Tuong Vu
Biographic Data
| ID | 339877 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tuong Vu |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tuong |
| FAMILY NAME | Vu |
| SIGNATURE | VU T |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oregon |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5128-8057 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 126 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Between the Party-State and the Global Order: The Evolution of Civil Society in Vietnam in Historical Perspective
This article examines the broad evolution of civil society in Vietnam in the last three decades within the context of global and domestic political changes. As the country became closely tied to the global economy and society, civil society underwent a rapid expansion before the ruling communist party recently deemed it a threat and suppressed it. The dramatic rise and recent retreat of civil society raise important questions about the possibilit…
War and Society in North Vietnam, 1964–1974
How were ordinary people in North Vietnam affected by the Second Indochinese War, and what did they feel about it? Drawing from a variety of hitherto unused Vietnamese-language sources, including archival documents, newspapers, memoirs, diaries, and an interview, this article tries to answer these questions. These sources suggest that war at first had a limited integrative effect on society as the party-state sought to mobilize more human and mat…
Round table for the 50 th anniversary of the Fall of Saigon, part 2: Vietnam’s American War
International audience
The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War
The third and final volume of The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War examines key domestic, regional, and international developments in the period before and after the war's end, including its legal, environmental, and memorial legacies. The latter stages of the Vietnam War witnessed its apex as a Cold War crucible. The Sino-Soviet dispute, Sino-American rapprochement, Soviet-American détente, and global counter-culturalism served in various wa…
The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War
When, how, and why did the Vietnam War begin? Although its end is dated April 30, 1975, there is no agreement as to when it began. The Vietnam War was an enormously complex conflict and while any comprehensive reckoning must include the role of the US, it was not an 'American War'. This volume presents the scholarship that has flourished since the 1990s to situate the war and its origins within longer chronologies and larger interpretative perspe…
The Cambridge History of Nationhood and Nationalism
This major new reference work with contributions from an international team of scholars provides a comprehensive account of ideas and practices of nationhood and nationalism from antiquity to the present. It considers both continuities and discontinuities, engaging critically and analytically with the scholarly literature in the field. In volume II, leading scholars in their fields explore the dynamics of nationhood and nationalism's interactions…
Building a Republican Nation in Vietnam, 1920–1963
Western observers have long considered communism to be synonymous with Vietnam’s modern historical experience. Eager to make sense of the North Vietnamese victory in the Vietnam War, scholars and journalists have spilled much ink on the history of Vietnamese communists. But this preoccupation has obscured the diversity of ideas and experiences that defined Vietnam in the twentieth century, in which communism represented just one of many tendencie…
Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Surviving Asian Communist Regimes from a Historical, Regional, and Holistic Approach
In this article, I propose a historically grounded, regionally framed, and holistically constructed framework and make three interrelated claims about the strengths and vulnerabilities of surviving communist regimes in Asia. First, these regimes’ resilience today has historical origins in the communist revolutions that founded not only the regimes but also modern nations and states. This foundation provided these regimes with ideological, symboli…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Authoritarian Resilience of Communist Regimes in Asia
This special issue focuses on the resilience of the communist regimes in Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and China. Three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, all four not only survived a hostile post-communist world dominated by liberal capitalism but have thrived economically. The five articles in this special issue hope to build on existing scholarship on authoritarian resilience while contributing in the following ways. First, by adopting …
The legacies of Marx and Lenin in Vietnam: A historical and regional perspective
In conversation with other essays in this collection but with a focus on Vietnam within a regional East Asian perspective, this essay explores the great significance of Marxist and Leninist legacies by reviewing the historical contexts in which Marxist and Leninist movements emerged as contenders in national politics, and the creation and evolution of socialist institutions where communists took power. Those institutions helped communist regimes …
Physician remuneration schemes, psychiatric hospitalizations and follow-up care: Evidence from blended fee-for-service and capitation models
In the Service of World Revolution: Vietnamese Communists’ Radical Ambitions through the Three Indochina Wars
The terms “decolonization” and “Cold War” refer to specific processes and periods in the international system, but they do not capture the full agency of local actors such as Vietnamese Communists. Based on recently available archival materials from Hanoi, this article maps those terms onto Vietnamese Communist thinking through four specific cases. The declassified materials underscore the North Vietnamese leaders’ deep commitment to a radical wo…
Revolution and world order: The case of the Islamic State (Isis)
Vietnam’s Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology
Vietnam's Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology
By tracing the evolving worldview of Vietnamese communists over 80 years as they led Vietnam through wars, social revolution, and peaceful development, this book shows the depth and resilience of their commitment to the communist utopia in their foreign policy. Unearthing new material from Vietnamese archives and publications, this book challenges the conventional scholarship and the popular image of the Vietnamese revolution and the Vietnam War …
The Revolutionary Path to State Formation in Vietnam
This essay examines the revolutionary path of modern state formation in Vietnam under the Vietnamese Communist Party. I argue that the party’s radical ideology and practices shaped the path of state formation by creating particular opportunities and conundrums in five key aspects of state formation: legitimization, establishing sovereignty, territorialization, creating a centralized bureaucracy, and monopolizing violence. The revolutionary state …
Socialism and Underdevelopment in Southeast Asia
The Party v. the People
The South China Sea conflict is spurring a popular nationalist movement in Vietnam that challenges the ruling communist Party by demanding Hà Nội to sever relations with its patron in Beijing. This paper examines this movement by connecting it to the often misunderstood historical relationship between the ruling Party and modern Vietnamese nationalism. This historical relationship explains why the Party has tried to suppress the movement and why …
Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution
A new perspective has begun to challenge both the conventional portrayal of the Vietnamese revolution and the communist account of its success. This essay takes stock of new research that presents revolutionary Vietnam in a more complex and less triumphal way. It is argued that Vietnam's nationalist revolution (1945–46) should be conceptually distinguished from the subsequent socialist revolution (1948–88). The former had a distinctly urban and b…
Workers under Communism
This essay compares the experience of workers and workplace politics under communism in the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, China, and Vietnam. State–labour relations in these contexts were fraught with tension from the start. Workers’ experience varied widely over time and space. Nevertheless, all workers were subject to state-imposed forms of domination at the workplace and in society at large. This domination was the effect of a powerful i…
Southeast Asia's New Nationalism: Causes and Significance
This paper explains the post-Cold War surge of nationalism in Southeast Asia and discusses its significance for regional peace and cooperation. As argued, the growth of nationalism as a form of mass politics has different causes in each Southeast Asian context where it occurs, but at the regional level the phenomenon can be explained by three factors: the failure of earlier nationalist movements to fully deliver their promises; a shift in the int…
Discussion of Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu's Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis
Comparative politics has witnessed periodic debates between proponents of contextually sensitive area studies research and others who view such work as unscientific, noncumulative, or of limited relevance for advancing broader social science knowledge. In Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis , edited by Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu, a group of bright, young Southeast Asianists argue that…
Văn Kiện Đảng Toán Tập: The Regime's Gamble and Researchers' Gains
Research Article| June 01 2010 Văn Kiện Đảng Toáán Tập: The Regime's Gamble and Researchers' Gains Tuong Vu Tuong Vu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Vietnamese Studies (2010) 5 (2): 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2010.5.2.183 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite …
Studying the State through State Formation
This article seeks to take stock of the insights offered by the fast-growing literature on comparative state formation, which is treated here as a neglected offshoot of the “bringing the state back in” movement of the 1980s. Unlike previous Eurocentric reviews of this literature, this article includes works that range broadly in time and geography. The author focuses particularly on two areas of interest to political scientists: the causes of bur…
Does Patronage Still Drive Politics for the Rural Poor in the Developing World? A Comparative Perspective from the Livestock Sector
Is the analysis of patron-client networks still important to the understanding of developing country politics or has it now been overtaken by a focus on 'social capital'? Drawing on seventeen country studies of the political environment for livestock policy in poor countries, this article concludes that although the nature of patronage has changed significantly, it remains highly relevant to the ways peasant interests are treated. Peasant populat…
Studying the State through State Formation
This article seeks to take stock of the insights offered by the fast-growing literature on comparative state formation, which is treated here as a neglected offshoot of the “bringing the state back in” movement of the 1980s. Unlike previous Eurocentric reviews of this literature, this article includes works that range broadly in time and geography. The author focuses particularly on two areas of interest to political scientists: the causes of bur…
State formation and the origins of developmental states in south korea and indonesia
The Party v. the People
The South China Sea conflict is spurring a popular nationalist movement in Vietnam that challenges the ruling communist Party by demanding Hà Nội to sever relations with its patron in Beijing. This paper examines this movement by connecting it to the often misunderstood historical relationship between the ruling Party and modern Vietnamese nationalism. This historical relationship explains why the Party has tried to suppress the movement and why …
Vietnamese Political Studies and Debates on Vietnamese Nationalism
This essay reviews the study of Vietnamese politics, specifically the debates about Vietnamese nationalism that have preoccupied scholars. The field has undergone two growth spurts——one in the mid 1960s and the other since the mid 1980s. These periods of growth were precipitated by Cold War politics and political developments in the United States and Vietnam, and the debates on Vietnamese nationalism evolved in a way that corresponded to trends i…
Does Patronage Still Drive Politics for the Rural Poor in the Developing World? A Comparative Perspective from the Livestock Sector
Is the analysis of patron-client networks still important to the understanding of developing country politics or has it now been overtaken by a focus on 'social capital'? Drawing on seventeen country studies of the political environment for livestock policy in poor countries, this article concludes that although the nature of patronage has changed significantly, it remains highly relevant to the ways peasant interests are treated. Peasant populat…
The Vietnam War as a Vietnamese War: Agency and Society in the Study of the Second Indochina War
Research Article| October 01 2009 The Vietnam War as a Vietnamese War: Agency and Society in the Study of the Second Indochina War Edward Miller; Edward Miller Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Tuong Vu Tuong Vu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Vietnamese Studies (2009) 4 (3): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.3.1 Views Icon Views Article contents Fi…
Revolution and world order: The case of the Islamic State (Isis)
The Revolutionary Path to State Formation in Vietnam
This essay examines the revolutionary path of modern state formation in Vietnam under the Vietnamese Communist Party. I argue that the party’s radical ideology and practices shaped the path of state formation by creating particular opportunities and conundrums in five key aspects of state formation: legitimization, establishing sovereignty, territorialization, creating a centralized bureaucracy, and monopolizing violence. The revolutionary state …
Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution
A new perspective has begun to challenge both the conventional portrayal of the Vietnamese revolution and the communist account of its success. This essay takes stock of new research that presents revolutionary Vietnam in a more complex and less triumphal way. It is argued that Vietnam's nationalist revolution (1945–46) should be conceptually distinguished from the subsequent socialist revolution (1948–88). The former had a distinctly urban and b…
It's time for the Indochinese Revolution to show its true colours’: The radical turn of Vietnamese politics in 1948
Cold War historians have neglected the significance of the year 1948 for Indochina. Based on new sources, this paper shows critical shifts in politics within the Vietnamese nationalist movement in 1948. These were the result of converging developments during late 1947 and early 1948, including changes in international politics, in French–Vietnamese relations, and in the relationship between non-communist and communist leaders within the Việt Minh…
Workers and the socialist state: North Vietnam’s state—labor relations, 1945—1970
Based on archival sources, this paper examines North Vietnam’s labor regimes during 1945—1970. Soviet and Chinese models are found to be influential there up to the late 1950s. An early emphasis on labor mobilization was gradually replaced by a concern for control to increase economic efficiency and to cope with pressures from workers. As in the Soviet Union and China, a hierarchy based on political criteria was created in the workplace but the s…
Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Surviving Asian Communist Regimes from a Historical, Regional, and Holistic Approach
In this article, I propose a historically grounded, regionally framed, and holistically constructed framework and make three interrelated claims about the strengths and vulnerabilities of surviving communist regimes in Asia. First, these regimes’ resilience today has historical origins in the communist revolutions that founded not only the regimes but also modern nations and states. This foundation provided these regimes with ideological, symboli…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Authoritarian Resilience of Communist Regimes in Asia
This special issue focuses on the resilience of the communist regimes in Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and China. Three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, all four not only survived a hostile post-communist world dominated by liberal capitalism but have thrived economically. The five articles in this special issue hope to build on existing scholarship on authoritarian resilience while contributing in the following ways. First, by adopting …
In the Service of World Revolution: Vietnamese Communists’ Radical Ambitions through the Three Indochina Wars
The terms “decolonization” and “Cold War” refer to specific processes and periods in the international system, but they do not capture the full agency of local actors such as Vietnamese Communists. Based on recently available archival materials from Hanoi, this article maps those terms onto Vietnamese Communist thinking through four specific cases. The declassified materials underscore the North Vietnamese leaders’ deep commitment to a radical wo…
Contentious mass politics in Southeast Asia: Knowledge accumulation and cycles of growth and exhaustion
Of Rice and Revolution: The Politics of Provisioning and State–Society Relations on Java, 1945–49
Using newspaper sources published in Java, this essay analyses the politics of provisioning from 1945–49. Java was suffering from a severe food shortage when the Japanese surrendered in August 1945. As the author argues, Indonesian state leaders intended to retain the Japanese system of provisioning, but were only partially successful. The breakdown of state power in August 1945 encouraged local groups to seize local power and resources. Indonesi…
The legacies of Marx and Lenin in Vietnam: A historical and regional perspective
In conversation with other essays in this collection but with a focus on Vietnam within a regional East Asian perspective, this essay explores the great significance of Marxist and Leninist legacies by reviewing the historical contexts in which Marxist and Leninist movements emerged as contenders in national politics, and the creation and evolution of socialist institutions where communists took power. Those institutions helped communist regimes …
Physician remuneration schemes, psychiatric hospitalizations and follow-up care: Evidence from blended fee-for-service and capitation models
Văn Kiện Đảng Toán Tập: The Regime's Gamble and Researchers' Gains
Research Article| June 01 2010 Văn Kiện Đảng Toáán Tập: The Regime's Gamble and Researchers' Gains Tuong Vu Tuong Vu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Vietnamese Studies (2010) 5 (2): 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2010.5.2.183 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite …
Of Rice and Revolution: The Politics of Provisioning and State–Society Relations on Java, 1945–49
Using newspaper sources published in Java, this essay analyses the politics of provisioning from 1945–49. Java was suffering from a severe food shortage when the Japanese surrendered in August 1945. As the author argues, Indonesian state leaders intended to retain the Japanese system of provisioning, but were only partially successful. The breakdown of state power in August 1945 encouraged local groups to seize local power and resources. Indonesi…
Workers and the socialist state: North Vietnam’s state—labor relations, 1945—1970
Based on archival sources, this paper examines North Vietnam’s labor regimes during 1945—1970. Soviet and Chinese models are found to be influential there up to the late 1950s. An early emphasis on labor mobilization was gradually replaced by a concern for control to increase economic efficiency and to cope with pressures from workers. As in the Soviet Union and China, a hierarchy based on political criteria was created in the workplace but the s…
The Power of Everyday Politics: How Vietnamese Peasants Transformed National Policy
The Power of Everyday Politics: How Vietnamese Peasants Transformed National Policy. By Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. 320p. $39.95. Short of rebelling, how do powerless peasants under a domineering Stalinist state influence policy? Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet's book offers not only a persuasive answer to this question but also a useful theoretical framework for understanding the power of “everyday politics
Contentious mass politics in Southeast Asia: Knowledge accumulation and cycles of growth and exhaustion
Vietnamese Political Studies and Debates on Vietnamese Nationalism
This essay reviews the study of Vietnamese politics, specifically the debates about Vietnamese nationalism that have preoccupied scholars. The field has undergone two growth spurts——one in the mid 1960s and the other since the mid 1980s. These periods of growth were precipitated by Cold War politics and political developments in the United States and Vietnam, and the debates on Vietnamese nationalism evolved in a way that corresponded to trends i…
State formation and the origins of developmental states in south korea and indonesia
Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis
This book argues that Southeast Asian political studies have made important contributions to theory building in comparative politics through a dialogue involving theory, area studies, and qualitative methodology. The book provides a state-of-the-art review of key topics in the field, including: state structures, political regimes, political parties, contentious politics, civil society, ethnicity, religion, rural development, globalization, and po…
Dynamics of the Cold War in Asia: Ideology, Identity, and Culture
This book focuses on the neglected cultural front of the Cold War in Asia to explore the mindsets of Asian actors and untangle the complex cultural alliances that undergirded the security blocs on thi
The Vietnam War as a Vietnamese War: Agency and Society in the Study of the Second Indochina War
Research Article| October 01 2009 The Vietnam War as a Vietnamese War: Agency and Society in the Study of the Second Indochina War Edward Miller; Edward Miller Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Tuong Vu Tuong Vu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Vietnamese Studies (2009) 4 (3): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.3.1 Views Icon Views Article contents Fi…
It's time for the Indochinese Revolution to show its true colours’: The radical turn of Vietnamese politics in 1948
Cold War historians have neglected the significance of the year 1948 for Indochina. Based on new sources, this paper shows critical shifts in politics within the Vietnamese nationalist movement in 1948. These were the result of converging developments during late 1947 and early 1948, including changes in international politics, in French–Vietnamese relations, and in the relationship between non-communist and communist leaders within the Việt Minh…
Discussion of Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu's Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis
Comparative politics has witnessed periodic debates between proponents of contextually sensitive area studies research and others who view such work as unscientific, noncumulative, or of limited relevance for advancing broader social science knowledge. In Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis , edited by Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu, a group of bright, young Southeast Asianists argue that…
Văn Kiện Đảng Toán Tập: The Regime's Gamble and Researchers' Gains
Research Article| June 01 2010 Văn Kiện Đảng Toáán Tập: The Regime's Gamble and Researchers' Gains Tuong Vu Tuong Vu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Vietnamese Studies (2010) 5 (2): 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2010.5.2.183 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite …
Studying the State through State Formation
This article seeks to take stock of the insights offered by the fast-growing literature on comparative state formation, which is treated here as a neglected offshoot of the “bringing the state back in” movement of the 1980s. Unlike previous Eurocentric reviews of this literature, this article includes works that range broadly in time and geography. The author focuses particularly on two areas of interest to political scientists: the causes of bur…
Does Patronage Still Drive Politics for the Rural Poor in the Developing World? A Comparative Perspective from the Livestock Sector
Is the analysis of patron-client networks still important to the understanding of developing country politics or has it now been overtaken by a focus on 'social capital'? Drawing on seventeen country studies of the political environment for livestock policy in poor countries, this article concludes that although the nature of patronage has changed significantly, it remains highly relevant to the ways peasant interests are treated. Peasant populat…
Workers under Communism
This essay compares the experience of workers and workplace politics under communism in the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, China, and Vietnam. State–labour relations in these contexts were fraught with tension from the start. Workers’ experience varied widely over time and space. Nevertheless, all workers were subject to state-imposed forms of domination at the workplace and in society at large. This domination was the effect of a powerful i…
Southeast Asia's New Nationalism: Causes and Significance
This paper explains the post-Cold War surge of nationalism in Southeast Asia and discusses its significance for regional peace and cooperation. As argued, the growth of nationalism as a form of mass politics has different causes in each Southeast Asian context where it occurs, but at the regional level the phenomenon can be explained by three factors: the failure of earlier nationalist movements to fully deliver their promises; a shift in the int…
The Party v. the People
The South China Sea conflict is spurring a popular nationalist movement in Vietnam that challenges the ruling communist Party by demanding Hà Nội to sever relations with its patron in Beijing. This paper examines this movement by connecting it to the often misunderstood historical relationship between the ruling Party and modern Vietnamese nationalism. This historical relationship explains why the Party has tried to suppress the movement and why …
Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution
A new perspective has begun to challenge both the conventional portrayal of the Vietnamese revolution and the communist account of its success. This essay takes stock of new research that presents revolutionary Vietnam in a more complex and less triumphal way. It is argued that Vietnam's nationalist revolution (1945–46) should be conceptually distinguished from the subsequent socialist revolution (1948–88). The former had a distinctly urban and b…
Socialism and Underdevelopment in Southeast Asia
Vietnam's Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology
By tracing the evolving worldview of Vietnamese communists over 80 years as they led Vietnam through wars, social revolution, and peaceful development, this book shows the depth and resilience of their commitment to the communist utopia in their foreign policy. Unearthing new material from Vietnamese archives and publications, this book challenges the conventional scholarship and the popular image of the Vietnamese revolution and the Vietnam War …
The Revolutionary Path to State Formation in Vietnam
This essay examines the revolutionary path of modern state formation in Vietnam under the Vietnamese Communist Party. I argue that the party’s radical ideology and practices shaped the path of state formation by creating particular opportunities and conundrums in five key aspects of state formation: legitimization, establishing sovereignty, territorialization, creating a centralized bureaucracy, and monopolizing violence. The revolutionary state …
Vietnam’s Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology
In the Service of World Revolution: Vietnamese Communists’ Radical Ambitions through the Three Indochina Wars
The terms “decolonization” and “Cold War” refer to specific processes and periods in the international system, but they do not capture the full agency of local actors such as Vietnamese Communists. Based on recently available archival materials from Hanoi, this article maps those terms onto Vietnamese Communist thinking through four specific cases. The declassified materials underscore the North Vietnamese leaders’ deep commitment to a radical wo…
Revolution and world order: The case of the Islamic State (Isis)
The legacies of Marx and Lenin in Vietnam: A historical and regional perspective
In conversation with other essays in this collection but with a focus on Vietnam within a regional East Asian perspective, this essay explores the great significance of Marxist and Leninist legacies by reviewing the historical contexts in which Marxist and Leninist movements emerged as contenders in national politics, and the creation and evolution of socialist institutions where communists took power. Those institutions helped communist regimes …
Political science (30 works) · Law (28 works) · Politics (27 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Vietnamese History and Culture Studies (21 works) · Political economy (20 works) · Law (16 works) · Communism (13 works) · History (13 works) · Economics (12 works)