J Stephen Athens
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 334583 |
|---|---|
| NOME | J Stephen Athens |
| PRENOMES | J Stephen |
| SOBRENOME | Athens |
| ASSINATURA | ATHENS J S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | International Archaeological Research Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4502-4535 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 89 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Settlement and Subsistence in the Remote Western Pacific
Small, remote islands were marginal environments for prehistoric human populations. We report archaeological and radiocarbon data from Alamagan, a small and isolated island in the northern part of the Mariana Islands archipelago. Challenging environmental conditions, including rugged terrain, active or recent volcanism, and uncertain freshwater availability posed significant challenges for permanent settlement throughout the Northern Islands. The…
Hawaiian Native Lowland Vegetation in Prehistory
The Growth and Collapse of Pacific Island Societies
Were there major population collapses on Pacific Islands following first contact with the West? If so, what were the actual population numbers for islands such as Hawai‘i, Tahiti, or New Caledonia? Is it possible to develop new methods for tracking the long-term histories of island populations? These and related questions are at the heart of this new book, which draws together cutting-edge research by archaeologists, ethnographers, and demographe…
Late Holocene Human Expansion into Near and Remote Oceania
Since the investigations of Spoehr in the 1950s, most researchers have accepted a date of ∼3500 BP/1500 BC for the initial human settlement of the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific. The relationship of this early expansion beyond Island Southeast Asia, characterized by Lapita-like pottery, to the appearance of Lapita in Near Oceania, generally was either given little thought or largely ignored. The Lapita settlement of Near Oceania is almost…
Early Prehistoric Maize in Northern Highland Ecuador
The discovery of the fully developed Formative sites of Cotocallao (ca. 3750-2350 cal. B.P.) in the Quito Basin and La Chimba (ca. 2650-1700 cal. B.P.) in the northern highlands of Ecuador has raised questions about their cultural antecedents, which have not been resolved despite decades of archaeological work in the region. Paleoenvironmental coring investigations were conducted at Lake San Pablo in northern highland Ecuador to determine the dat…
Mid- to late Holocene landscape change and anthropogenic transformations on Mo‘orea, Society Islands
Archaeology’s ability to generate long-term datasets of natural and human landscape change positions the discipline as an inter-disciplinary bridge between the social and natural sciences. Using a multi-proxy approach combining archaeological data with palaeoenvironmental indicators embedded in coastal sediments, we outline millennial timescales of lowland landscape evolution in the Society Islands. Geomorphic and cultural histories for four coas…
Re-dating of the Kuli'ou'ou Rockshelter, O'ahu, Hawai'i
Kuli'ou'ou Rockshelter (Site O1) in the Hawaiian Islands has a certain status as the first archaeological site in the Pacific Islands to be directly dated via the then newly introduced radiocarbon method. The original date of 946 ± 180 before 1950, from the base of the rockshelter's cultural deposit, greatly influenced archaeologists' views of regional cultural sequences in Eastern Polynesia. We present the results of six new AMS 14C dates run on…
A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai'l
Recent estimates of when Hawai'i was colonized by Polynesians display considerable variability, with dates ranging from about A.D. 800 to 1250. Using high resolution paleoenvironmental coring data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, a Bayesian model for initial settlement was constructed. The pollen and charcoal assemblages of the core record made it possible to identify and date the prehuman period and also the start…
Pohnpei Coring Records
Dating, pollen, and charcoal particle findings are presented from two mangrove swamp cores recovered from Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia. The cores, from opposite sides of the island, provide continuous sediment se- quences dating from the early Holocene. Pollen analysis demonstrates that the giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis), an important cultigen on many islands in the Western Pacific, was growing on Pohnpei during prehu…
Altered Ecologies
Latte Period Occupation on Pagan and Sarigan, Northern Mariana Islands
Archaeological survey documented traditional Latte Period occupations on Pagan and Sarigan in the northern Mariana Islands. Despite the environmental challenges of these locations, including seasonal water scarcity, active volcanism, and extremely rugged terrain, Latte Period remains were abundant. On Pagan and Sarigan 127 and 59 Latte Period features, respectively, were identified, suggesting fairly dense settlement and confirming early Spanish …
[Archaeology in Island Southeast Asia and Oceania] Austronesian Colonization of the Mariana Islands
Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile
Two issues long debated among Pacific and American prehistorians are ( i ) whether there was a pre-Columbian introduction of chicken ( Gallus gallus ) to the Americas and ( ii ) whether Polynesian contact with South America might be identified archaeologically, through the recovery of remains of unquestionable Polynesian origin. We present a radiocarbon date and an ancient DNA sequence from a single chicken bone recovered from the archaeological …
Integration of Coastal Geomorphology, Mythology, and Archaeological Evidence at Kualoa Beach, Windward O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands
Coastal geomorphology, mythic traditions, and archaeological evidence are integrated for a case study at Kualoa Beach in windward O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands. The creation of coastal landforms and the effects of high-sea events appear to be encoded in the language of myth and folklore. Archaeological deposits can be understood in relation to several natural and cultural processes of deposition, disturbance, and erosion over an uninterrupted sequence …
Holocene Paleoshoreline and Paleoenvironmental History of Palau
Information from cores into the offshore reefs of Komebail Lagoon and into the coastal fringes of Babeldaob and neighboring islets allows the first well-constrained appraisal of the Holocene paleoshoreline history of Palau. Bulk subsidence of the island group since ∼5 kyr at a rate of ∼0.55 mm/yr is indicated jointly by both the offshore and the onshore datasets. Persistent subsidence of paleoshorelines since the initial human settlement of Palau…
Evaluating the effects of climate change on environment, resource depletion, and culture in the Palau Islands between AD 1200 and 1600
Avifaunal extinctions, vegetation change, and Polynesian impacts in prehistoric Hawai'i
Pre‐contact avifaunal extinctions in Hawai'i generally have been attributed to human predation and/or landscape alteration by colonizing Polynesians. However, until recently there have been insufficient data for evaluating most of the important variables involved in this issue. This situation has changed with recent archaeological, paleontological, and wetland coring research conducted on O'ahu's ‘Ewa Plain, a hot, dry emerged limestone reef char…
A High Elevation Zooarchaeological Assemblage from the Northern Andes of Ecuador
A High Elevation Zooarchaeological Assemblage from the Northern Andes of Ecuador
The largest vertebrate zooarchaeological assemblage yet recorded in the northern Andean highlands-almost 40,000 specimens-was recovered during excavations at the La Chimba site, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. This 700 B.C. to A.C. 250 assemblage is rich in specimens from animal taxa characteristic of high elevation páramo grassland environments, and is unevenly dominated by specimens of rabbit and deer. Entire skeletons of both taxa were likely bro…
The Late Quaternary of the Western Amazon
The Amazon rain-forest we know today is quite a recent phenomenon. New research on climate and vegetation changes from a series of cores in Ecuador provide a chronology for early agriculture and forest clearance from early Holocene times
Development of an agroforest on a Micronesian high island
The impact of the human presence on the fauna of a Pacific island is often immediately archaeologically visible in the slaughter of its land birds seen in the bones. The impact on vegetation is less distinct archaeologically, and many of the Pacific cultigens have soft tissues which rarely preserve. So a study of prehistoric agriculture on one of the high Micronesian islands largely involves pollen and charcoal
Ethnicity and Adaptation
The Site of Pumpuentsa and the Pastaza Phase in Southeastern Lowland Ecuador
The Pumpuentsa archaeological site, located in the tropical lowlands of southeastern Ecuador, was discov ered during a brief reconnaissance in August of 1976 (Athens, 1985).1 The materials recovered from a small test excavation serve to highlight some of the problems in current interpretations of the Pastaza Phase with which the site seems to be affiliated. This article will review these problems as well as dis cuss findings from the Pumpuentsa s…
Formative Period Occupations in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador
The proposal by Myers, Reidhead, and Brouillard of Valdivia-Machalilla-related occupations in the northern highlands of Ecuador is challenged. Stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates from the La Chimba site do not support the concept of an Early Formative Espejo phase. Additional evidence from the Im 11 site reinforces this conclusion. In sum, the prehistoric chronology of the northern highlands appears to be quite distinct from that of the Ecuadorian…
A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai'l
Recent estimates of when Hawai'i was colonized by Polynesians display considerable variability, with dates ranging from about A.D. 800 to 1250. Using high resolution paleoenvironmental coring data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, a Bayesian model for initial settlement was constructed. The pollen and charcoal assemblages of the core record made it possible to identify and date the prehuman period and also the start…
The Late Quaternary of the Western Amazon
The Amazon rain-forest we know today is quite a recent phenomenon. New research on climate and vegetation changes from a series of cores in Ecuador provide a chronology for early agriculture and forest clearance from early Holocene times
Late Holocene Human Expansion into Near and Remote Oceania
Since the investigations of Spoehr in the 1950s, most researchers have accepted a date of ∼3500 BP/1500 BC for the initial human settlement of the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific. The relationship of this early expansion beyond Island Southeast Asia, characterized by Lapita-like pottery, to the appearance of Lapita in Near Oceania, generally was either given little thought or largely ignored. The Lapita settlement of Near Oceania is almost…
Development of an agroforest on a Micronesian high island
The impact of the human presence on the fauna of a Pacific island is often immediately archaeologically visible in the slaughter of its land birds seen in the bones. The impact on vegetation is less distinct archaeologically, and many of the Pacific cultigens have soft tissues which rarely preserve. So a study of prehistoric agriculture on one of the high Micronesian islands largely involves pollen and charcoal
Mid- to late Holocene landscape change and anthropogenic transformations on Mo‘orea, Society Islands
Archaeology’s ability to generate long-term datasets of natural and human landscape change positions the discipline as an inter-disciplinary bridge between the social and natural sciences. Using a multi-proxy approach combining archaeological data with palaeoenvironmental indicators embedded in coastal sediments, we outline millennial timescales of lowland landscape evolution in the Society Islands. Geomorphic and cultural histories for four coas…
Early Prehistoric Maize in Northern Highland Ecuador
The discovery of the fully developed Formative sites of Cotocallao (ca. 3750-2350 cal. B.P.) in the Quito Basin and La Chimba (ca. 2650-1700 cal. B.P.) in the northern highlands of Ecuador has raised questions about their cultural antecedents, which have not been resolved despite decades of archaeological work in the region. Paleoenvironmental coring investigations were conducted at Lake San Pablo in northern highland Ecuador to determine the dat…
Holocene Paleoshoreline and Paleoenvironmental History of Palau
Information from cores into the offshore reefs of Komebail Lagoon and into the coastal fringes of Babeldaob and neighboring islets allows the first well-constrained appraisal of the Holocene paleoshoreline history of Palau. Bulk subsidence of the island group since ∼5 kyr at a rate of ∼0.55 mm/yr is indicated jointly by both the offshore and the onshore datasets. Persistent subsidence of paleoshorelines since the initial human settlement of Palau…
Integration of Coastal Geomorphology, Mythology, and Archaeological Evidence at Kualoa Beach, Windward O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands
Coastal geomorphology, mythic traditions, and archaeological evidence are integrated for a case study at Kualoa Beach in windward O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands. The creation of coastal landforms and the effects of high-sea events appear to be encoded in the language of myth and folklore. Archaeological deposits can be understood in relation to several natural and cultural processes of deposition, disturbance, and erosion over an uninterrupted sequence …
A High Elevation Zooarchaeological Assemblage from the Northern Andes of Ecuador
The largest vertebrate zooarchaeological assemblage yet recorded in the northern Andean highlands-almost 40,000 specimens-was recovered during excavations at the La Chimba site, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. This 700 B.C. to A.C. 250 assemblage is rich in specimens from animal taxa characteristic of high elevation páramo grassland environments, and is unevenly dominated by specimens of rabbit and deer. Entire skeletons of both taxa were likely bro…
Re-dating of the Kuli'ou'ou Rockshelter, O'ahu, Hawai'i
Kuli'ou'ou Rockshelter (Site O1) in the Hawaiian Islands has a certain status as the first archaeological site in the Pacific Islands to be directly dated via the then newly introduced radiocarbon method. The original date of 946 ± 180 before 1950, from the base of the rockshelter's cultural deposit, greatly influenced archaeologists' views of regional cultural sequences in Eastern Polynesia. We present the results of six new AMS 14C dates run on…
Latte Period Occupation on Pagan and Sarigan, Northern Mariana Islands
Archaeological survey documented traditional Latte Period occupations on Pagan and Sarigan in the northern Mariana Islands. Despite the environmental challenges of these locations, including seasonal water scarcity, active volcanism, and extremely rugged terrain, Latte Period remains were abundant. On Pagan and Sarigan 127 and 59 Latte Period features, respectively, were identified, suggesting fairly dense settlement and confirming early Spanish …
The Site of Pumpuentsa and the Pastaza Phase in Southeastern Lowland Ecuador
The Pumpuentsa archaeological site, located in the tropical lowlands of southeastern Ecuador, was discov ered during a brief reconnaissance in August of 1976 (Athens, 1985).1 The materials recovered from a small test excavation serve to highlight some of the problems in current interpretations of the Pastaza Phase with which the site seems to be affiliated. This article will review these problems as well as dis cuss findings from the Pumpuentsa s…
Formative Period Occupations in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador
The proposal by Myers, Reidhead, and Brouillard of Valdivia-Machalilla-related occupations in the northern highlands of Ecuador is challenged. Stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates from the La Chimba site do not support the concept of an Early Formative Espejo phase. Additional evidence from the Im 11 site reinforces this conclusion. In sum, the prehistoric chronology of the northern highlands appears to be quite distinct from that of the Ecuadorian…
The Site of Pumpuentsa and the Pastaza Phase in Southeastern Lowland Ecuador
The Pumpuentsa archaeological site, located in the tropical lowlands of southeastern Ecuador, was discov ered during a brief reconnaissance in August of 1976 (Athens, 1985).1 The materials recovered from a small test excavation serve to highlight some of the problems in current interpretations of the Pastaza Phase with which the site seems to be affiliated. This article will review these problems as well as dis cuss findings from the Pumpuentsa s…
Ethnicity and Adaptation
Development of an agroforest on a Micronesian high island
The impact of the human presence on the fauna of a Pacific island is often immediately archaeologically visible in the slaughter of its land birds seen in the bones. The impact on vegetation is less distinct archaeologically, and many of the Pacific cultigens have soft tissues which rarely preserve. So a study of prehistoric agriculture on one of the high Micronesian islands largely involves pollen and charcoal
The Late Quaternary of the Western Amazon
The Amazon rain-forest we know today is quite a recent phenomenon. New research on climate and vegetation changes from a series of cores in Ecuador provide a chronology for early agriculture and forest clearance from early Holocene times
A High Elevation Zooarchaeological Assemblage from the Northern Andes of Ecuador
A High Elevation Zooarchaeological Assemblage from the Northern Andes of Ecuador
The largest vertebrate zooarchaeological assemblage yet recorded in the northern Andean highlands-almost 40,000 specimens-was recovered during excavations at the La Chimba site, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. This 700 B.C. to A.C. 250 assemblage is rich in specimens from animal taxa characteristic of high elevation páramo grassland environments, and is unevenly dominated by specimens of rabbit and deer. Entire skeletons of both taxa were likely bro…
Avifaunal extinctions, vegetation change, and Polynesian impacts in prehistoric Hawai'i
Pre‐contact avifaunal extinctions in Hawai'i generally have been attributed to human predation and/or landscape alteration by colonizing Polynesians. However, until recently there have been insufficient data for evaluating most of the important variables involved in this issue. This situation has changed with recent archaeological, paleontological, and wetland coring research conducted on O'ahu's ‘Ewa Plain, a hot, dry emerged limestone reef char…
Evaluating the effects of climate change on environment, resource depletion, and culture in the Palau Islands between AD 1200 and 1600
Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile
Two issues long debated among Pacific and American prehistorians are ( i ) whether there was a pre-Columbian introduction of chicken ( Gallus gallus ) to the Americas and ( ii ) whether Polynesian contact with South America might be identified archaeologically, through the recovery of remains of unquestionable Polynesian origin. We present a radiocarbon date and an ancient DNA sequence from a single chicken bone recovered from the archaeological …
Integration of Coastal Geomorphology, Mythology, and Archaeological Evidence at Kualoa Beach, Windward O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands
Coastal geomorphology, mythic traditions, and archaeological evidence are integrated for a case study at Kualoa Beach in windward O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands. The creation of coastal landforms and the effects of high-sea events appear to be encoded in the language of myth and folklore. Archaeological deposits can be understood in relation to several natural and cultural processes of deposition, disturbance, and erosion over an uninterrupted sequence …
Holocene Paleoshoreline and Paleoenvironmental History of Palau
Information from cores into the offshore reefs of Komebail Lagoon and into the coastal fringes of Babeldaob and neighboring islets allows the first well-constrained appraisal of the Holocene paleoshoreline history of Palau. Bulk subsidence of the island group since ∼5 kyr at a rate of ∼0.55 mm/yr is indicated jointly by both the offshore and the onshore datasets. Persistent subsidence of paleoshorelines since the initial human settlement of Palau…
[Archaeology in Island Southeast Asia and Oceania] Austronesian Colonization of the Mariana Islands
Pohnpei Coring Records
Dating, pollen, and charcoal particle findings are presented from two mangrove swamp cores recovered from Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia. The cores, from opposite sides of the island, provide continuous sediment se- quences dating from the early Holocene. Pollen analysis demonstrates that the giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis), an important cultigen on many islands in the Western Pacific, was growing on Pohnpei during prehu…
Altered Ecologies
Latte Period Occupation on Pagan and Sarigan, Northern Mariana Islands
Archaeological survey documented traditional Latte Period occupations on Pagan and Sarigan in the northern Mariana Islands. Despite the environmental challenges of these locations, including seasonal water scarcity, active volcanism, and extremely rugged terrain, Latte Period remains were abundant. On Pagan and Sarigan 127 and 59 Latte Period features, respectively, were identified, suggesting fairly dense settlement and confirming early Spanish …
Mid- to late Holocene landscape change and anthropogenic transformations on Mo‘orea, Society Islands
Archaeology’s ability to generate long-term datasets of natural and human landscape change positions the discipline as an inter-disciplinary bridge between the social and natural sciences. Using a multi-proxy approach combining archaeological data with palaeoenvironmental indicators embedded in coastal sediments, we outline millennial timescales of lowland landscape evolution in the Society Islands. Geomorphic and cultural histories for four coas…
Re-dating of the Kuli'ou'ou Rockshelter, O'ahu, Hawai'i
Kuli'ou'ou Rockshelter (Site O1) in the Hawaiian Islands has a certain status as the first archaeological site in the Pacific Islands to be directly dated via the then newly introduced radiocarbon method. The original date of 946 ± 180 before 1950, from the base of the rockshelter's cultural deposit, greatly influenced archaeologists' views of regional cultural sequences in Eastern Polynesia. We present the results of six new AMS 14C dates run on…
A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai'l
Recent estimates of when Hawai'i was colonized by Polynesians display considerable variability, with dates ranging from about A.D. 800 to 1250. Using high resolution paleoenvironmental coring data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, a Bayesian model for initial settlement was constructed. The pollen and charcoal assemblages of the core record made it possible to identify and date the prehuman period and also the start…
Early Prehistoric Maize in Northern Highland Ecuador
The discovery of the fully developed Formative sites of Cotocallao (ca. 3750-2350 cal. B.P.) in the Quito Basin and La Chimba (ca. 2650-1700 cal. B.P.) in the northern highlands of Ecuador has raised questions about their cultural antecedents, which have not been resolved despite decades of archaeological work in the region. Paleoenvironmental coring investigations were conducted at Lake San Pablo in northern highland Ecuador to determine the dat…
The Growth and Collapse of Pacific Island Societies
Were there major population collapses on Pacific Islands following first contact with the West? If so, what were the actual population numbers for islands such as Hawai‘i, Tahiti, or New Caledonia? Is it possible to develop new methods for tracking the long-term histories of island populations? These and related questions are at the heart of this new book, which draws together cutting-edge research by archaeologists, ethnographers, and demographe…
Late Holocene Human Expansion into Near and Remote Oceania
Since the investigations of Spoehr in the 1950s, most researchers have accepted a date of ∼3500 BP/1500 BC for the initial human settlement of the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific. The relationship of this early expansion beyond Island Southeast Asia, characterized by Lapita-like pottery, to the appearance of Lapita in Near Oceania, generally was either given little thought or largely ignored. The Lapita settlement of Near Oceania is almost…
Hawaiian Native Lowland Vegetation in Prehistory
Settlement and Subsistence in the Remote Western Pacific
Small, remote islands were marginal environments for prehistoric human populations. We report archaeological and radiocarbon data from Alamagan, a small and isolated island in the northern part of the Mariana Islands archipelago. Challenging environmental conditions, including rugged terrain, active or recent volcanism, and uncertain freshwater availability posed significant challenges for permanent settlement throughout the Northern Islands. The…
Geography (24 obras) · Archaeology (22 obras) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (19 obras) · Geology (14 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (11 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (11 obras) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (9 obras) · Biology (8 obras) · Ecology (8 obras) · Geology (8 obras)