Richard Ν Aslin
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3427322 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Richard Ν Aslin |
| NOMBRES | Richard Ν |
| APELLIDO | Aslin |
| FIRMA | ASLIN R Ν |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Rochester |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4092-1712 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 127 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1977 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Tracking Visual Statistical Learning with Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials
This study examined visual statistical learning using EEG-based steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). Fifty-one adults were exposed to image sequences organized into triplets across three conditions (n = 17 per condition) in which the alignment of category-level and exemplar-level information was manipulated. Neural entrainment at the triplet frequency (1.11 Hz) differed significantly across conditions (ηp2 = .13), with stronger response…
Neural hyperscanning in caregiver-child dyads
Expectation adaptation for rare cadences in music
Towards a model of language neurobiology in early development
Top-down sensory prediction in the infant brain at 6 months is correlated with language development at 12 and 18 months
A distributional perspective on the gavagai problem in early word learning
Judgments of spatial extent are fundamentally illusory
Limits on Composition of Conceptual Operations in 9‐Month‐Olds
Complex systems are often built from a relatively small set of basic features or operations that can be combined in myriad ways. We investigated the developmental origins of this compositional architecture in 9‐month‐old infants, extending recent work that demonstrated rudimentary compositional abilities in preschoolers. Infants viewed two separate object‐occlusion events that depicted a single‐feature‐change operation. They were then tested with…
How Visual is Visual Prediction
Infants are readily able to use their recent experience to shape their future behavior. Recent work has confirmed that infants generate neural predictions based on their recent experience (Emberson, Richards, & Aslin, 2015) and that neural predictions trigger visual system activity similar to that elicited by visual stimulation. This study uses behavioral methods to ask, how visual is visual prediction? In Experiment 1, we confirmed that when add…
Infant Learning
Acquiring knowledge about the underlying structures of the environment presents a number of challenges for a naive learner. These challenges include the absence of reinforcement to guide learning, the presence of numerous information sources from which only a select few are relevant, and the uncertainty about when an underlying structure may have undergone a change. A crucial implication of these challenges is that the naive learner must make imp…
Phonetic Category Learning and Its Influence on Speech Production
One of the hallmarks of any flexible system of perception and motor control is the ability to adjust to changes induced by dialect, development, fatigue, disease, or aging. Phonetic categories are an essential component of language that enables listeners and speakers to communicate effectively. Four studies are reviewed that illustrate how adults and infants adjust their phonetic categories rapidly and efficiently to maintain a tight coupling bet…
Distributional Language Learning
In the past 15 years, a substantial body of evidence has confirmed that a powerful distributional learning mechanism is present in infants, children, adults and (at least to some degree) in nonhuman animals as well. The present article briefly reviews this literature and then examines some of the fundamental questions that must be addressed for any distributional learning mechanism to operate effectively within the linguistic domain. In particula…
Rational snacking
The Goldilocks Effect
Human infants, like immature members of any species, must be highly selective in sampling information from their environment to learn efficiently. Failure to be selective would waste precious computational resources on material that is already known (too simple) or unknowable (too complex). In two experiments with 7- and 8-month-olds, we measure infants' visual attention to sequences of events varying in complexity, as determined by an ideal lear…
Infant Eyes
Eye‐trackers suitable for use with infants are now marketed by several commercial vendors. As eye‐trackers become more prevalent in infancy research, there is the potential for users to be unaware of dangers lurking “under the hood” if they assume the eye‐tracker introduces no errors in measuring infants’ gaze. Moreover, the influx of voluminous data sets from eye‐trackers requires users to think hard about what they are measuring and what these …
Perceptual Organization of Visual Structure Requires a Flexible Learning Mechanism
Bhatt and Quinn (2011) provide a compelling and comprehensive review of empirical evidence that supports the operation of principles of perceptual organization in young infants. These principles, which are largely synonymous with the Gestalt laws of visual perception, raise a number of important, and as yet unanswered questions. Bhatt and Quinn tackle some of these questions and propose several mechanisms by which infants progress from a few prin…
The Weckud Wetch of the Wast
Two experiments investigated the mechanism by which listeners adjust their interpretation of accented speech that is similar to a regional dialect of American English. Only a subset of the vowels of English (the front vowels) were shifted during adaptation, which consisted of listening to a 20‐min segment of the “Wizard of Oz.” Compared to a baseline (unadapted) condition, listeners showed significant adaptation to the accented speech, as indexed…
Perception of speech reflects optimal use of probabilistic speech cues
Statistical phonetic learning in infants
Over the course of the first year of life, infants develop from being generalized listeners, capable of discriminating both native and non‐native speech contrasts, into specialized listeners whose discrimination patterns closely reflect the phonetic system of the native language(s). Recent work by Maye, Werker and Gerken (2002 ) has proposed a statistical account for this phenomenon, showing that infants may lose the ability to discriminate some …
Headed in the Right Direction
What's in a look?
The most common behavioral technique used to study infant perception, cognition, language, and social development is some variant of looking time. Since its inception as a reliable method in the late 1950s, a tremendous increase in knowledge about infant competencies has been gained by inferences made from measures of looking time. Here we examine the logic, utility, and future prospects for further gains in our understanding of infant cognition …
Learning at a distance I. Statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies
Anticipatory Eye Movements Reveal Infants' Auditory and Visual Categories
We introduce a new paradigm for the assessment of auditory and visual categories in 6‐month‐old infants using a 2‐alternative anticipatory eye‐movement response. Infants were trained by 2 different methods to anticipate the location of a visual reinforcer at 1 of 2 spatial locations (right or left) based on the identity of 2 cuing stimuli. After a training phase, infants were presented with a series of generalization trials in which novel (untrai…
Automated Corneal‐Reflection Eye Tracking in Infancy
Since the mid‐1800s, experimental psychologists have been using eye movements and gaze direction to make inferences about perception and cognition in adults (Müller, 1826, cited in Boring, 1942). In the past 175 years, these oculomotor measures have been refined (see Kowler, 1990) and used to address similar questions in infants (see Aslin, 1985, 1987; Branson, 1982; Haith, 1980; Maurer, 1975). The general rationale for relying on these visual be…
Phonological neighbourhoods in the developing lexicon
Structural analyses of developing lexicons have provided evidence for both children's holistic lexical representations and sensitivity to phonetic segments. In the present investigation, neighbourhood analyses of two children's (age 3;6) expressive lexicons, maternal input, and an adult lexicon were conducted. In addition to raw counts and frequency-weighted counts, neighbourhood size was calculated as the proportion of the lexicon to which each …
Word Segmentation
One of the infant's first tasks in language acquisition is to discover the words embedded in a mostly continuous speech stream. This learning problem might be solved by using distributional cues to word boundaries-for example, by computing the transitional probabilities between sounds in the language input and using the relative strengths of these probabilities to hypothesize word boundaries. The learner might be further aided by language-specifi…
Incidental Language Learning
Two experiments investigated the performance of first-grade children and adults on an incidental language-learning task. Learning entailed word segmentation from continuous speech, an initial and crucial component of language acquisition. Subjects were briefly exposed to an unsegmented artificial language, presented auditorily, in which the only cues to word boundaries were the transitional probabilities between syllables. Subjects were not told …
Perception of object unity in 2-month-old infants
The perception of object unity in partial occlusion displays was examined in 722-month-old infants. The infants were habituated to 1 of 3 displays depicting a rod undergoing lateral motion behind a box. In each display, more of the rod was visible behind the box than was previously available in prior studies of young infants' perception of occlusion. Posthabituation test displays consisted of 2 rod pieces (broken rod) and a complete rod, presente…
Distributional Language Learning
In the past 15 years, a substantial body of evidence has confirmed that a powerful distributional learning mechanism is present in infants, children, adults and (at least to some degree) in nonhuman animals as well. The present article briefly reviews this literature and then examines some of the fundamental questions that must be addressed for any distributional learning mechanism to operate effectively within the linguistic domain. In particula…
Probabilistic Constraint Satisfaction at the Lexical/Phonetic Interface
Velocity thresholds in human infants
Les seuils relatifs a la vitesse d'un stimulus sont etudies chez des enfants de 6 a 12 semaines au moyen d'une technique de fixation visuelle preferentielle a choix force.
Infants' perception of transparency
Four- and 7-month-old infants' perception of transparency was investigated with computer-generated achromatic or color displays depicting a semitransparent box occluding the center of a rod. Following habituation, infants viewed test displays consisting of either a two-color rod (corresponding to the habituation display's proximal characteristics) or a solid rod (corresponding to the distal characteristics of the event depicted by the habituation…
Inappropriate expansion
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Linguistic experience and infant speech perception
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Preference for Infant-Directed Speech in the First Month after Birth
Velocity thresholds in human infants
Les seuils relatifs a la vitesse d'un stimulus sont etudies chez des enfants de 6 a 12 semaines au moyen d'une technique de fixation visuelle preferentielle a choix force.
Infants′ Detection of the Sound Patterns of Words in Fluent Speech
A series of four experiments examined infants' capacities to detect repeated words in fluent speech. In Experiment 1, 7 1/2-month old American infants were familiarized with two different monosyllabic words and subsequently were presented with passages which either included or did not include the familiar target words embedded in sentences. The infants listened significantly longer to the passages containing the familiar target words than to pass…
Perception of object unity in 2-month-old infants
The perception of object unity in partial occlusion displays was examined in 722-month-old infants. The infants were habituated to 1 of 3 displays depicting a rod undergoing lateral motion behind a box. In each display, more of the rod was visible behind the box than was previously available in prior studies of young infants' perception of occlusion. Posthabituation test displays consisted of 2 rod pieces (broken rod) and a complete rod, presente…
Statistical Learning by 8-Month-Old Infants
Learners rely on a combination of experience-independent and experience-dependent mechanisms to extract information from the environment. Language acquisition involves both types of mechanisms, but most theorists emphasize the relative importance of experience-independent mechanisms. The present study shows that a fundamental task of language acquisition, segmentation of words from fluent speech, can be accomplished by 8-month-old infants based s…
Word Segmentation
One of the infant's first tasks in language acquisition is to discover the words embedded in a mostly continuous speech stream. This learning problem might be solved by using distributional cues to word boundaries-for example, by computing the transitional probabilities between sounds in the language input and using the relative strengths of these probabilities to hypothesize word boundaries. The learner might be further aided by language-specifi…
Incidental Language Learning
Two experiments investigated the performance of first-grade children and adults on an incidental language-learning task. Learning entailed word segmentation from continuous speech, an initial and crucial component of language acquisition. Subjects were briefly exposed to an unsegmented artificial language, presented auditorily, in which the only cues to word boundaries were the transitional probabilities between syllables. Subjects were not told …
Computation of Conditional Probability Statistics by 8-Month-Old Infants
A recent report demonstrated that 8-month-olds can segment a continuous stream of speech syllables, containing no acoustic or prosodic cues to word boundaries, into wordlike units after only 2 min of listening experience (Saffran, Aslin, & Newport, 1996). Thus, a powerful learning mechanism capable of extracting statistical information from fluent speech is available early in development. The present study extends these results by documenting the…
Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults
Previous research suggests that language learners can detect and use the statistical properties of syllable sequences to discover words in continuous speech (e.g. Aslin, R.N., Saffran, J.R., Newport, E.L., 1998. Computation of conditional probability statistics by 8-month-old infants. Psychological Science 9, 321-324; Saffran, J.R., Aslin, R.N., Newport, E.L., 1996. Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science 274, 1926-1928; Saffran, J.,…
Spoken word recognition and lexical representation in very young children
Why Take the Cog Out of Infant Cognition
Smith, 1999) criticized several reports by investigators (e.g., Baillargeon, 1999; Spelke, 1998; Wynn, 1998) who offered a so-called “rich interpretation ” of findings gathered from young infants. The fundamental danger associated with such rich interpretations is that some simpler lower level mechanism may be discovered that can account for these same findings. This commentary is directed to three articles that appear in this issue of Infancy (B…
Infants' perception of transparency
Four- and 7-month-old infants' perception of transparency was investigated with computer-generated achromatic or color displays depicting a semitransparent box occluding the center of a rod. Following habituation, infants viewed test displays consisting of either a two-color rod (corresponding to the habituation display's proximal characteristics) or a solid rod (corresponding to the distal characteristics of the event depicted by the habituation…
Unsupervised Statistical Learning of Higher-Order Spatial Structures from Visual Scenes
Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shape cooccurrences during passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic, as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particular features of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency, subjects acquired in parallel seve…
Peter W. Jusczyk 1948–2001
Lexical Neighborhoods and the Word-Form Representations of 14-Month-Olds
The degree to which infants represent phonetic detail in words has been a source of controversy in phonology and developmental psychology. One prominent hypothesis holds that infants store words in a vague or inaccurate form until the learning of similar-sounding neighbors forces attention to subtle phonetic distinctions. In the experiment reported here, we used a visual fixation task to assess word recognition. We present the first evidence indi…
Gradient effects of within-category phonetic variation on lexical access
Phonological neighbourhoods in the developing lexicon
Structural analyses of developing lexicons have provided evidence for both children's holistic lexical representations and sensitivity to phonetic segments. In the present investigation, neighbourhood analyses of two children's (age 3;6) expressive lexicons, maternal input, and an adult lexicon were conducted. In addition to raw counts and frequency-weighted counts, neighbourhood size was calculated as the proportion of the lexicon to which each …
Probabilistic Constraint Satisfaction at the Lexical/Phonetic Interface
Learning at a distance I. Statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies
Anticipatory Eye Movements Reveal Infants' Auditory and Visual Categories
We introduce a new paradigm for the assessment of auditory and visual categories in 6‐month‐old infants using a 2‐alternative anticipatory eye‐movement response. Infants were trained by 2 different methods to anticipate the location of a visual reinforcer at 1 of 2 spatial locations (right or left) based on the identity of 2 cuing stimuli. After a training phase, infants were presented with a series of generalization trials in which novel (untrai…
Automated Corneal‐Reflection Eye Tracking in Infancy
Since the mid‐1800s, experimental psychologists have been using eye movements and gaze direction to make inferences about perception and cognition in adults (Müller, 1826, cited in Boring, 1942). In the past 175 years, these oculomotor measures have been refined (see Kowler, 1990) and used to address similar questions in infants (see Aslin, 1985, 1987; Branson, 1982; Haith, 1980; Maurer, 1975). The general rationale for relying on these visual be…
What's in a look?
The most common behavioral technique used to study infant perception, cognition, language, and social development is some variant of looking time. Since its inception as a reliable method in the late 1950s, a tremendous increase in knowledge about infant competencies has been gained by inferences made from measures of looking time. Here we examine the logic, utility, and future prospects for further gains in our understanding of infant cognition …
The Weckud Wetch of the Wast
Two experiments investigated the mechanism by which listeners adjust their interpretation of accented speech that is similar to a regional dialect of American English. Only a subset of the vowels of English (the front vowels) were shifted during adaptation, which consisted of listening to a 20‐min segment of the “Wizard of Oz.” Compared to a baseline (unadapted) condition, listeners showed significant adaptation to the accented speech, as indexed…
Psychology (41 obras) · Cognitive psychology (28 obras) · Language Development and Disorders (23 obras) · Child and Animal Learning Development (21 obras) · Computer Science (21 obras) · Linguistics (20 obras) · Developmental psychology (16 obras) · Perception (16 obras) · Cognition (12 obras) · Reading and Literacy Development (12 obras)