René Schalk
Biographic Data
| ID | 327818 |
|---|---|
| NAME | René Schalk |
| GIVEN NAMES | René |
| FAMILY NAME | Schalk |
| SIGNATURE | SCHALK R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Tilburg University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1721-8877 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 83 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The complexity of constructing empowerment measuring instruments: A delphi study
The value of empowerment as a central concept for social work implies the potential benefits of measurement to understand how this value is materialised in social work. The way in which instruments are developed and constructed impact their quality. With regard to the complexity of measuring empowerment, this article aims to provide insights in experts’ views on the theoretical requirements to measuring empowerment in social work. A Delphi study …
Examining the Co-impact of Participatory Action-Oriented Research. Bringing Hidden effects to the Surface. A Case Study
Research impact is high on the agendas of governments and funders all over the world. As participatory action-oriented research (PAR) intends to have an impact – positive changes in policy and practice – interest in PAR is rising. But although impact may sound clear, it is susceptible to various interpretations. Hence assessing the impact of PAR is a challenge. In this article we describe a PAR project with multi-stakeholder participation at its …
Methodical principles and prevention-focused outcomes in professional youth work: A longitudinal analysis
Previous research has suggested that professional youth work settings empower socially vulnerable youngsters, strengthening their personal development and social participation. It is expected that youth work can prevent personal and social problems of youngsters, which may have longer term positive social returns. How the underlying methodical way of acting of youth workers contributes to prevention-focused outcomes remains unclear. This article …
The Contribution of Professional Youth Work to the Personal Development and Social Participation of Socially Vulnerable Youngsters: A Dutch Longitudinal Cohort Study
This article focuses on how length of participation in professional youth work is associated with five outcome variables: prosocial skills, self-mastery, social network, civic participation (volunteering and organizing activities) and finding support from social care services. The study was designed as a longitudinal cohort study of four waves during a 16-month period, gathering the data of 1597 youngsters aged 10–24 who participated in Dutch pro…
Measuring Instruments for Empowerment in Social Work: A Scoping Review
Empowerment is seen as an important thinking and working framework for social work. Ideally, it is possible to measure the empowering effects of social work. However, various factors complicate measuring empowerment, making it a difficult exercise. In past decades many instruments for measuring empowerment have been developed and there are many variations in the way these instruments have been developed. The aim of this review is to provide a com…
Professional youth work as a preventive service: Towards an integrated conceptual framework
Knowledge of how professional youth work might prevent individual and social problems in socially vulnerable youngsters is poorly developed. This article presents a conceptual framework that clarifies the implicit methodical process used by professional youth workers and focuses on what stakeholders regard as the potential of professional youth work as a preventive service. A qualitative research synthesis approach was used to combine the finding…
The contribution of professional youth work to the development of socially vulnerable youngsters: A multiple case study
The central question in this study is how, for whom, and under which conditions professional youth work contributes to the personal development of socially vulnerable youngsters, the reinforcement of their social network, the enhancement of their social participation, and the timely finding of appropriate specialized care services in relation to contextual factors such as life events and the influence of significant others. This research used a m…
Growth Through Participation: A Longitudinal Study of a Participation-Based Intervention for (Formerly) Homeless People
The current longitudinal study examined a participation-based intervention for homeless and formerly homeless clients, growth through participation (GTP), developed by a Dutch organization providing shelter services and ambulatory care. GTP is based on a combination of group and individual approaches, whereby clients are enabled to learn to identify their strengths and talents, to develop social skills through interaction with each other, and to …
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in a Dutch Social Work Organisation: A Shared Responsibility
This article presents the findings from a case study, exploring the factors that support and impede implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in a Dutch social work organisation that has recently committed to EBP. Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with ten staff members and twelve social workers (service providers for adults and families). The organisational model for EBP implementation, recently developed by Pl…
The Importance of Self-Mastery in Enhancing Quality of Life and Social Participation of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Results of a Mixed-Method Study
Self-mastery plays a basic role in strength-based and recovery-oriented approaches applied by (mental) health-care institutions and social services. However, no research has been conducted on a comprehensive model that could provide insight into enhancing self-mastery and outcomes, such as social participation and quality of life, for individuals experiencing homelessness. The current mixed-method study investigated associations between person-re…
How is participation related to well-being of homeless people? An explorative qualitative study in a Dutch homeless shelter facility
The majority of homeless people is socially excluded which negatively affects their well-being. Therefore, participation-based programs are needed. The current research is conducted within a Dutch homeless shelter facility that offers educational, recreational, and labor activities to clients in an environment which is designed to feel safe (an enabling niche). The main aim of these activities is to facilitate social participation. We conducted t…
The girls work method: What is the role of empowerment in building girls’ agency
Girls Work, as one of the methods used by professional youth work, focuses on helping vulnerable girls to shape their own lives (a capacity also referred to as ‘agency’). In this study, it is hypothesised that the methodical principles (i.e. the guiding principles of the methodical actions of the youth worker) contribute to the empowerment process of girls, which in turn leads to the development of girls’ agency. Serial mediation was used to test…
The role of social environment in acquiring agency in Girls Work
Partnership Research: A Pathway to Realize Multistakeholder Participation
Partnership research projects between academic researchers, service providers, policy makers, and persons from vulnerable populations are increasingly promoted as a means to inform and improve research and practice. Key elements in partnership research are the participation of multiple stakeholders and a shared responsibility and control over ideas, processes, and outcomes. This sounds clear, yet it is susceptible to various interpretations and c…
How to Enhance Social Participation and Well-Being in (Formerly) Homeless Clients: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
© 2019, The Author(s). In the present study we examined care-related and demographic predictors of well-being among 225 (formerly) homeless clients of a Dutch organisation providing shelter services and ambulatory care (shelter facility). The role of social participation as a mediator was considered. Social participation is important for homeless people, as they are often socially isolated. Moreover, social participation enhances well-being and i…
Social Workers’ Orientation Toward the Evidence-Based Practice Process: A Dutch Survey
We recommend educators to take a more active role in teaching the EBP process to students and social workers
The Relationship Between Governance Roles and Performance in Local Public Interorganizational Networks: A Conceptual Analysis
Local public networks can be governed in many different ways. Among scholars as well as among practitioners, there is some debate about the best approach. Based on literature, this article examines the relationship between local public network governance roles, contingency factors, and network performance in a theoretically informed way. Governance roles are positioned on a continuum from top-down (commissioner) to bottom-up (facilitator), with a…
The relationship between fulfilment of the psychological contract and resistance to change during organizational transformations
Because of ongoing globalization, changing markets and political developments, the degree of organizational change has increased significantly in the last decades. Organizations value employees who are willing and able to respond positively to change. Trust and social capital, based on fulfilling mutual expectations are important determinants of successful organizational change. The present study investigates the relationship between fulfilment o…
Literature review of theory and research on the psychological impact of temporary employment: Towards a conceptual model
The increased use of temporary contracts has instigated debates on possible implications for employees’ attitudes, well‐being and behaviour. The complex issues related to this debate are reviewed from a theoretical, empirical and conceptual point of view. First, the definitions of temporary employment that are currently used in OECD countries are reviewed. Second, theoretical views concerning possible determinants are elaborated. The theoretical …
How to Measure the Psychological Contract? A Critical Criteria-Based Review of Measures
In this article we analyse the different ways in which psychological contracts are measured. On the basis of criteria for measurement and scale development psychological contract measurements are put to a test. The criteria are related to the way the measurement is developed and evaluated, and the specific conceptualisations of the content and evaluation of the psychological contract. Existing questionnaires to measure the psychological contract …
Influence of Pre-Merger Employment Relations and Individual Characteristics on the Psychological Contract
Organisational changes and transformations, in which employees are exposed to mergers, acquisitions and take-overs of their organisations, are a common phenomenon these days. Empirical evidence on the formation of initial trust in new organisational relationships has shown that past experiences are an important determinant of an individual's intention to trust another party. In this article the aim is to assess the influence of a prior employment…
Factors influencing absenteeism and intention to leave in a call centre
Personal, job, as well as contract characteristics and workplace attitudes were related to frequency of absenteeism and intention to leave of call centre employees. Frequency of absenteeism and intention to leave were found to be mainly influenced by contract characteristics and workplace attitudes, while job characteristics and personal characteristics were less important
Prejudice toward immigrant workers among Dutch employees: Integrated threat theory revisited
Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) (Stephan & Stephan, 1993 , 1996 ) describes four types of threats as mediators in the relation between antecedent factors (previous intergroup conflict, intergroup contact, status inequalities, in‐group identification, knowledge about the out‐group, and intergroup contact) and prejudice. The four mediating types of threats, which influence prejudice according to ITT are: intergroup anxiety, negative stereotyping, re…
Towards a Dynamic Model of the Psychological Contract
This paper presents a dynamic perspective in which the psychological contract is treated as a structured set of beliefs that are held by individual employees about the mutual obligations of the organization as employer and themselves as employees. This set of beliefs is assumed to produce a state of commitment to the organization in which the employee is willing to accept work roles and tasks offered by the organization, and to carry them out in …
Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of reciprocity
Based on the theoretical framework of newcomer sensemaking this study examines factors associated with changes in newcomers' psychological contract perceptions during the socialization process. More specifically, two mechanisms are addressed that could explain changes in newcomers' perceptions of the promises they have exchanged with their employer: (1) unilateral adaptation of perceived promises to reality and (2) adaptation of perceived promise…
The Relationship Between Governance Roles and Performance in Local Public Interorganizational Networks: A Conceptual Analysis
Local public networks can be governed in many different ways. Among scholars as well as among practitioners, there is some debate about the best approach. Based on literature, this article examines the relationship between local public network governance roles, contingency factors, and network performance in a theoretically informed way. Governance roles are positioned on a continuum from top-down (commissioner) to bottom-up (facilitator), with a…
Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of reciprocity
Based on the theoretical framework of newcomer sensemaking this study examines factors associated with changes in newcomers' psychological contract perceptions during the socialization process. More specifically, two mechanisms are addressed that could explain changes in newcomers' perceptions of the promises they have exchanged with their employer: (1) unilateral adaptation of perceived promises to reality and (2) adaptation of perceived promise…
Prejudice toward immigrant workers among Dutch employees: Integrated threat theory revisited
Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) (Stephan & Stephan, 1993 , 1996 ) describes four types of threats as mediators in the relation between antecedent factors (previous intergroup conflict, intergroup contact, status inequalities, in‐group identification, knowledge about the out‐group, and intergroup contact) and prejudice. The four mediating types of threats, which influence prejudice according to ITT are: intergroup anxiety, negative stereotyping, re…
Partnership Research: A Pathway to Realize Multistakeholder Participation
Partnership research projects between academic researchers, service providers, policy makers, and persons from vulnerable populations are increasingly promoted as a means to inform and improve research and practice. Key elements in partnership research are the participation of multiple stakeholders and a shared responsibility and control over ideas, processes, and outcomes. This sounds clear, yet it is susceptible to various interpretations and c…
Towards a Dynamic Model of the Psychological Contract
This paper presents a dynamic perspective in which the psychological contract is treated as a structured set of beliefs that are held by individual employees about the mutual obligations of the organization as employer and themselves as employees. This set of beliefs is assumed to produce a state of commitment to the organization in which the employee is willing to accept work roles and tasks offered by the organization, and to carry them out in …
Social Workers’ Orientation Toward the Evidence-Based Practice Process: A Dutch Survey
We recommend educators to take a more active role in teaching the EBP process to students and social workers
Growth Through Participation: A Longitudinal Study of a Participation-Based Intervention for (Formerly) Homeless People
The current longitudinal study examined a participation-based intervention for homeless and formerly homeless clients, growth through participation (GTP), developed by a Dutch organization providing shelter services and ambulatory care. GTP is based on a combination of group and individual approaches, whereby clients are enabled to learn to identify their strengths and talents, to develop social skills through interaction with each other, and to …
Examining the Co-impact of Participatory Action-Oriented Research. Bringing Hidden effects to the Surface. A Case Study
Research impact is high on the agendas of governments and funders all over the world. As participatory action-oriented research (PAR) intends to have an impact – positive changes in policy and practice – interest in PAR is rising. But although impact may sound clear, it is susceptible to various interpretations. Hence assessing the impact of PAR is a challenge. In this article we describe a PAR project with multi-stakeholder participation at its …
The contribution of professional youth work to the development of socially vulnerable youngsters: A multiple case study
The central question in this study is how, for whom, and under which conditions professional youth work contributes to the personal development of socially vulnerable youngsters, the reinforcement of their social network, the enhancement of their social participation, and the timely finding of appropriate specialized care services in relation to contextual factors such as life events and the influence of significant others. This research used a m…
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in a Dutch Social Work Organisation: A Shared Responsibility
This article presents the findings from a case study, exploring the factors that support and impede implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in a Dutch social work organisation that has recently committed to EBP. Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with ten staff members and twelve social workers (service providers for adults and families). The organisational model for EBP implementation, recently developed by Pl…
The Importance of Self-Mastery in Enhancing Quality of Life and Social Participation of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Results of a Mixed-Method Study
Self-mastery plays a basic role in strength-based and recovery-oriented approaches applied by (mental) health-care institutions and social services. However, no research has been conducted on a comprehensive model that could provide insight into enhancing self-mastery and outcomes, such as social participation and quality of life, for individuals experiencing homelessness. The current mixed-method study investigated associations between person-re…
The girls work method: What is the role of empowerment in building girls’ agency
Girls Work, as one of the methods used by professional youth work, focuses on helping vulnerable girls to shape their own lives (a capacity also referred to as ‘agency’). In this study, it is hypothesised that the methodical principles (i.e. the guiding principles of the methodical actions of the youth worker) contribute to the empowerment process of girls, which in turn leads to the development of girls’ agency. Serial mediation was used to test…
The role of social environment in acquiring agency in Girls Work
How to Enhance Social Participation and Well-Being in (Formerly) Homeless Clients: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
© 2019, The Author(s). In the present study we examined care-related and demographic predictors of well-being among 225 (formerly) homeless clients of a Dutch organisation providing shelter services and ambulatory care (shelter facility). The role of social participation as a mediator was considered. Social participation is important for homeless people, as they are often socially isolated. Moreover, social participation enhances well-being and i…
The relationship between fulfilment of the psychological contract and resistance to change during organizational transformations
Because of ongoing globalization, changing markets and political developments, the degree of organizational change has increased significantly in the last decades. Organizations value employees who are willing and able to respond positively to change. Trust and social capital, based on fulfilling mutual expectations are important determinants of successful organizational change. The present study investigates the relationship between fulfilment o…
Influence of Pre-Merger Employment Relations and Individual Characteristics on the Psychological Contract
Organisational changes and transformations, in which employees are exposed to mergers, acquisitions and take-overs of their organisations, are a common phenomenon these days. Empirical evidence on the formation of initial trust in new organisational relationships has shown that past experiences are an important determinant of an individual's intention to trust another party. In this article the aim is to assess the influence of a prior employment…
Factors influencing absenteeism and intention to leave in a call centre
Personal, job, as well as contract characteristics and workplace attitudes were related to frequency of absenteeism and intention to leave of call centre employees. Frequency of absenteeism and intention to leave were found to be mainly influenced by contract characteristics and workplace attitudes, while job characteristics and personal characteristics were less important
The psychological contract in retrospect and prospect
Psychological contract development during organizational socialization: Adaptation to reality and the role of reciprocity
Based on the theoretical framework of newcomer sensemaking this study examines factors associated with changes in newcomers' psychological contract perceptions during the socialization process. More specifically, two mechanisms are addressed that could explain changes in newcomers' perceptions of the promises they have exchanged with their employer: (1) unilateral adaptation of perceived promises to reality and (2) adaptation of perceived promise…
Factors influencing absenteeism and intention to leave in a call centre
Personal, job, as well as contract characteristics and workplace attitudes were related to frequency of absenteeism and intention to leave of call centre employees. Frequency of absenteeism and intention to leave were found to be mainly influenced by contract characteristics and workplace attitudes, while job characteristics and personal characteristics were less important
Prejudice toward immigrant workers among Dutch employees: Integrated threat theory revisited
Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) (Stephan & Stephan, 1993 , 1996 ) describes four types of threats as mediators in the relation between antecedent factors (previous intergroup conflict, intergroup contact, status inequalities, in‐group identification, knowledge about the out‐group, and intergroup contact) and prejudice. The four mediating types of threats, which influence prejudice according to ITT are: intergroup anxiety, negative stereotyping, re…
Towards a Dynamic Model of the Psychological Contract
This paper presents a dynamic perspective in which the psychological contract is treated as a structured set of beliefs that are held by individual employees about the mutual obligations of the organization as employer and themselves as employees. This set of beliefs is assumed to produce a state of commitment to the organization in which the employee is willing to accept work roles and tasks offered by the organization, and to carry them out in …
Literature review of theory and research on the psychological impact of temporary employment: Towards a conceptual model
The increased use of temporary contracts has instigated debates on possible implications for employees’ attitudes, well‐being and behaviour. The complex issues related to this debate are reviewed from a theoretical, empirical and conceptual point of view. First, the definitions of temporary employment that are currently used in OECD countries are reviewed. Second, theoretical views concerning possible determinants are elaborated. The theoretical …
How to Measure the Psychological Contract? A Critical Criteria-Based Review of Measures
In this article we analyse the different ways in which psychological contracts are measured. On the basis of criteria for measurement and scale development psychological contract measurements are put to a test. The criteria are related to the way the measurement is developed and evaluated, and the specific conceptualisations of the content and evaluation of the psychological contract. Existing questionnaires to measure the psychological contract …
Influence of Pre-Merger Employment Relations and Individual Characteristics on the Psychological Contract
Organisational changes and transformations, in which employees are exposed to mergers, acquisitions and take-overs of their organisations, are a common phenomenon these days. Empirical evidence on the formation of initial trust in new organisational relationships has shown that past experiences are an important determinant of an individual's intention to trust another party. In this article the aim is to assess the influence of a prior employment…
The relationship between fulfilment of the psychological contract and resistance to change during organizational transformations
Because of ongoing globalization, changing markets and political developments, the degree of organizational change has increased significantly in the last decades. Organizations value employees who are willing and able to respond positively to change. Trust and social capital, based on fulfilling mutual expectations are important determinants of successful organizational change. The present study investigates the relationship between fulfilment o…
The Relationship Between Governance Roles and Performance in Local Public Interorganizational Networks: A Conceptual Analysis
Local public networks can be governed in many different ways. Among scholars as well as among practitioners, there is some debate about the best approach. Based on literature, this article examines the relationship between local public network governance roles, contingency factors, and network performance in a theoretically informed way. Governance roles are positioned on a continuum from top-down (commissioner) to bottom-up (facilitator), with a…
Social Workers’ Orientation Toward the Evidence-Based Practice Process: A Dutch Survey
We recommend educators to take a more active role in teaching the EBP process to students and social workers
How is participation related to well-being of homeless people? An explorative qualitative study in a Dutch homeless shelter facility
The majority of homeless people is socially excluded which negatively affects their well-being. Therefore, participation-based programs are needed. The current research is conducted within a Dutch homeless shelter facility that offers educational, recreational, and labor activities to clients in an environment which is designed to feel safe (an enabling niche). The main aim of these activities is to facilitate social participation. We conducted t…
The girls work method: What is the role of empowerment in building girls’ agency
Girls Work, as one of the methods used by professional youth work, focuses on helping vulnerable girls to shape their own lives (a capacity also referred to as ‘agency’). In this study, it is hypothesised that the methodical principles (i.e. the guiding principles of the methodical actions of the youth worker) contribute to the empowerment process of girls, which in turn leads to the development of girls’ agency. Serial mediation was used to test…
The role of social environment in acquiring agency in Girls Work
Partnership Research: A Pathway to Realize Multistakeholder Participation
Partnership research projects between academic researchers, service providers, policy makers, and persons from vulnerable populations are increasingly promoted as a means to inform and improve research and practice. Key elements in partnership research are the participation of multiple stakeholders and a shared responsibility and control over ideas, processes, and outcomes. This sounds clear, yet it is susceptible to various interpretations and c…
How to Enhance Social Participation and Well-Being in (Formerly) Homeless Clients: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
© 2019, The Author(s). In the present study we examined care-related and demographic predictors of well-being among 225 (formerly) homeless clients of a Dutch organisation providing shelter services and ambulatory care (shelter facility). The role of social participation as a mediator was considered. Social participation is important for homeless people, as they are often socially isolated. Moreover, social participation enhances well-being and i…
The contribution of professional youth work to the development of socially vulnerable youngsters: A multiple case study
The central question in this study is how, for whom, and under which conditions professional youth work contributes to the personal development of socially vulnerable youngsters, the reinforcement of their social network, the enhancement of their social participation, and the timely finding of appropriate specialized care services in relation to contextual factors such as life events and the influence of significant others. This research used a m…
Growth Through Participation: A Longitudinal Study of a Participation-Based Intervention for (Formerly) Homeless People
The current longitudinal study examined a participation-based intervention for homeless and formerly homeless clients, growth through participation (GTP), developed by a Dutch organization providing shelter services and ambulatory care. GTP is based on a combination of group and individual approaches, whereby clients are enabled to learn to identify their strengths and talents, to develop social skills through interaction with each other, and to …
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in a Dutch Social Work Organisation: A Shared Responsibility
This article presents the findings from a case study, exploring the factors that support and impede implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in a Dutch social work organisation that has recently committed to EBP. Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with ten staff members and twelve social workers (service providers for adults and families). The organisational model for EBP implementation, recently developed by Pl…
The Importance of Self-Mastery in Enhancing Quality of Life and Social Participation of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Results of a Mixed-Method Study
Self-mastery plays a basic role in strength-based and recovery-oriented approaches applied by (mental) health-care institutions and social services. However, no research has been conducted on a comprehensive model that could provide insight into enhancing self-mastery and outcomes, such as social participation and quality of life, for individuals experiencing homelessness. The current mixed-method study investigated associations between person-re…
Measuring Instruments for Empowerment in Social Work: A Scoping Review
Empowerment is seen as an important thinking and working framework for social work. Ideally, it is possible to measure the empowering effects of social work. However, various factors complicate measuring empowerment, making it a difficult exercise. In past decades many instruments for measuring empowerment have been developed and there are many variations in the way these instruments have been developed. The aim of this review is to provide a com…
Professional youth work as a preventive service: Towards an integrated conceptual framework
Knowledge of how professional youth work might prevent individual and social problems in socially vulnerable youngsters is poorly developed. This article presents a conceptual framework that clarifies the implicit methodical process used by professional youth workers and focuses on what stakeholders regard as the potential of professional youth work as a preventive service. A qualitative research synthesis approach was used to combine the finding…
Methodical principles and prevention-focused outcomes in professional youth work: A longitudinal analysis
Previous research has suggested that professional youth work settings empower socially vulnerable youngsters, strengthening their personal development and social participation. It is expected that youth work can prevent personal and social problems of youngsters, which may have longer term positive social returns. How the underlying methodical way of acting of youth workers contributes to prevention-focused outcomes remains unclear. This article …
The Contribution of Professional Youth Work to the Personal Development and Social Participation of Socially Vulnerable Youngsters: A Dutch Longitudinal Cohort Study
This article focuses on how length of participation in professional youth work is associated with five outcome variables: prosocial skills, self-mastery, social network, civic participation (volunteering and organizing activities) and finding support from social care services. The study was designed as a longitudinal cohort study of four waves during a 16-month period, gathering the data of 1597 youngsters aged 10–24 who participated in Dutch pro…
The complexity of constructing empowerment measuring instruments: A delphi study
The value of empowerment as a central concept for social work implies the potential benefits of measurement to understand how this value is materialised in social work. The way in which instruments are developed and constructed impact their quality. With regard to the complexity of measuring empowerment, this article aims to provide insights in experts’ views on the theoretical requirements to measuring empowerment in social work. A Delphi study …
Psychology (23 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Political science (16 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Public relations (11 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Social Work (10 works) · Community Health and Development (9 works) · Business (7 works)