J R Kaplan
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3274 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | J R Kaplan |
| NOMBRES | J R |
| APELLIDO | Kaplan |
| FIRMA | KAPLAN J R |
| AFILIACIONES | Wake Forest University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7759-9838 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1977 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Vitamin D heritability and effect of pregnancy status in Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus ) under conditions of modest and high dietary supplementation
OBJECTIVES: The two objectives of the current study were to: 1) investigate the genetic contributions to variations in serum vitamin D concentrations under two dietary conditions (a standard monkey biscuit diet vs. a diet designed to model typical American consumption); and 2) explore the interaction of vitamin D with pregnancy status using a cohort of pedigreed female vervet/African green monkeys. METHODS: This study includes 185 female (≥3.5 ye…
Significant Genotype by Diet (G × D) Interaction Effects on Cardiometabolic Responses to a Pedigree‐Wide, Dietary Challenge in Vervet Monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus )
Nutrient composition of a diet (D) has been shown to interact with genetic predispositions (G) to affect various lipid phenotypes. Our aim in this study was to confirm G × D interaction and determine whether the interaction extends to other cardiometabolic risk factors such as glycemic measures and body weight. Subjects were vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus ; n = 309) from a multigenerational pedigreed colony initially fed with a pla…
Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Ratios in Body Water and Hair
The stable isotopic composition of drinking water, diet, and atmospheric oxygen influence the isotopic composition of body water ( 2 H / 1 H , 18 O / 16 O expressed as δ 2 H and δ 18 O ). In turn, body water influences the isotopic composition of organic matter in tissues, such as hair and teeth, which are often used to reconstruct historical dietary and movement patterns of animals and humans. Here, we used a nonhuman primate system ( M acaca fa…
Validation of multi‐detector computed tomography as a non‐invasive method for measuring ovarian volume in macaques ( Macaca fascicularis )
The purpose of this study was to validate low radiation dose, contrast‐enhanced, multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) as a non‐invasive method for measuring ovarian volume in macaques. Computed tomography scans of four known‐volume phantoms and nine mature female cynomolgus macaques were acquired using a previously described, low radiation dose scanning protocol, intravenous contrast enhancement, and a 32‐slice MDCT scanner. Immediately foll…
The relationship between social status and atherosclerosis in male and female monkeys as revealed by meta‐analysis
More than 25 years ago our laboratory reported sex‐dependent relationships between social status and coronary artery atherosclerosis among cholesterol‐fed cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) maintained in social groups of four to six animals each. Dominant males developed more atherosclerosis than subordinates, but only if housed in recurrently reorganized social groups. In contrast, dominant females developed significantly less atheroscle…
Effects of soy vs. casein protein on body weight and glycemic control in female monkeys and their offspring
Nutritional interventions are important for reducing obesity and related conditions. Soy is a good source of protein and also contains isoflavones that may affect plasma lipids, body weight, and insulin action. Described here are data from a monkey breeding colony in which monkeys were initially fed a standard chow diet that is low fat with protein derived from soy. Monkeys were then randomized to a defined diet with a fat content similar to the …
Kinship and Behavior in Primates
Kinship and Behavior in Primates. Bernard Chapais and Carol M. Berman, eds. Oxford University Press, 2004. 507 pp
Influence of estradiol on cortisol secretion in ovariectomized cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis )
In an investigation of cortisol secretion in fully mature, ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ), we compared monkeys that were given either placebo (OVX, n = 26) or 17β estradiol (E 2 ) (EST, n = 26) in a daily oral dose. Serum cortisol concentrations were measured prior to the experimental manipulation and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following initiation of treatment. Pretreatment cortisol values did not differ between groups. As…
Approach to a social stranger is associated with low central nervous system serotonergic responsivity in female cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis )
It is widely hypothesized that individual differences in central nervous system (CNS) serotonergic activity underlie dimensional variation in “impulsive” vs. “inhibited” social behavior in both humans and nonhuman primates. To assess relative impulsivity in a social context, a behavioral challenge involving animals' exposure to a social stranger (termed the “Intruder Challenge”) was recently validated in adolescent and adult male vervet monkeys (…
Lake pigments facilitate analysis of fecal cortisol and behavior in group‐housed macaques
Fecal steroid analyses are becoming more popular among both field and laboratory scientists. The benefits associated with sampling procedures that do not require restraint, anesthesia, and blood collection include less risk to both subject and investigator, as well as the potential to obtain endocrine profiles that do not reflect the influence of stress. However, the utility of the fecal steroid method has been limited in field conditions because…
Predictors of social status in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after group formation
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether various behavioral and hormonal markers obtained in individually housed monkeys would be predictive of social rank following group housing. Body weight, serum cortisol and testosterone levels, and locomotor activity in an open-field apparatus were examined in 20 experimentally naive male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) while they were individually housed. It was hypothesized that …
Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy
Recent studies provide clear and convincing evidence that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This evidence is composed largely of data relating CAD risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1) depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors and character traits, (4) social isolation, and (5) chronic life stress. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationsh…
Monkeys, aggression, and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis
Although it is frequently hypothesized that psychosocial factors influence the development of coronary heart disease and the underlying atherosclerosis, evidence directly supporting this hypothesis or identifying the mediating mechanisms has been sparse at best. The present article reviews research designed to elucidate the role of behavior in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (and thus coronary heart disease). Particular emphasis is placed on …
Chronic Social Stress, Social Status, and Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Infections in Nonhuman Primates
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the roles of social stress and social status in susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. METHOD: Sixty male cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to stable or unstable social conditions for 15 months. Two markers of social status, social rank and percent of behaviors that were submissive, were assessed at independent observation periods. Endocrine, immune, and behavioral responses were…
Cholesterol meets Darwin
A restricted intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, health advocacy groups suggest, is an effective and safe way to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations and thus reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and other atherosclerotic disorders. Indeed, recent treatment trials indicate that the newest cholesterol-lowering agents, collectively called “statins,” provide substantial protection against coronary heart disease. However, epidemiologic d…
Cholesterol meets Darwin
Psychosocial Factors, Sex Differences, and Atherosclerosis
OBJECTIVE: Premenopausal women, compared with men, are relatively spared from coronary heart disease and the underlying atherosclerosis. Our purpose has been to elucidate the reason for this difference and to explore the role of behavioral factors in this phenomenon. METHODS: Studies employed socially housed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet and subjected to behavioral observations. Ovariectomy, with or without hor…
Social status, behavior, and central serotonergic responsivity in female cynomolgus monkeys
The relationship between social status, behavioral characteristics, and central serotonergic function was examined in eight adult female cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ). The subjects were housed in four‐member social groups for 6 months. Social behavior was observed three times a week. The early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was determined based on the occurrence of menses, and the prolactin response to acute administration o…
Delayed dispersal and elevated monoaminergic activity in free‐ranging rhesus monkeys
Male rhesus monkeys typically disperse from their groups of birth when they are between 3 and 5 years of age. Some males, however, delay dispersal from their natal groups until after they are 5 years old. The current study evaluated central monoaminergic neurotransmitter activity as a potential correlate of such “delayed” dispersal among 54 randomly selected adolescent and adult male rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) captured on Cayo Santiago dur…
The Pathogenicity of Behavior and Its Neuroendocrine Mediation
Although it is frequently hypothesized that perturbations of the body's principal axes of neuroendocrine response, especially the sympathetic-adrenomedullary and pituitary-adrenocortical systems, mediate psychosocial influences on disease, evidence directly supporting this hypothesis is sparse at best and, for most disease entities, nonexistent. In this article, we illustrate a research strategy aimed at elucidating the role of behavior in diseas…
Demonstration of an association among dietary cholesterol, central serotonergic activity, and social behavior in monkeys
Epidemiologic studies link plasma cholesterol reduction to increased mortality rates as a result of suicide, violence, and accidents. Deficient central serotonergic activity is similarly associated with violence and suicidal behavior. We investigated the relationship among dietary and plasma cholesterol, social behavior, and the serotonin system as a possible explanation for these findings. Juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (eight female and nine male)…
Opioidergic inhibition of circulatory and endocrine stress responses in cynomolgus monkeys
Twenty-five female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed to psychological stress (threat of capture) after blockade of endogenous opioids with naloxone and after saline control injections. Heart rates were monitored continuously and blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma levels of cortisol and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity. Results indicate that the stress manipulation resulted in increased heart rates as w…
Stability of social status rankings of female cynomolgus monkeys, of varying reproductive condition, in different social groups
In order test the hypothesis that adult female macaques display a tendency to attain a certain level of social status independent of the social situation, the social status rankings of 41 wild‐caught adult female Macaca fascicularis were determined in different social groups. About one‐third of the females were intact and housed with vasectomized males. About one‐third of the females were ovariectomized and housed with intact males, and the remai…
The complex relationship between behavioral attributes, social status, and whole blood serotonin in male Macaca fascicularis
Among group‐housed male Cercopithecus aethiops , dominant animals have higher concentrations of whole bood serotonin (WBS) than their subordinate counterparts. In contrast, there appears to be no relationship between social status and WBS in Macaca nemestrina . We report here the relationship between social status and WBS among 29 male Macaca fascicularis housed in groups of five. Membership in these groups was disrupted periodically (20 times in…
The relationship of agonistic and affiliative behavior patterns to cellular immune function among cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) living in unstable social groups
Considerable recent interest has focused on the possibility that behavioral factors may influence immune competence, and hence, potentially, patterns of disease. We report here the relationship between the aggressive and affiliative behavior and the cellular immune responses of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) living in small (n = 5) social groups whose members were periodically redistributed over 26 months. Animals also w…
Patterns of fight interference in free‐ranging rhesus monkeys
Rhesus monkeys occasionally break up fights among conspecifics and this phenomenon may be called “interference.” The present study describes the patterns of interference in a group of free‐ranging rhesus monkeys and evaluates the effect of this behavior on Macaca mulatta social organization. Data were collected at Cayo Santiago. Strong sexual differences were found in the patterning of interference behavior. Females tended to help victims of aggr…
Fight interference and altruism in rhesus monkeys
Fight interference data from a group of free‐ranging rhesus monkeys at Cayo Santiago were used to test hypotheses about the evolution and importance of altruism. Both females and natal males (those born in the group) aided close relatives more than distant relatives and aided distant relatives more than non‐relatives. This result is consistent with that predicted by the theory of kin selection. However, it was found that female aid to non‐relativ…
Oral contraceptive administration, interfemale relationships, and sexual behavior inMacaca fascicularis
Vitamin D heritability and effect of pregnancy status in Vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus ) under conditions of modest and high dietary supplementation
OBJECTIVES: The two objectives of the current study were to: 1) investigate the genetic contributions to variations in serum vitamin D concentrations under two dietary conditions (a standard monkey biscuit diet vs. a diet designed to model typical American consumption); and 2) explore the interaction of vitamin D with pregnancy status using a cohort of pedigreed female vervet/African green monkeys. METHODS: This study includes 185 female (≥3.5 ye…
Kinship and Behavior in Primates
Kinship and Behavior in Primates. Bernard Chapais and Carol M. Berman, eds. Oxford University Press, 2004. 507 pp
Lake pigments facilitate analysis of fecal cortisol and behavior in group‐housed macaques
Fecal steroid analyses are becoming more popular among both field and laboratory scientists. The benefits associated with sampling procedures that do not require restraint, anesthesia, and blood collection include less risk to both subject and investigator, as well as the potential to obtain endocrine profiles that do not reflect the influence of stress. However, the utility of the fecal steroid method has been limited in field conditions because…
Patterns of fight interference in free‐ranging rhesus monkeys
Rhesus monkeys occasionally break up fights among conspecifics and this phenomenon may be called “interference.” The present study describes the patterns of interference in a group of free‐ranging rhesus monkeys and evaluates the effect of this behavior on Macaca mulatta social organization. Data were collected at Cayo Santiago. Strong sexual differences were found in the patterning of interference behavior. Females tended to help victims of aggr…
Fight interference and altruism in rhesus monkeys
Fight interference data from a group of free‐ranging rhesus monkeys at Cayo Santiago were used to test hypotheses about the evolution and importance of altruism. Both females and natal males (those born in the group) aided close relatives more than distant relatives and aided distant relatives more than non‐relatives. This result is consistent with that predicted by the theory of kin selection. However, it was found that female aid to non‐relativ…
Allomaternal behavior in a group of free‐ranging patas monkeys
A free‐ranging group of patas monkeys ( Erythrocebus patas ) containing 18 individually identifiable adult females was observed for approximately 400 hours, equally distributed over two two‐month periods corresponding to the breeding and birth seasons, at the La Parguera facility of the Caribbean Primate Research Center. The large number of infants born in the spring and early summer (n = 14) allowed for detailed observations of alloparental beha…
Behaviorally Induced Heart Rate Reactivity and Atherosclerosis in Cynomolgus Monkeys
It has been suggested that individual differences in behaviorally induced cardiovascular reactivity may mediate associations between behavioral factors and atherosclerotic disease. The present study provides data relevant to this hypothesis within an animal model. Experimental animals were 26 adult, male cynomolgus monkeys that had been fed a moderately atherogenic diet for 22 months. In the weeks preceding termination of these animals, monkeys w…
Adrenal responsiveness and social status in intact and ovariectomized Macaca fascicularis
Plasma cortisol (F) response to intravenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) infusion (following dexamethasone suppression) was examined in adult female Macaca fascicularis that had been living for 22 months in social groups consisting of four to six females and one male. A portion of these females were ovariectomized (n = 21), while the rest were reproductively intact (n = 23). The social behavior of all animals was monitored with a focal sampling pro…
Aspects of fight interference in free‐ranging and compound‐dwelling rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Patterns of fight interference (agonistic aiding) were compared among three groups of rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) living in two settings: (1) two groups at Cayo Santiago (Caribbean Primate Center); and (2) one group at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center (YRPRC). A total of 1,227 interference episodes were recorded in 1,650 hours of observation. The only significant intergroup difference was the increased tendency of males at YRPRC …
Behaviorally elicited heart rate reactivity and atherosclerosis in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
We previously reported that the coronary atherosclerosis of cholesterol-fed, male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was exacerbated among animals that exhibited the largest heart rate (HR) reactions to a standard laboratory stressor. Here we report a similar relationship between behaviorally induced HR reactivity and atherosclerosis in females of the same species. Twenty-one female monkeys were fed a moderately atherogenic diet for 30 mont…
The effect of propranolol on behavioral interactions among adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) housed in disrupted social groupings
We report here on the social behavior of 30 adult male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), half of which were chronically administered propranolol HCl. All monkeys were maintained in groups of five, fed an atherogenic diet, and subjected to a social manipulation involving repeated disruption of social groups through redistribution of group memberships. One year of intensive behavioral observations were made, involving quantification of 27 …
Heart rate and social status among male cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) housed in disrupted social groupings
The relationship between social status and telemetrically recorded heart rate (HR) was studied among 29 adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) which had been maintained in six social groups (n = four or five) for 26 months. The membership of each group was reorganized periodically (20 times in 26 months) by shifting monkeys from group to group in a way that maximized each animal's exposure to social strangers. The social behavior of …
Oral contraceptive administration, interfemale relationships, and sexual behavior inMacaca fascicularis
Stability of social status rankings of female cynomolgus monkeys, of varying reproductive condition, in different social groups
In order test the hypothesis that adult female macaques display a tendency to attain a certain level of social status independent of the social situation, the social status rankings of 41 wild‐caught adult female Macaca fascicularis were determined in different social groups. About one‐third of the females were intact and housed with vasectomized males. About one‐third of the females were ovariectomized and housed with intact males, and the remai…
The complex relationship between behavioral attributes, social status, and whole blood serotonin in male Macaca fascicularis
Among group‐housed male Cercopithecus aethiops , dominant animals have higher concentrations of whole bood serotonin (WBS) than their subordinate counterparts. In contrast, there appears to be no relationship between social status and WBS in Macaca nemestrina . We report here the relationship between social status and WBS among 29 male Macaca fascicularis housed in groups of five. Membership in these groups was disrupted periodically (20 times in…
The relationship of agonistic and affiliative behavior patterns to cellular immune function among cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) living in unstable social groups
Considerable recent interest has focused on the possibility that behavioral factors may influence immune competence, and hence, potentially, patterns of disease. We report here the relationship between the aggressive and affiliative behavior and the cellular immune responses of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) living in small (n = 5) social groups whose members were periodically redistributed over 26 months. Animals also w…
The effects of fat and cholesterol on social behavior in monkeys
We report here on the social behavior of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys, maintained in social groups of five animals each and assigned for 22 months to one of two dietary conditions: a) "luxury"--relatively high fat, high cholesterol (43% calories from fat, 0.34 mg cholesterol/Calorie of diet); or b) "prudent"--relatively low fat, low cholesterol (30% calories from fat, 0.05 mg cholesterol/Calorie of diet). The dietary manipulation resulted in …
Opioidergic inhibition of circulatory and endocrine stress responses in cynomolgus monkeys
Twenty-five female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed to psychological stress (threat of capture) after blockade of endogenous opioids with naloxone and after saline control injections. Heart rates were monitored continuously and blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma levels of cortisol and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity. Results indicate that the stress manipulation resulted in increased heart rates as w…
Demonstration of an association among dietary cholesterol, central serotonergic activity, and social behavior in monkeys
Epidemiologic studies link plasma cholesterol reduction to increased mortality rates as a result of suicide, violence, and accidents. Deficient central serotonergic activity is similarly associated with violence and suicidal behavior. We investigated the relationship among dietary and plasma cholesterol, social behavior, and the serotonin system as a possible explanation for these findings. Juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (eight female and nine male)…
Social status, behavior, and central serotonergic responsivity in female cynomolgus monkeys
The relationship between social status, behavioral characteristics, and central serotonergic function was examined in eight adult female cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ). The subjects were housed in four‐member social groups for 6 months. Social behavior was observed three times a week. The early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was determined based on the occurrence of menses, and the prolactin response to acute administration o…
Delayed dispersal and elevated monoaminergic activity in free‐ranging rhesus monkeys
Male rhesus monkeys typically disperse from their groups of birth when they are between 3 and 5 years of age. Some males, however, delay dispersal from their natal groups until after they are 5 years old. The current study evaluated central monoaminergic neurotransmitter activity as a potential correlate of such “delayed” dispersal among 54 randomly selected adolescent and adult male rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) captured on Cayo Santiago dur…
The Pathogenicity of Behavior and Its Neuroendocrine Mediation
Although it is frequently hypothesized that perturbations of the body's principal axes of neuroendocrine response, especially the sympathetic-adrenomedullary and pituitary-adrenocortical systems, mediate psychosocial influences on disease, evidence directly supporting this hypothesis is sparse at best and, for most disease entities, nonexistent. In this article, we illustrate a research strategy aimed at elucidating the role of behavior in diseas…
Psychosocial Factors, Sex Differences, and Atherosclerosis
OBJECTIVE: Premenopausal women, compared with men, are relatively spared from coronary heart disease and the underlying atherosclerosis. Our purpose has been to elucidate the reason for this difference and to explore the role of behavioral factors in this phenomenon. METHODS: Studies employed socially housed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet and subjected to behavioral observations. Ovariectomy, with or without hor…
Chronic Social Stress, Social Status, and Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Infections in Nonhuman Primates
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the roles of social stress and social status in susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. METHOD: Sixty male cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to stable or unstable social conditions for 15 months. Two markers of social status, social rank and percent of behaviors that were submissive, were assessed at independent observation periods. Endocrine, immune, and behavioral responses were…
Cholesterol meets Darwin
A restricted intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, health advocacy groups suggest, is an effective and safe way to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations and thus reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and other atherosclerotic disorders. Indeed, recent treatment trials indicate that the newest cholesterol-lowering agents, collectively called “statins,” provide substantial protection against coronary heart disease. However, epidemiologic d…
Cholesterol meets Darwin
Monkeys, aggression, and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis
Although it is frequently hypothesized that psychosocial factors influence the development of coronary heart disease and the underlying atherosclerosis, evidence directly supporting this hypothesis or identifying the mediating mechanisms has been sparse at best. The present article reviews research designed to elucidate the role of behavior in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (and thus coronary heart disease). Particular emphasis is placed on …
Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy
Recent studies provide clear and convincing evidence that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This evidence is composed largely of data relating CAD risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1) depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors and character traits, (4) social isolation, and (5) chronic life stress. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationsh…
Medicine (26 obras) · Biology (22 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (21 obras) · Psychology (19 obras) · Endocrinology (18 obras) · Internal Medicine (18 obras) · Physiology (16 obras) · Internal Medicine (14 obras) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (13 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras)