malaysia: The technology-migration nexus
This paper suggests that the use of digital and biometric technology in migration management creates an ecosystem that may mitigate the risks of unethical recruitment, malpractices by intermediaries, immigration law infringement, labor rights abuse and irregular migration. Digitalization is essential for migration governance, as it eliminates intermediaries, prevents exploitation by agents, reduces recruiting expenses, expedites the recruitment p…
Contextualizing Fair Migration in Malaysia: From Sovereign Migration Governance Toward Developmental Global Migration Governance
This paper proposes that fair migration governance in Malaysia reflects a gradual shift from sovereign migration governance towards developmental global migration governance. It examines three approaches the Malaysian government takes to enhance migrant rights protection: concluding a zero-cost migration memorandum of understanding (MoU), digitalizing the recruitment process for foreign workers, and introducing joint liability schemes for employe…
Migtech, fintech and fair migration in Malaysia: Addressing the protection gap between migrant rights and labour policies
This paper suggests that digitalisation fills the protection gap between labour policies and practices on migrant rights. Digital technologies have shaped how the Malaysian state views its migrant protection policy. Malaysia has tapped into the potential of migration technology (migtech) and financial technology (fintech) to address various challenges faced in its labour migration governance. Malaysia, a migrant-receiving country in the Associati…
Digitalization of Migration Management in Malaysia: Privatization and the Role of Immigration Service Providers
The historical development of the nature of 'desirability' in naturalisation regimes in East and Southeast Asia
This paper compares the naturalisation regimes for migrants in East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia and Singapore), examining how these states have reconfigured their boundaries of citizenship based on ‘desirability’ since the early 20th century. There are some attributes of desirability for which naturalisation regimes privilege some groups of migrants over others. The hierarchy of desirability in the East and…
Back for Good: Reforms in Legalization and Amnesty Programmes in Malaysia
This article suggests that legalization and amnesty programmes have not been able to reduce undocumented migration in Malaysia for two reasons. First, the programmes merely serve as a registration tool that provides foreign workers with short-term work permits and as a surveillance tool to keep track of foreign workers. Second, the temporary work permits granted are no substitute for a migrant-labour management policy in addressing the acute shor…
De-commercialization of the Labor Migration Industry in Malaysia
This paper focuses on irregularities as a result of the privatization of migrant worker recruitment and the unregulated activities of outsourcing companies, created by the institutionalization of the outsourcing system. Using Malaysia as its case study, this paper examines the strategies utilized by the government to de-commercialize the migration industry by phasing out intermediaries and turning to a government-to-government (G2G) approach. Eli…
Extraterritorial migration control in Malaysia
English abstract: This article examines how migration control in Malaysia has been transformed in response to non-traditional security threats. Since the 2010s, the state has expanded the territorial reach of its immigration enforcement through trilateral border patrol initiatives and multilateral defense establishments. Malaysia’s extraterritorial policy is mostly implemented through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) frameworks.…
MyOverseasVote: Liberalism and Extraterritorial Citizenship
This article engages with the liberalist conception of extraterritorial citizenship in examining the pioneering attempt of the Malaysian diaspora to make a rights-based claim for extraterritorial voting. Using the case study of MyOverseasVote (MOV), a transnational advocacy group, this paper demonstrates how the Malaysian diaspora staked their constitutional claim as absent citizens and challenged the state’s definition of absent voters. The bott…
Malaysian diaspora philanthropy: Transnational activism, mobilization and resistance
Malaysia’s electoral reform movement has intensified in tandem with the rise of transnational civil societies and the political mobilization of the Malaysian diaspora. During the 13th General Election in 2013, political spillovers among the diaspora found its expression through various transnational activism. This research offers preliminary inquiries into diaspora giving to support electoral reform efforts in the home country. The 13th GE presen…
Deportation Turn in Malaysia: Expansion, Discourse and Practice
Malaysia's deportation practices highlight how the government is managing irregular immigration to achieve the target of "zero illegal immigrants." Since the 2010s, Malaysia has witnessed growth in the legal, human resource and physical infrastructure capacity of detention centers, as well as an increase in diplomatic resources. The practices taking place in Malaysia are in line with the global "deportation turn" Drawing on interviews with leadin…
A Strategy of Attrition through Enforcement: The Unmaking of Irregular Migration in Malaysia
This article reviews Malaysia's attempt to achieve zero migration irregularity by focusing on workplace enforcement, and examines how Malaysia's migration control has become a struggle between the state and employers. Applying the framework of “enforcement through attrition,” this research examines three newly introduced principles governing workplace enforcement: employer sanctions, the Strict Liability Principle, and the Employers’ Mandatory Co…
The politics of citizenship in divided nations: Policies and trends in Germany and China
Looking at how divided states competed against each other in the arena of citizenship since 1949, this research observes a number of common trends. The German and Chinese case studies manifested a shared trend in large part because they faced comparable challenges and responded with similar citizenship strategies in their quest for national legitimacy and diplomatic recognition. The policy effectiveness depended on the intensity of inter-state ri…
The Politics of Emigration and Expatriation: Ethnicisation of Citizenship in Imperial Germany and China
In the era of perpetual allegiance, the nationality regimes of Germany and China were characterised by restricted, instead of voluntary, expatriation. Although this policy reflected the two states' perceptions of overseas Germans and Chinese as sources of national strength, it also resulted in widespread dual nationality practices. Using case studies of Germany and China, this article analyses the right to expatriation in the aforementioned era. …
Détente, Recognition, and Citizenship: The Case of East Germany
In the formative decade of the Cold War, East Germany suffered international isolation and its citizenship was not internationally recognized. Following the détente between the communist and capitalist blocs in the 1970s, the newly recognized East Germany worked toward pressuring the international community to recognize the existence of their statehood (and citizenship) as a prerequisite to establish diplomatic relations. In order to increase the…
Same System, Different Outcomes: Comparing the Implementation of Dual Nationality Treaties in East Germany and China
Since 1955, one important trend regarding dual nationality was observable in East Germany and the People’s Republic of China (PRC): the official rejection of dual nationality itself. While East Germany’s effort in preventing dual nationality was motivated by the socialist nationality principles of its Eastern European allies, the PRC’s effort was aimed at ending its diplomatic isolation in the Southeast Asian region. In both states, bilateral tre…
Defending National Identity and National Interests: The Limits of Citizenship Transnationalism in Germany and China
Taiwanese and German Citizenship Reforms: Integration of Immigrants without Challenging the Status Quo, 1990–2000
The end of the 1990s witnessed the formulation of new nationality laws in both West Germany and Taiwan for the first time after more than 50 years of national division in each case. The adherence of West Germany and Taiwan to their pre-war nationality legislation allowed them to claim ethnic Germans and overseas Chinese constitutionally, but it resulted in the exclusion of long-term residents from their rightful positions in the German and Taiwan…
A Strategy of Attrition through Enforcement: The Unmaking of Irregular Migration in Malaysia
This article reviews Malaysia's attempt to achieve zero migration irregularity by focusing on workplace enforcement, and examines how Malaysia's migration control has become a struggle between the state and employers. Applying the framework of “enforcement through attrition,” this research examines three newly introduced principles governing workplace enforcement: employer sanctions, the Strict Liability Principle, and the Employers’ Mandatory Co…
Back for Good: Reforms in Legalization and Amnesty Programmes in Malaysia
This article suggests that legalization and amnesty programmes have not been able to reduce undocumented migration in Malaysia for two reasons. First, the programmes merely serve as a registration tool that provides foreign workers with short-term work permits and as a surveillance tool to keep track of foreign workers. Second, the temporary work permits granted are no substitute for a migrant-labour management policy in addressing the acute shor…
Defending National Identity and National Interests: The Limits of Citizenship Transnationalism in Germany and China
Taiwanese and German Citizenship Reforms: Integration of Immigrants without Challenging the Status Quo, 1990–2000
The end of the 1990s witnessed the formulation of new nationality laws in both West Germany and Taiwan for the first time after more than 50 years of national division in each case. The adherence of West Germany and Taiwan to their pre-war nationality legislation allowed them to claim ethnic Germans and overseas Chinese constitutionally, but it resulted in the exclusion of long-term residents from their rightful positions in the German and Taiwan…
Taiwanese and German Citizenship Reforms: Integration of Immigrants without Challenging the Status Quo, 1990–2000
The end of the 1990s witnessed the formulation of new nationality laws in both West Germany and Taiwan for the first time after more than 50 years of national division in each case. The adherence of West Germany and Taiwan to their pre-war nationality legislation allowed them to claim ethnic Germans and overseas Chinese constitutionally, but it resulted in the exclusion of long-term residents from their rightful positions in the German and Taiwan…
Détente, Recognition, and Citizenship: The Case of East Germany
In the formative decade of the Cold War, East Germany suffered international isolation and its citizenship was not internationally recognized. Following the détente between the communist and capitalist blocs in the 1970s, the newly recognized East Germany worked toward pressuring the international community to recognize the existence of their statehood (and citizenship) as a prerequisite to establish diplomatic relations. In order to increase the…
Same System, Different Outcomes: Comparing the Implementation of Dual Nationality Treaties in East Germany and China
Since 1955, one important trend regarding dual nationality was observable in East Germany and the People’s Republic of China (PRC): the official rejection of dual nationality itself. While East Germany’s effort in preventing dual nationality was motivated by the socialist nationality principles of its Eastern European allies, the PRC’s effort was aimed at ending its diplomatic isolation in the Southeast Asian region. In both states, bilateral tre…
Defending National Identity and National Interests: The Limits of Citizenship Transnationalism in Germany and China
The politics of citizenship in divided nations: Policies and trends in Germany and China
Looking at how divided states competed against each other in the arena of citizenship since 1949, this research observes a number of common trends. The German and Chinese case studies manifested a shared trend in large part because they faced comparable challenges and responded with similar citizenship strategies in their quest for national legitimacy and diplomatic recognition. The policy effectiveness depended on the intensity of inter-state ri…
The Politics of Emigration and Expatriation: Ethnicisation of Citizenship in Imperial Germany and China
In the era of perpetual allegiance, the nationality regimes of Germany and China were characterised by restricted, instead of voluntary, expatriation. Although this policy reflected the two states' perceptions of overseas Germans and Chinese as sources of national strength, it also resulted in widespread dual nationality practices. Using case studies of Germany and China, this article analyses the right to expatriation in the aforementioned era. …
Malaysian diaspora philanthropy: Transnational activism, mobilization and resistance
Malaysia’s electoral reform movement has intensified in tandem with the rise of transnational civil societies and the political mobilization of the Malaysian diaspora. During the 13th General Election in 2013, political spillovers among the diaspora found its expression through various transnational activism. This research offers preliminary inquiries into diaspora giving to support electoral reform efforts in the home country. The 13th GE presen…
Deportation Turn in Malaysia: Expansion, Discourse and Practice
Malaysia's deportation practices highlight how the government is managing irregular immigration to achieve the target of "zero illegal immigrants." Since the 2010s, Malaysia has witnessed growth in the legal, human resource and physical infrastructure capacity of detention centers, as well as an increase in diplomatic resources. The practices taking place in Malaysia are in line with the global "deportation turn" Drawing on interviews with leadin…
A Strategy of Attrition through Enforcement: The Unmaking of Irregular Migration in Malaysia
This article reviews Malaysia's attempt to achieve zero migration irregularity by focusing on workplace enforcement, and examines how Malaysia's migration control has become a struggle between the state and employers. Applying the framework of “enforcement through attrition,” this research examines three newly introduced principles governing workplace enforcement: employer sanctions, the Strict Liability Principle, and the Employers’ Mandatory Co…
MyOverseasVote: Liberalism and Extraterritorial Citizenship
This article engages with the liberalist conception of extraterritorial citizenship in examining the pioneering attempt of the Malaysian diaspora to make a rights-based claim for extraterritorial voting. Using the case study of MyOverseasVote (MOV), a transnational advocacy group, this paper demonstrates how the Malaysian diaspora staked their constitutional claim as absent citizens and challenged the state’s definition of absent voters. The bott…
Extraterritorial migration control in Malaysia
English abstract: This article examines how migration control in Malaysia has been transformed in response to non-traditional security threats. Since the 2010s, the state has expanded the territorial reach of its immigration enforcement through trilateral border patrol initiatives and multilateral defense establishments. Malaysia’s extraterritorial policy is mostly implemented through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) frameworks.…
De-commercialization of the Labor Migration Industry in Malaysia
This paper focuses on irregularities as a result of the privatization of migrant worker recruitment and the unregulated activities of outsourcing companies, created by the institutionalization of the outsourcing system. Using Malaysia as its case study, this paper examines the strategies utilized by the government to de-commercialize the migration industry by phasing out intermediaries and turning to a government-to-government (G2G) approach. Eli…
Digitalization of Migration Management in Malaysia: Privatization and the Role of Immigration Service Providers
The historical development of the nature of 'desirability' in naturalisation regimes in East and Southeast Asia
This paper compares the naturalisation regimes for migrants in East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia and Singapore), examining how these states have reconfigured their boundaries of citizenship based on ‘desirability’ since the early 20th century. There are some attributes of desirability for which naturalisation regimes privilege some groups of migrants over others. The hierarchy of desirability in the East and…
Back for Good: Reforms in Legalization and Amnesty Programmes in Malaysia
This article suggests that legalization and amnesty programmes have not been able to reduce undocumented migration in Malaysia for two reasons. First, the programmes merely serve as a registration tool that provides foreign workers with short-term work permits and as a surveillance tool to keep track of foreign workers. Second, the temporary work permits granted are no substitute for a migrant-labour management policy in addressing the acute shor…
Migtech, fintech and fair migration in Malaysia: Addressing the protection gap between migrant rights and labour policies
This paper suggests that digitalisation fills the protection gap between labour policies and practices on migrant rights. Digital technologies have shaped how the Malaysian state views its migrant protection policy. Malaysia has tapped into the potential of migration technology (migtech) and financial technology (fintech) to address various challenges faced in its labour migration governance. Malaysia, a migrant-receiving country in the Associati…
Contextualizing Fair Migration in Malaysia: From Sovereign Migration Governance Toward Developmental Global Migration Governance
This paper proposes that fair migration governance in Malaysia reflects a gradual shift from sovereign migration governance towards developmental global migration governance. It examines three approaches the Malaysian government takes to enhance migrant rights protection: concluding a zero-cost migration memorandum of understanding (MoU), digitalizing the recruitment process for foreign workers, and introducing joint liability schemes for employe…
Intersecting War, Education and Politics: Chinese Higher Education Policy during the Anti-Japanese War, 1931–1945
During the Nanjing nationalist government period, the Ministry of Education established a developmental theme of “rectification” for higher education. Within this framework, each successive minister of education influenced the direction of higher education through their unique educational philosophies and policy approaches. From the onset of the Mukden Incident (1931) to the end of the Anti-Japanese War, three Ministers of Education—Zhu Jiahua, W…
Digital technologies and migration management in Malaysia: The technology-migration nexus
This paper suggests that the use of digital and biometric technology in migration management creates an ecosystem that may mitigate the risks of unethical recruitment, malpractices by intermediaries, immigration law infringement, labor rights abuse and irregular migration. Digitalization is essential for migration governance, as it eliminates intermediaries, prevents exploitation by agents, reduces recruiting expenses, expedites the recruitment p…
Mobilising Knowledge: The Wartime Functional Reorientation of Chinese Universities under the Nationalist Government, 1937–1945
The full-scale outbreak of the War of Resistance triggered a fundamental reassessment of the university’s role in times of national crisis. Between 1937 and 1945, Chinese higher education experienced a functional shift from relatively autonomous intellectual enclaves to active instruments of state mobilisation. This study conceptualises universities as contested arenas wherein state imperatives, academic autonomy, and societal needs were dynamica…
Political science (16 works) · Law (13 works) · Immigration (11 works) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (11 works) · Economics (10 works) · Law (8 works) · Politics (8 works) · Citizenship (7 works) · Business (6 works) · Geography (6 works)