T Callaghan
Biographic Data
| ID | 34056 |
|---|---|
| NAME | T Callaghan |
| GIVEN NAMES | T |
| FAMILY NAME | Callaghan |
| SIGNATURE | CALLAGHAN T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Texas A&M University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9056-9123 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 249 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
A Naturally-Occurring Experiment on the Electoral Impact of President Biden’s Decision to Exit the 2024 Presidential Race
We assess the impact of former President Joe Biden’s unprecedented decision to exit the 2024 Presidential race 2 months before election day by analyzing a naturally-occurring experiment surrounding the incumbent President’s decision to exit the 2024 race, a period in which we fielded the second wave (N Wave 2 = 831) of a nationally-representative panel study (N Wave 1 = 1400), with random invitation assignment (from the original response pool) th…
U.S. Public Opinion About Immigration Enforcement in Sensitive Locations
In 2011, the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) issued a memorandum titled, "Enforcement Actions at or Focused on Sensitive Locations." The memorandum stated that immigration enforcement actions should not occur at specified sensitive locations, which included schools, healthcare facilities, places of worship, sites of public religious ceremony, and sites of public demonstration. These policies were rescinded in January 20…
Public Communication about Science in 68 Countries
This 68-country survey ( n = 71,922) examines science information diets and communication behavior, identifies cross-country differences, and tests how such differences are associated with sociopolitical and economic conditions. We find that social media are the most used sources of science information in most countries, except those with democratic-corporatist media systems where news media tend to be used more widely. People in collectivist soc…
Professional Partisans? Primary Care Physicians, State Governments, and Covid-19 Responsibility and Response
Emerging health crises challenge and overwhelm federal political systems (Greer et al. 2020, Global Public Health 15: 1413–6). Within the context of COVID-19, states and governors took charge in the absence of a coordinated federal response. The result was uneven policy responses and variance in health-related and economic outcomes. While existing research has explored public evaluations of state COVID-19 policies, we explore primary care physici…
A Call for Measuring Partisanship in US Public Health Research
Disparities in Prenatal Immunization Rates in Rural and Urban US Areas by Indicators of Access to Care
PURPOSE: To evaluate disparities in urban-rural immunization rates among pregnant women by indicators of access to health care. METHODS: We analyzed Phase 8 (2016-2018) Pregnant Risk Assessment Monitoring System data for 82,603 respondents who recently gave birth to a live infant. Uptake of influenza (33 states) or Tdap (19 states) vaccines was compared for rural versus urban areas of participating states. We compared the prevalence of immunizati…
Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy in Rural America in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Primary care physicians' strategies for addressing Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy
Laboratories Against Democracy
Scholars, politicians, and pundits have long viewed federalism as a force for good in American society. Federalism provides states the opportunity to serve as “laboratories of democracy,” testing new policy ideas that can then diffuse across the United States. It can also serve as a safety valve in our political system, providing a venue for necessary policy action when partisan rancor at the federal level creates gridlock. In recent years howeve…
Model Bills, State Imitation, and the Political Safeguards of Federalism
Recent media reports imply that corporations, industry groups, and think tanks exercise outsized influence in state legislatures by promoting model legislation. Before making sweeping claims about how special interests dominate the legislative process, it is essential to compare their purported influence to that of other sources. This article performs such a comparison by applying textual analysis to two original datasets—one including over 2400 …
Just say no? Public attitudes about supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic
Using an original demographically representative survey, we estimate the determinants of public support for a set of supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic among a sample of 2,131 Americans. Our findings indicate that individuals who attribute blame for the epidemic to the personal choices of individuals, conservatives and those high in racial resentment are consistently more likely to support punitive policies to combat t…
Inside the 'black box' of Covid-19 vaccination beliefs
Rural and Urban Differences in Covid‐19 Prevention Behaviors
PURPOSE: To examine whether the adoption of COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors vary in rural versus urban communities of the United States while accounting for the influence of political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID-19 experiences. METHODS: We rely on a representative survey of 5009 American adults collected from May 28 to June 8, 2020. We analyze the influence of rural status, political ideology, demographic factors, and CO…
Suicidal Ideation During the Covid-19 Pandemic
This study examines the role of general news media consumption during COVID-19 in aggravating mental health and suicide risk in the US population. In a sample of U.S. adults ( N = 5,010), we investigated how mental health, COVID-19 health beliefs, and general news consumption influenced the odds of suicidal ideation using hierarchical logistic regression models. Both worsening mental health overall and specifically in regard to COVID-19 increased…
Encouraging Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Through Effective Health Communication
Context: Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic will require most Americans to vaccinate against the virus. Unfortunately, previous research suggests that many Americans plan to refuse a vaccine; thereby jeopardizing collective immunity. We investigate the effectiveness of three different health communication frames hypothesized to increase vaccine intention; emphasizing either 1) personal health risks, 2) economic costs, or 3) collective public health…
Identifying the prevalence, correlates, and policy consequences of anti-vaccine social identity
Scholarly and journalistic profiles of anti-vaxxers – i.e., individuals who are active in efforts to oppose widespread vaccination – suggest that some Americans may identify with the “anti-vaccine” label in order to fulfill social goals (e.g., a sense of belonging in a broader community). This is potentially problematic, as anti-vaxx social identification (AVSID) could imply increased receptivity to vaccine misinformation, and resistance to evide…
Bill Content, Legislative Outcomes, and State-Level Resistance to National Policies
Recently, scholars of the lawmaking process have urged their colleagues to devote more attention to the potential impact of bill content on legislative outcomes. Heeding their call, this paper builds an original dataset of over 5,000 pieces of state-level legislation addressing issues that span the ideological spectrum. It compares proposals that challenge the authority of the national government in a specific domain to proposals that lack federa…
Correcting Misperceptions about the MMR Vaccine
Many Americans endorse misinformation about vaccine safety. This is problematic because those who do are more likely to resist evidence-based policies, such as mandatory vaccination for school attendance. Although many have attempted to correct misinformation about vaccines, few attempts have been successful. This study uses psychological correlates of vaccine misinformation acceptance to develop a novel misinformation correction strategy by tail…
Private Citizens as Policy Entrepreneurs
Growing bodies of research in the social sciences point to politicians, bureaucratic officials, interest groups, and other actors who serve as policy entrepreneurs. In this paper, we argue that private citizens can also serve a primary role as policy entrepreneurs. To analyze this phenomenon, we investigate the behavior of private citizens and their role in changing state policies surrounding insurance mandates for autism coverage. Using a themat…
Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against Covid-19
The Changing Landscape of Diabetes Mortality in the United States Across Region and Rurality, 1999‐2016
PURPOSE: This brief report examines place-based differences in diabetes mortality in order to understand whether disparities in diabetes mortality have changed across United States Census regions and levels of rurality over time. METHODS: We use data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1999 to 2016 to analyze changes in diabetes mortality over time and across geographical regions of the United States. FINDINGS: We find evidence th…
Parent psychology and the decision to delay childhood vaccination
Gay” or “Homosexual”? The Implications of Social Category Labels for the Structure of Mass Attitudes
Multiple identity and identification terms are used in social science research on sexuality, including clinical terms such as “homosexual” and “heterosexual” and more colloquial terms such as “gay” and “straight.” In this article, we show that far from being synonyms, these terms have consequences for attitudes about gay and lesbian rights. We begin by providing a historical overview of the terms “homosexual” and “gay and lesbian,” showing the di…
Knowing less but presuming more
Unearthing the Hidden Welfare State
This paper incorporates the role of race into our understanding of the hidden welfare state by exploring the implications of racialization of hidden welfare state programs for mass attitudes. We explain how traditional welfare programs have been racialized historically and the implications of that racialization on attitudes towards welfare programs. We then discuss how the same fate could befall hidden programs for the poor if “unearthed” as hidd…
Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against Covid-19
Knowing less but presuming more
Parent psychology and the decision to delay childhood vaccination
Correcting Misperceptions about the MMR Vaccine
Many Americans endorse misinformation about vaccine safety. This is problematic because those who do are more likely to resist evidence-based policies, such as mandatory vaccination for school attendance. Although many have attempted to correct misinformation about vaccines, few attempts have been successful. This study uses psychological correlates of vaccine misinformation acceptance to develop a novel misinformation correction strategy by tail…
Private Citizens as Policy Entrepreneurs
Growing bodies of research in the social sciences point to politicians, bureaucratic officials, interest groups, and other actors who serve as policy entrepreneurs. In this paper, we argue that private citizens can also serve a primary role as policy entrepreneurs. To analyze this phenomenon, we investigate the behavior of private citizens and their role in changing state policies surrounding insurance mandates for autism coverage. Using a themat…
Encouraging Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Through Effective Health Communication
Context: Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic will require most Americans to vaccinate against the virus. Unfortunately, previous research suggests that many Americans plan to refuse a vaccine; thereby jeopardizing collective immunity. We investigate the effectiveness of three different health communication frames hypothesized to increase vaccine intention; emphasizing either 1) personal health risks, 2) economic costs, or 3) collective public health…
Just say no? Public attitudes about supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic
Using an original demographically representative survey, we estimate the determinants of public support for a set of supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic among a sample of 2,131 Americans. Our findings indicate that individuals who attribute blame for the epidemic to the personal choices of individuals, conservatives and those high in racial resentment are consistently more likely to support punitive policies to combat t…
Identifying the prevalence, correlates, and policy consequences of anti-vaccine social identity
Scholarly and journalistic profiles of anti-vaxxers – i.e., individuals who are active in efforts to oppose widespread vaccination – suggest that some Americans may identify with the “anti-vaccine” label in order to fulfill social goals (e.g., a sense of belonging in a broader community). This is potentially problematic, as anti-vaxx social identification (AVSID) could imply increased receptivity to vaccine misinformation, and resistance to evide…
Process Learning and the Implementation of Medicaid Reform
As the implementation of health care reform proceeds in the face of ongoing political conflict, variations in state decisions are shaping important aspects of its pace and scope. This article investigates five potential explanations for state implementation of the Medicaid expansion—state party control, economic affluence, the trajectory of established policy, state administrative capacity, and the process of learning from intergovernmental barga…
Looking for Answers
Internet surveys are cost-effective and convenient, but give respondents the opportunity to search the Web for answers to factual questions. Surprisingly, few have investigated the quality of political knowledge data collected in crowd-sourced Internet samples. Using a novel technique to identify individual “cheaters” across six data sets—collected on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (professionalized paid “workers”) and SurveyMonkey (less-professionaliz…
Gay” or “Homosexual”? The Implications of Social Category Labels for the Structure of Mass Attitudes
Multiple identity and identification terms are used in social science research on sexuality, including clinical terms such as “homosexual” and “heterosexual” and more colloquial terms such as “gay” and “straight.” In this article, we show that far from being synonyms, these terms have consequences for attitudes about gay and lesbian rights. We begin by providing a historical overview of the terms “homosexual” and “gay and lesbian,” showing the di…
Is President Obama’s Race Chronically Accessible? Racial Priming in the 2012 Presidential Election
A vast literature indicates that racial animosity has a pervasive influence on the public's evaluations of U.S. President Barack Obama. Can political communications enhance and/or defuse the link between White Americans' racial attitudes and evaluations of Barack Obama? In this article, we report the results of an experiment conducted in the midst of the 2012 presidential campaign which examines the effect of political rhetoric on the extent to w…
Interest Group Conflict Over Medicaid Expansion
Objectives. We examined the potential economic, policy, and political influences on the decisions of the 50 US states to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. Methods. We related a measure of relative state progress toward Medicaid expansion updated to 2015 to each state’s economic circumstances, established policy frameworks in states, partisan control of state government, and lobbyists for businesses, medical professionals, unions, and…
Model Bills, State Imitation, and the Political Safeguards of Federalism
Recent media reports imply that corporations, industry groups, and think tanks exercise outsized influence in state legislatures by promoting model legislation. Before making sweeping claims about how special interests dominate the legislative process, it is essential to compare their purported influence to that of other sources. This article performs such a comparison by applying textual analysis to two original datasets—one including over 2400 …
A Call for Measuring Partisanship in US Public Health Research
Primary care physicians' strategies for addressing Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy
Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy in Rural America in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Inside the 'black box' of Covid-19 vaccination beliefs
Bill Content, Legislative Outcomes, and State-Level Resistance to National Policies
Recently, scholars of the lawmaking process have urged their colleagues to devote more attention to the potential impact of bill content on legislative outcomes. Heeding their call, this paper builds an original dataset of over 5,000 pieces of state-level legislation addressing issues that span the ideological spectrum. It compares proposals that challenge the authority of the national government in a specific domain to proposals that lack federa…
Why States Expand Medicaid
After the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March 2010 and the affirmation of its constitutionality by the Supreme Court in 2012, key decisions about the implementation of health care reform are now in the hands of states. But our understanding of these decisions is hampered by simplistic sortings of state directions into two or three simple, rigid categories. This article takes a different approach--it tracks the varia…
Process Learning and the Implementation of Medicaid Reform
As the implementation of health care reform proceeds in the face of ongoing political conflict, variations in state decisions are shaping important aspects of its pace and scope. This article investigates five potential explanations for state implementation of the Medicaid expansion—state party control, economic affluence, the trajectory of established policy, state administrative capacity, and the process of learning from intergovernmental barga…
Looking for Answers
Internet surveys are cost-effective and convenient, but give respondents the opportunity to search the Web for answers to factual questions. Surprisingly, few have investigated the quality of political knowledge data collected in crowd-sourced Internet samples. Using a novel technique to identify individual “cheaters” across six data sets—collected on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (professionalized paid “workers”) and SurveyMonkey (less-professionaliz…
Interest Group Conflict Over Medicaid Expansion
Objectives. We examined the potential economic, policy, and political influences on the decisions of the 50 US states to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. Methods. We related a measure of relative state progress toward Medicaid expansion updated to 2015 to each state’s economic circumstances, established policy frameworks in states, partisan control of state government, and lobbyists for businesses, medical professionals, unions, and…
Is President Obama’s Race Chronically Accessible? Racial Priming in the 2012 Presidential Election
A vast literature indicates that racial animosity has a pervasive influence on the public's evaluations of U.S. President Barack Obama. Can political communications enhance and/or defuse the link between White Americans' racial attitudes and evaluations of Barack Obama? In this article, we report the results of an experiment conducted in the midst of the 2012 presidential campaign which examines the effect of political rhetoric on the extent to w…
Unearthing the Hidden Welfare State
This paper incorporates the role of race into our understanding of the hidden welfare state by exploring the implications of racialization of hidden welfare state programs for mass attitudes. We explain how traditional welfare programs have been racialized historically and the implications of that racialization on attitudes towards welfare programs. We then discuss how the same fate could befall hidden programs for the poor if “unearthed” as hidd…
Gay” or “Homosexual”? The Implications of Social Category Labels for the Structure of Mass Attitudes
Multiple identity and identification terms are used in social science research on sexuality, including clinical terms such as “homosexual” and “heterosexual” and more colloquial terms such as “gay” and “straight.” In this article, we show that far from being synonyms, these terms have consequences for attitudes about gay and lesbian rights. We begin by providing a historical overview of the terms “homosexual” and “gay and lesbian,” showing the di…
Knowing less but presuming more
Parent psychology and the decision to delay childhood vaccination
The Changing Landscape of Diabetes Mortality in the United States Across Region and Rurality, 1999‐2016
PURPOSE: This brief report examines place-based differences in diabetes mortality in order to understand whether disparities in diabetes mortality have changed across United States Census regions and levels of rurality over time. METHODS: We use data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1999 to 2016 to analyze changes in diabetes mortality over time and across geographical regions of the United States. FINDINGS: We find evidence th…
Rural and Urban Differences in Covid‐19 Prevention Behaviors
PURPOSE: To examine whether the adoption of COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors vary in rural versus urban communities of the United States while accounting for the influence of political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID-19 experiences. METHODS: We rely on a representative survey of 5009 American adults collected from May 28 to June 8, 2020. We analyze the influence of rural status, political ideology, demographic factors, and CO…
Suicidal Ideation During the Covid-19 Pandemic
This study examines the role of general news media consumption during COVID-19 in aggravating mental health and suicide risk in the US population. In a sample of U.S. adults ( N = 5,010), we investigated how mental health, COVID-19 health beliefs, and general news consumption influenced the odds of suicidal ideation using hierarchical logistic regression models. Both worsening mental health overall and specifically in regard to COVID-19 increased…
Encouraging Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Through Effective Health Communication
Context: Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic will require most Americans to vaccinate against the virus. Unfortunately, previous research suggests that many Americans plan to refuse a vaccine; thereby jeopardizing collective immunity. We investigate the effectiveness of three different health communication frames hypothesized to increase vaccine intention; emphasizing either 1) personal health risks, 2) economic costs, or 3) collective public health…
Identifying the prevalence, correlates, and policy consequences of anti-vaccine social identity
Scholarly and journalistic profiles of anti-vaxxers – i.e., individuals who are active in efforts to oppose widespread vaccination – suggest that some Americans may identify with the “anti-vaccine” label in order to fulfill social goals (e.g., a sense of belonging in a broader community). This is potentially problematic, as anti-vaxx social identification (AVSID) could imply increased receptivity to vaccine misinformation, and resistance to evide…
Bill Content, Legislative Outcomes, and State-Level Resistance to National Policies
Recently, scholars of the lawmaking process have urged their colleagues to devote more attention to the potential impact of bill content on legislative outcomes. Heeding their call, this paper builds an original dataset of over 5,000 pieces of state-level legislation addressing issues that span the ideological spectrum. It compares proposals that challenge the authority of the national government in a specific domain to proposals that lack federa…
Correcting Misperceptions about the MMR Vaccine
Many Americans endorse misinformation about vaccine safety. This is problematic because those who do are more likely to resist evidence-based policies, such as mandatory vaccination for school attendance. Although many have attempted to correct misinformation about vaccines, few attempts have been successful. This study uses psychological correlates of vaccine misinformation acceptance to develop a novel misinformation correction strategy by tail…
Private Citizens as Policy Entrepreneurs
Growing bodies of research in the social sciences point to politicians, bureaucratic officials, interest groups, and other actors who serve as policy entrepreneurs. In this paper, we argue that private citizens can also serve a primary role as policy entrepreneurs. To analyze this phenomenon, we investigate the behavior of private citizens and their role in changing state policies surrounding insurance mandates for autism coverage. Using a themat…
Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against Covid-19
Laboratories Against Democracy
Scholars, politicians, and pundits have long viewed federalism as a force for good in American society. Federalism provides states the opportunity to serve as “laboratories of democracy,” testing new policy ideas that can then diffuse across the United States. It can also serve as a safety valve in our political system, providing a venue for necessary policy action when partisan rancor at the federal level creates gridlock. In recent years howeve…
Model Bills, State Imitation, and the Political Safeguards of Federalism
Recent media reports imply that corporations, industry groups, and think tanks exercise outsized influence in state legislatures by promoting model legislation. Before making sweeping claims about how special interests dominate the legislative process, it is essential to compare their purported influence to that of other sources. This article performs such a comparison by applying textual analysis to two original datasets—one including over 2400 …
Just say no? Public attitudes about supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic
Using an original demographically representative survey, we estimate the determinants of public support for a set of supportive and punitive policies to combat the opioid epidemic among a sample of 2,131 Americans. Our findings indicate that individuals who attribute blame for the epidemic to the personal choices of individuals, conservatives and those high in racial resentment are consistently more likely to support punitive policies to combat t…
Inside the 'black box' of Covid-19 vaccination beliefs
Disparities in Prenatal Immunization Rates in Rural and Urban US Areas by Indicators of Access to Care
PURPOSE: To evaluate disparities in urban-rural immunization rates among pregnant women by indicators of access to health care. METHODS: We analyzed Phase 8 (2016-2018) Pregnant Risk Assessment Monitoring System data for 82,603 respondents who recently gave birth to a live infant. Uptake of influenza (33 states) or Tdap (19 states) vaccines was compared for rural versus urban areas of participating states. We compared the prevalence of immunizati…
Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy in Rural America in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Primary care physicians' strategies for addressing Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy
Political science (22 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Politics (16 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Law (13 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy (10 works) · Public health (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works)