G R Scott
Biographic Data
| ID | 33769 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G R Scott |
| GIVEN NAMES | G R |
| FAMILY NAME | Scott |
| SIGNATURE | SCOTT G R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nevada, Reno |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2328-8003 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 171 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1905 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Dental morphology and ancient human dispersals within and out of Africa
We used traits from the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) to investigate the Out-of-Africa II dispersal (∼70,000–50,000 BP) and biogeographic dynamics within the continent since the Late Pleistocene. Mean measure of divergence (MMD) distances from 32 recent global and five Early-Late Holocene African dental samples ( n = 3167 individuals) were compared with F ST distances from matched genetic samples ( n = 566), serving…
Reconstructing diet after the fall of the Wari Empire in the central Andean Highlands: A study of human dental calculus
Dental calculus is a sustainable method to reconstruct ancient human diets. • Samples from individuals at the site of Huari in the Ayacucho Basin are analyzed. • Calculus results are compared with collagen and carbonate data from the region. • Results are consistent with other dietary reconstructions from the Ayacucho Basin. Stable isotopes from bones and teeth have been used to reconstruct human lifeways in bioarchaeological research for over 30…
Rasudas2: A New Iteration of the Application for Assessing the Population Affinity of Individuals by Tooth Crown and Root Morphology
The web-based application rASUDAS, originally based on data from "The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth," has been refined since its inception in 2015, undergoing two significant updates. The initial alpha version included 12 crown and five root traits. The beta version expanded the list to 15 crown traits and six root traits. The latest iteration, rASUDAS2, has expanded to include four additional traits along with seven backup traits, allowing …
Stable isotopes and paleodiet of the ancient inhabitants of Nueva Esperanza: A late Holocene site from Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia)
Stable isotope-based dietary reconstructions of late Holocene agriculturalists from Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia) are limited to the late Muisca period. Accordingly, the dietary patterns and feeding behaviors of people living during the Herrera and Early Muisca periods remain largely unknown. This study aims to present new stable isotope data to discuss the dietary patterns of agriculturalists inhabiting Nueva Esperanza (Sabana de Bogota) during th…
World variation in three-rooted lower second molars and implications for the hominin fossil record
Multiple occurrences of the rare Uto‐Aztecan premolar variant in Hungary point to ancient ties between populations of western Eurasia and the Americas
The Uto‐Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a rare dental morphological variant long thought to be restricted to non‐Arctic Native Americans. The recent discovery of four individuals with this trait in a Hungarian sample invites reassessment of its geographic distribution. Our goal is to assess the variation of this trait on a global level and provide an explanation for its distribution. Observations on over 300 medieval Hungarian dentitions, along with da…
Towards an interdisciplinary perspective for the study of human expansions and biocultural diversity in the Americas
Examining the frequency of crenulated premolars and their association with crenulated molars
1238). Crenulations on the molars of the same individuals were also recorded to assess the relationship between occurrences on premolars and molars. Observations were compiled into frequency tables and analyzed using chi-square tests and correspondence analysis; relationships among teeth were quantified with polychoric correlation coefficients. Although crenulated premolars are observed rarely overall, the frequency of occurrence is significantly…
Peopling the Americas: Not “Out of Japan”
A widely accepted model for the peopling of the Americas postulates a source population in the Northeast Asian maritime region, which includes northern Japan. The model is based on similarities in stone artifacts (stemmed points) found in North American sites dating as early as 15,000 years ago and those of comparable age in Japan and neighboring regions of Northeast Asia. Here we show, on the basis of data and analyses in biological anthropology…
Dental Anthropology
Do dental nonmetric traits actually work as proxies for neutral genomic data? Some answers from continental‐ and global‐level analyses
Objectives Crown and root traits, like those in the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS), are seemingly useful as genetic proxies. However, recent studies report mixed results concerning their heritability, and ability to assess variation to the level of genomic data. The aim is to test further if such traits can approximate genetic relatedness, among continental and global samples. Materials and Methods First, for 12 Afri…
A Dental Metric Study of Medieval, Post Medieval, and Modern Basque Populations from Northern Spain
Basque population history has been examined through classic genetic markers, mtDNA, Y chromosome haplogroups, craniometrics, and recently dental morphology. Dental morphological data show Basques have a classic European dental pattern but fall as an outlier among European populations. Expanding on that work, Basque tooth size was examined to further evaluate the affinities of the Basque population. Mesiodistal and buccolingual maximum crown measu…
Global Distribution of Marginal Accessory Tubercles of the Maxillary Premolars
The present study assesses the global distribution of marginal accessory tubercles of the maxillary premolars. This trait, despite constituting one of the variables standardized by Turner and colleagues (1991), has received little attention in morphological studies. Frequencies were calculated from data sheets collected by Christy G. Turner II for mesial, distal, and mesial + distal grades. Different geographic patterns were identified for both t…
Molar crenulation trait definition and variation in modern human populations
Dental Anthropology
Unilateral absence of mandibular condyle in a Bronze Age male skeleton from Portugal
Sinodonty, Sundadonty, and the Beringian Standstill model: Issues of timing and migrations into the New World
In Memoriam: Christy G. Turner II (November 28, 1933 – July 27, 2013) Personal reflections on his legacy in dental anthropology and beyond
Hypotrophic Roots of the Upper Central Incisors – a Proposed New Discrete Dental Trait
This paper describes a newly defined nonmetric trait in the human dentition, i.e., Hypotrophic Roots of the Upper Central Incisors (HRUCI). Teeth presenting HRUCI are characterized by abnormally short roots whose crowns exhibit no apparent morphological alterations. The trait was observed in six samples from collective funerary sites in the Iberian Peninsula dated from the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic period
For Whom the Coin Tolls: Green Stained Teeth and Jaws In Medieval and Post-Medieval Spanish Burials
While observing dental characteristicsin Spanish and Basque skeletons from the Cathedralof Santa Maria in Vitoria, Spain, an unusual patternof staining was evident in 18 of 206 individuals. Thestain, which permeated bone, dentine, calculus, and/orenamel, varied in color from bright green to turquoise.Males and females, all age categories, and medieval andpost-medieval skeletons were equally affected. The greenstain was the result of an ancient pr…
Frequency of Occurrence and Degree of Expression of the Parastyle in Several Modern Human Populations: Frequency of Parastyle
The aims of this study are to describe the frequency of occurrence and degree of expression of the parastyle in six different ethnic groups; to assess inter- and intra-observer errors when scoring the feature; and to compare the expression of the feature in a small number of twin pairs. Dental casts were examined for evidence of the parastyle from samples available in the Adelaide Dental School. A dental plaque developed by Katich & Turner was us…
Rasudas: A New Web-Based Application for Estimating Ancestry from Tooth Morphology
The use of crown and root morphology to estimate population relationships has a long history in dental anthropology. Over the past two decades, methods employing dental morphology within forensic anthropology have been formalized with the incorporation of statistical models. This paper presents a new web-based application (rASUDAS) that estimates the ancestry of unknown individuals based on their suite of tooth crown and root traits. The applicat…
Human Tooth Crown and Root Morphology: The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System
This guide to scoring crown and root traits in human dentitions substantially builds on a seminal 1991 work by Turner, Nichol, and Scott. It provides detailed descriptions and multiple illustrations of each crown and root trait to help guide researchers to make consistent observations on trait expression, greatly reducing observer error. The book also reflects exciting new developments driven by technology that have significant ramifications for …
Protocolo de observação de morfologia dentária: Sistematização De Observações Em Contexto Profissional E De Formação Académica
Em bioarqueologia, a morfologia dentária centra-se em variáveis da coroa e da raiz que podem estar presentes ou ausentes e, quando presentes, frequentemente exibem variação na expressão, de ligeira a pronunciada (p. ex.: incisivos em pá, carácter de Carabelli). Estudos em gémeos e famílias demonstram que estes caracteres são predominantemente determinados por fatores genéticos. Numerosos estudos de populações demonstraram que os caracteres não-mé…
Beringia and the global dispersal of modern humans
Until recently, the settlement of the Americas seemed largely divorced from the out‐of‐Africa dispersal of anatomically modern humans, which began at least 50,000 years ago. Native Americans were thought to represent a small subset of the Eurasian population that migrated to the Western Hemisphere less than 15,000 years ago. Archeological discoveries since 2000 reveal, however, that Homo sapiens occupied the high‐latitude region between Northeast…
Dental chipping: Contrasting patterns of microtrauma in inuit and European populations
While the study of dental wear has enjoyed wide popularity for over 100 years, dental chipping, or microfractures of the tooth crown, has received little attention. Observations on dental chipping in populations from the Arctic (St. Lawrence Island, Alaska) and Europe (medieval Norway and Spain) reveal patterns of microtrauma that provide insights into the dietary and tooth‐tool use behaviour of earlier populations. St. Lawrence Island Inuit, wit…
The dental morphology of Pima Indians
Fourteen morphologic crown traits were observed in a sample of 1528 Pima Indians of south‐central Arizona. Pima dentitions are characterized by high frequencies of shoveling, incisor winging, the hypocone, the lower canine distal accessory ridge, cusp 6, and the protostylid. They exhibit low frequencies of the metaconule and lower premolar multiple lingual cusps and moderate frequencies of the canine tubercle, Carabelli's trait, cusp 7, and lower…
Paleodiet in northern Chile through the Holocene: Extremely heavy δ15N values in dental calculus suggest a guano-derived signature
Fluctuating asymmetry in molar dimensions and discrete morphological traits in Pima Indians
Asymmetry in mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters and in eight morphologic crown traits of permanent first and second molars was analyzed in a large Pima Indian sample. Analysis of antimeric differences indicates no consistent evidence for directional asymmetry in Pima molars for either dimensions or morphologic traits. Second molars show greater degrees of metric and morphologic asymmetry than first molars. There is no conclusive evidenc…
Do dental nonmetric traits actually work as proxies for neutral genomic data? Some answers from continental‐ and global‐level analyses
Objectives Crown and root traits, like those in the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS), are seemingly useful as genetic proxies. However, recent studies report mixed results concerning their heritability, and ability to assess variation to the level of genomic data. The aim is to test further if such traits can approximate genetic relatedness, among continental and global samples. Materials and Methods First, for 12 Afri…
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human dental calculus: A potentially new non-destructive proxy for paleodietary analysis
Rasudas: A New Web-Based Application for Estimating Ancestry from Tooth Morphology
The use of crown and root morphology to estimate population relationships has a long history in dental anthropology. Over the past two decades, methods employing dental morphology within forensic anthropology have been formalized with the incorporation of statistical models. This paper presents a new web-based application (rASUDAS) that estimates the ancestry of unknown individuals based on their suite of tooth crown and root traits. The applicat…
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability: The Case of Europe From Neolithic to Modern Times [and Comments and Reply]
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
For Whom the Coin Tolls: Green Stained Teeth and Jaws In Medieval and Post-Medieval Spanish Burials
While observing dental characteristicsin Spanish and Basque skeletons from the Cathedralof Santa Maria in Vitoria, Spain, an unusual patternof staining was evident in 18 of 206 individuals. Thestain, which permeated bone, dentine, calculus, and/orenamel, varied in color from bright green to turquoise.Males and females, all age categories, and medieval andpost-medieval skeletons were equally affected. The greenstain was the result of an ancient pr…
Men, Women, and Children Starving: Archaeology of the Donner Family Camp
In spring of 1846, the George and Jacob Donner families and some 80 traveling companions began their overland trek to California. When the party ascended the Sierra Nevada in late October, a snowstorm forced the group to bivouac. At this point, the train became separated into two contingents; the larger party camped near Donner Lake and the smaller group-including the Donner families-settled at Alder Creek. Though written accounts from the Lake s…
Towards an interdisciplinary perspective for the study of human expansions and biocultural diversity in the Americas
The Uto‐Aztecan premolar among North and South Amerindians: Geographic variation and genetics
The Uto‐Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a dental polymorphism characterized by an exaggerated distobuccal rotation of the paracone in combination with the presence of a fossa at the intersection of the distal occlusal ridge and distal marginal ridge of upper first premolars. This trait is important because, unlike other dental variants, it has been found exclusively in Native American populations. However, the trait's temporal and geographic variation …
Stable isotopes and paleodiet of the ancient inhabitants of Nueva Esperanza: A late Holocene site from Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia)
Stable isotope-based dietary reconstructions of late Holocene agriculturalists from Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia) are limited to the late Muisca period. Accordingly, the dietary patterns and feeding behaviors of people living during the Herrera and Early Muisca periods remain largely unknown. This study aims to present new stable isotope data to discuss the dietary patterns of agriculturalists inhabiting Nueva Esperanza (Sabana de Bogota) during th…
Palatine torus in the Greenlandic Norse
Physical anthropologists have long been intrigued by the distinctive oral tori expressed by the medieval Norse populations of Iceland and Greenland. To assess the temporal and spatial variation of one form of oral tori, palatine torus, observations were made on all available Greenlandic Norse skeletons, as well as on samples of medieval Icelanders and Norwegians. In terms of temporal variation, 12th to 14th century (medieval) Greenlanders from th…
Hypotrophic Roots of the Upper Central Incisors – a Proposed New Discrete Dental Trait
This paper describes a newly defined nonmetric trait in the human dentition, i.e., Hypotrophic Roots of the Upper Central Incisors (HRUCI). Teeth presenting HRUCI are characterized by abnormally short roots whose crowns exhibit no apparent morphological alterations. The trait was observed in six samples from collective funerary sites in the Iberian Peninsula dated from the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic period
Multiple occurrences of the rare Uto‐Aztecan premolar variant in Hungary point to ancient ties between populations of western Eurasia and the Americas
The Uto‐Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a rare dental morphological variant long thought to be restricted to non‐Arctic Native Americans. The recent discovery of four individuals with this trait in a Hungarian sample invites reassessment of its geographic distribution. Our goal is to assess the variation of this trait on a global level and provide an explanation for its distribution. Observations on over 300 medieval Hungarian dentitions, along with da…
A Dental Metric Study of Medieval, Post Medieval, and Modern Basque Populations from Northern Spain
Basque population history has been examined through classic genetic markers, mtDNA, Y chromosome haplogroups, craniometrics, and recently dental morphology. Dental morphological data show Basques have a classic European dental pattern but fall as an outlier among European populations. Expanding on that work, Basque tooth size was examined to further evaluate the affinities of the Basque population. Mesiodistal and buccolingual maximum crown measu…
Global Distribution of Marginal Accessory Tubercles of the Maxillary Premolars
The present study assesses the global distribution of marginal accessory tubercles of the maxillary premolars. This trait, despite constituting one of the variables standardized by Turner and colleagues (1991), has received little attention in morphological studies. Frequencies were calculated from data sheets collected by Christy G. Turner II for mesial, distal, and mesial + distal grades. Different geographic patterns were identified for both t…
Stable Isotopes and Oral Tori in Greenlandic Norse and Inuit: Oral Tori and Stable Isotopes in Greenlanders
Palatine (PT) and mandibular torus (MT) have long been of interest to dental researchers and anthropologists, but their aetiology remains unresolved. Some combination of genetic and environmental factors influences their expression, but the relative role of each remains contentious. Previous research has shown that the Greenlandic Norse exhibit exceptionally high frequencies and pronounced expressions of PT and MT. In this regard, they are signif…
The Problem of the Upper Yang-Tze Provinces and Their Communications: Discussion
Discussion of “Montgomery Dam—Rock Fill with Asphaltic Concrete Deck”
The Memoirs of Babikr Bedri
The Memoirs of Babikr Bedri
Natural Selection and Morphological Variability: The Case of Europe From Neolithic to Modern Times [and Comments and Reply]
Two hypotheses concerning the influence of natural selection intensity on intra- and interpopulational variability of metric characteristics of the human skull ar tested. Using data on 58 series from Europe and its environs dating from Neolithic to modern times, it has been found that with the decline of the decline of the intensity of operation of natural selection (1) intragroup variability increases, (2) intergroup variability decreases, and (…
The dental morphology of Pima Indians
Fourteen morphologic crown traits were observed in a sample of 1528 Pima Indians of south‐central Arizona. Pima dentitions are characterized by high frequencies of shoveling, incisor winging, the hypocone, the lower canine distal accessory ridge, cusp 6, and the protostylid. They exhibit low frequencies of the metaconule and lower premolar multiple lingual cusps and moderate frequencies of the canine tubercle, Carabelli's trait, cusp 7, and lower…
Fluctuating asymmetry in molar dimensions and discrete morphological traits in Pima Indians
Asymmetry in mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters and in eight morphologic crown traits of permanent first and second molars was analyzed in a large Pima Indian sample. Analysis of antimeric differences indicates no consistent evidence for directional asymmetry in Pima molars for either dimensions or morphologic traits. Second molars show greater degrees of metric and morphologic asymmetry than first molars. There is no conclusive evidenc…
Shovelling: A Statistical Analysis of Its Morphology. Yuji Mizoguchi
Dental Anthropology
Palatine torus in the Greenlandic Norse
Physical anthropologists have long been intrigued by the distinctive oral tori expressed by the medieval Norse populations of Iceland and Greenland. To assess the temporal and spatial variation of one form of oral tori, palatine torus, observations were made on all available Greenlandic Norse skeletons, as well as on samples of medieval Icelanders and Norwegians. In terms of temporal variation, 12th to 14th century (medieval) Greenlanders from th…
The early Pleistocene (latest Blancan-earliest Irvingtonian) Froman Ferry fauna and history of the Glenns Ferry Formation, southwestern Idaho
The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations
All humans share certain components of tooth structure, but show variation in size and morphology around this shared pattern which is studied by dental anthropologists. This book presents the first worldwide synthesis of the global variation in tooth structure in recent populations. It:describes the methods and assumptions used by dental anthropologistsdiscusses the genetic basis of nonmetric dental traitsportrays the geographic variation of toot…
The Dentition of American Indians: Evolutionary Results and Demographic Implications Following Colonization from Siberia
The Uto‐Aztecan premolar among North and South Amerindians: Geographic variation and genetics
The Uto‐Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a dental polymorphism characterized by an exaggerated distobuccal rotation of the paracone in combination with the presence of a fossa at the intersection of the distal occlusal ridge and distal marginal ridge of upper first premolars. This trait is important because, unlike other dental variants, it has been found exclusively in Native American populations. However, the trait's temporal and geographic variation …
Men, Women, and Children Starving: Archaeology of the Donner Family Camp
In spring of 1846, the George and Jacob Donner families and some 80 traveling companions began their overland trek to California. When the party ascended the Sierra Nevada in late October, a snowstorm forced the group to bivouac. At this point, the train became separated into two contingents; the larger party camped near Donner Lake and the smaller group-including the Donner families-settled at Alder Creek. Though written accounts from the Lake s…
Brief communication: Two‐rooted lower Canines—A European trait and sensitive indicator of admixture across Eurasia
With the exception of Carabelli's trait, the European dentition is better known for the morphological traits that it does not exhibit rather than the ones that it does. One root trait, however, runs counter to the characterization of reduced and simplified European crowns and roots. Although a rare trait in general, two‐rooted lower canines are much more common in Europeans than in any other regional grouping and, given adequate sample sizes, can…
Dental chipping: Contrasting patterns of microtrauma in inuit and European populations
While the study of dental wear has enjoyed wide popularity for over 100 years, dental chipping, or microfractures of the tooth crown, has received little attention. Observations on dental chipping in populations from the Arctic (St. Lawrence Island, Alaska) and Europe (medieval Norway and Spain) reveal patterns of microtrauma that provide insights into the dietary and tooth‐tool use behaviour of earlier populations. St. Lawrence Island Inuit, wit…
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human dental calculus: A potentially new non-destructive proxy for paleodietary analysis
Paleodiet in northern Chile through the Holocene: Extremely heavy δ15N values in dental calculus suggest a guano-derived signature
Obituary: Christy Gentry Turner II (November 28, 1933–July 27, 2013)
The Dentition of American Indians: Evolutionary Results and Demographic Implications Following Colonization from Siberia
Beringia and the global dispersal of modern humans
Until recently, the settlement of the Americas seemed largely divorced from the out‐of‐Africa dispersal of anatomically modern humans, which began at least 50,000 years ago. Native Americans were thought to represent a small subset of the Eurasian population that migrated to the Western Hemisphere less than 15,000 years ago. Archeological discoveries since 2000 reveal, however, that Homo sapiens occupied the high‐latitude region between Northeast…
Stable Isotopes and Oral Tori in Greenlandic Norse and Inuit: Oral Tori and Stable Isotopes in Greenlanders
Palatine (PT) and mandibular torus (MT) have long been of interest to dental researchers and anthropologists, but their aetiology remains unresolved. Some combination of genetic and environmental factors influences their expression, but the relative role of each remains contentious. Previous research has shown that the Greenlandic Norse exhibit exceptionally high frequencies and pronounced expressions of PT and MT. In this regard, they are signif…
Northern exposure: Mandibular torus in the Greenlandic Norse and the whole wide world
OBJECTIVES: In the first issue of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, E.A. Hooton noted the expression of Eskimoid characteristics in the Icelandic skull, one of which was mandibular torus. Our goal is to evaluate this trait in another North Atlantic population, the Greenlandic Norse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An investigation of mandibular torus was carried out on all Greenlandic Norse skeletons disinterred up to 1986 (n = 109), along wi…
Human Tooth Crown and Root Morphology: The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System
This guide to scoring crown and root traits in human dentitions substantially builds on a seminal 1991 work by Turner, Nichol, and Scott. It provides detailed descriptions and multiple illustrations of each crown and root trait to help guide researchers to make consistent observations on trait expression, greatly reducing observer error. The book also reflects exciting new developments driven by technology that have significant ramifications for …
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (29 works) · Geography (29 works) · Biology (25 works) · Archaeology (20 works) · Medicine (16 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Demography (13 works) · dental development and anomalies (12 works) · Dentistry (12 works) · Population (12 works)