John K Butler
Biographic Data
| ID | 3438106 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John K Butler |
| GIVEN NAMES | John K |
| FAMILY NAME | Butler |
| SIGNATURE | BUTLER J K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Clemson University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 16 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Trust Expectations, Information Sharing, Climate of Trust, and Negotiation Effectiveness and Efficiency
Trust expectations, information quantity shared, the climate of trust, and negotiated outcomes were investigated. Initial trust expectation was manipulated, and participants provided data about the quantity of information shared, the climate of trust, and the outcomes of the negotiations. The 324 participants were practicing managers who conducted a negotiating role play with win-win potential. Information sharing followed from initial trust expe…
Effects of Perceived Leadership Behaviors on Job Satisfaction and Productivity
This study investigated effects of perceived leadership behaviors on job satisfaction and productivity. Participants were 467 graduate and undergraduate organizational behavior students who formed 101 groups. Previous field studies have found no effect of leaders' behaviors on organizational productivity when productivity was represented by indirect, enterprise-wide financial measures such as profit and return on assets. In our study, we manipula…
Male Negotiators
This study investigated the behavior of male negotiators as a function of the sex of their opponents and observers having no stake in the outcomes. Participants were 409 graduate and undergraduate students who engaged in role played negotiation. Analyses were conducted for only the all-male dyads. These males were rated as more dominating and offered to pay more when observed by women ( n = 29) than by men ( n = 64). Previously, dominating behavi…
Validity of Students' Teaching Evaluation Scores
We present evidence for the validity of scores on a published instrument for student evaluations of teaching performance. We replicated the instrument's factor structure very closely, yielding five factors virtually identical to those of a previous study that used two different populations. For construct validation, we developed a preliminary theoretical model that predicts different effects of three sets of variables on student ratings of teache…
Communication Factors and Trust
This study explored the relation between trust and specific factors of communication in a workplace environment for a sample of 82 men and 31 women ( M age = 37.1 yr.). Strong relations were found, and three communication factors responsible for these relations were identified
Validation of the Job Desirability Exercise
A new behavioral measure of the need for socialized power was developed and tested. No previous attempt has been made to measure this construct. Participants were 267 graduate and undergraduate business majors. The new instrument was found to possess adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and to avoid social desirability response bias. Correlations with other variables and confirmation of six hypotheses supported construct val…
Toward Understanding and Measuring Conditions of Trust
Ten conditions of trust were suggested by 84 interviews of managers, and two previous studies of managerial trust. Statements made in the interviews and the studies were used to develop a content theory of trust conditions and derive scales measuring them. The scales were generated with an iterative procedure using a total of 1531 management students. The scales were assessed for homogeneity, reliability, and validity with several samples: 180 ma…
Extrinsic Reward Valences and Productivity of Business Faculty
The valences of six extrinsic rewards that can accrue to business faculty members were investigated. A decision modeling experiment was designed with 16 different hypothetical reward situations to elicit effort decisions from 52 respondents. Using instrumentality theory, valences were represented by within-subject regression coefficients, obtained by regressing effort decisions on a set of orthogonal cues. Exploratory analyses yielded significant…
Effects of Cue Order in a Decision-Modeling Instrument
Two experiments, using two separate samples and two methods of analysis (Hotelling's T 2 and hierarchial regression), ruled out the cue-order threat to the internal validity of a decision-modeling instrument. Implications for measurement are discussed. Caution is suggested in generalizing to other populations and other instruments, despite the apparent robustness of the method of decision modeling
Hierarchical vs. Non-Nested Tests For Contrasting expectancy-Valence Models
This study tests the appropriateness of multiplicative versus additive expectancy-valence models for 82 undergraduate students. Participants are grouped according to the model that best explains their motivational force decisions to exert effort in a series of differing hypothetical college courses. Two statistical tests are used for grouping participants: the traditional hierarchical test for contrasting nested regression models, and a more comp…
A Behavioral Decision Theory Approach to Modeling Dyadic Trust in Superiors and Subordinates
The relative importances of five determinants of dyadic trust (integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness) were investigated from two perspectives: trust in superiors and trust in subordinates. Two experiments were designed from research on behavioral decision theory. The participants, 78 undergraduate management students, responded to cues that described hypothetical superiors (Exp. 1) and subordinates (Exp. 2). Responses indicate…
Effects of Role Familiarity on Measures Derived from a Behavioral Decision Theory Method
Using a method of measurement derived from behavioral decision theory, 73 undergraduate students projected themselves alternatively into roles of “hypothetical subordinates” and “hypothetical bosses.” Role familiarity correlated significantly with only one of the focal within-subject measures and the sign of this correlation was opposite to the hypothesis. The results support the robustness of measures generated by this method
A Vector Model for Describing and Comparing Profiles
This paper develops and tests an algorithm for computing indices for scoring and comparing multidimensional psychometric profiles. A Euclidean distance, d, derived from the Pythagorean theorem, is generally preferred over other indices of profile similarity. However, d assumes orthogonal profile dimensions. A model, which relaxes the orthogonality assumption, is offered. The model calculates a distance vector that comprises elevation, scatter and…
A Program for Computing an Index of Scale Unidimensionality
After briefly explaining an index of homogeneity for the items of a measurement scale, this paper describes a program that computes the index. Written in SAS, the program converts an output data set created by a factor analysis to two matrices: (a) the absolute values of the interitem correlations and (b) the item commonalities. These matrices are used to calculate the index
A Program for Computing the Vector Sum of Scores in a Multidimensional Test
This paper describes a program for summing the scores of test scales (or items). The usual assumptions of either unidimensionality of orthogonality among scales are relaxed. Scale scores are considered to be distance vectors, the sums of which are resultant vectors. The program uses the inter-scale correlation matrix to define the relative directions of the scale-score vectors. Output consists of the magnitude of the resultant vector and its dire…
Reciprocity of Trust between Professionals and Their Secretaries
This paper proposes and tests a model of interpersonal trust. It is hypothesized that trust between professionals and their secretaries is a reciprocally-reinforcing phenomenon. Participants were 21 attorneys, 31 high-school principals, 28 university department heads, and the secretaries of these professionals. Exogenous variables are locus of control, power expressed, power wanted, perceptions of power expressed and wanted by the other person, a…
No prominent works on this page.
A Vector Model for Describing and Comparing Profiles
This paper develops and tests an algorithm for computing indices for scoring and comparing multidimensional psychometric profiles. A Euclidean distance, d, derived from the Pythagorean theorem, is generally preferred over other indices of profile similarity. However, d assumes orthogonal profile dimensions. A model, which relaxes the orthogonality assumption, is offered. The model calculates a distance vector that comprises elevation, scatter and…
A Program for Computing an Index of Scale Unidimensionality
After briefly explaining an index of homogeneity for the items of a measurement scale, this paper describes a program that computes the index. Written in SAS, the program converts an output data set created by a factor analysis to two matrices: (a) the absolute values of the interitem correlations and (b) the item commonalities. These matrices are used to calculate the index
A Program for Computing the Vector Sum of Scores in a Multidimensional Test
This paper describes a program for summing the scores of test scales (or items). The usual assumptions of either unidimensionality of orthogonality among scales are relaxed. Scale scores are considered to be distance vectors, the sums of which are resultant vectors. The program uses the inter-scale correlation matrix to define the relative directions of the scale-score vectors. Output consists of the magnitude of the resultant vector and its dire…
Reciprocity of Trust between Professionals and Their Secretaries
This paper proposes and tests a model of interpersonal trust. It is hypothesized that trust between professionals and their secretaries is a reciprocally-reinforcing phenomenon. Participants were 21 attorneys, 31 high-school principals, 28 university department heads, and the secretaries of these professionals. Exogenous variables are locus of control, power expressed, power wanted, perceptions of power expressed and wanted by the other person, a…
A Behavioral Decision Theory Approach to Modeling Dyadic Trust in Superiors and Subordinates
The relative importances of five determinants of dyadic trust (integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness) were investigated from two perspectives: trust in superiors and trust in subordinates. Two experiments were designed from research on behavioral decision theory. The participants, 78 undergraduate management students, responded to cues that described hypothetical superiors (Exp. 1) and subordinates (Exp. 2). Responses indicate…
Effects of Role Familiarity on Measures Derived from a Behavioral Decision Theory Method
Using a method of measurement derived from behavioral decision theory, 73 undergraduate students projected themselves alternatively into roles of “hypothetical subordinates” and “hypothetical bosses.” Role familiarity correlated significantly with only one of the focal within-subject measures and the sign of this correlation was opposite to the hypothesis. The results support the robustness of measures generated by this method
Hierarchical vs. Non-Nested Tests For Contrasting expectancy-Valence Models
This study tests the appropriateness of multiplicative versus additive expectancy-valence models for 82 undergraduate students. Participants are grouped according to the model that best explains their motivational force decisions to exert effort in a series of differing hypothetical college courses. Two statistical tests are used for grouping participants: the traditional hierarchical test for contrasting nested regression models, and a more comp…
Effects of Cue Order in a Decision-Modeling Instrument
Two experiments, using two separate samples and two methods of analysis (Hotelling's T 2 and hierarchial regression), ruled out the cue-order threat to the internal validity of a decision-modeling instrument. Implications for measurement are discussed. Caution is suggested in generalizing to other populations and other instruments, despite the apparent robustness of the method of decision modeling
Extrinsic Reward Valences and Productivity of Business Faculty
The valences of six extrinsic rewards that can accrue to business faculty members were investigated. A decision modeling experiment was designed with 16 different hypothetical reward situations to elicit effort decisions from 52 respondents. Using instrumentality theory, valences were represented by within-subject regression coefficients, obtained by regressing effort decisions on a set of orthogonal cues. Exploratory analyses yielded significant…
Toward Understanding and Measuring Conditions of Trust
Ten conditions of trust were suggested by 84 interviews of managers, and two previous studies of managerial trust. Statements made in the interviews and the studies were used to develop a content theory of trust conditions and derive scales measuring them. The scales were generated with an iterative procedure using a total of 1531 management students. The scales were assessed for homogeneity, reliability, and validity with several samples: 180 ma…
Validation of the Job Desirability Exercise
A new behavioral measure of the need for socialized power was developed and tested. No previous attempt has been made to measure this construct. Participants were 267 graduate and undergraduate business majors. The new instrument was found to possess adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and to avoid social desirability response bias. Correlations with other variables and confirmation of six hypotheses supported construct val…
Communication Factors and Trust
This study explored the relation between trust and specific factors of communication in a workplace environment for a sample of 82 men and 31 women ( M age = 37.1 yr.). Strong relations were found, and three communication factors responsible for these relations were identified
Validity of Students' Teaching Evaluation Scores
We present evidence for the validity of scores on a published instrument for student evaluations of teaching performance. We replicated the instrument's factor structure very closely, yielding five factors virtually identical to those of a previous study that used two different populations. For construct validation, we developed a preliminary theoretical model that predicts different effects of three sets of variables on student ratings of teache…
Effects of Perceived Leadership Behaviors on Job Satisfaction and Productivity
This study investigated effects of perceived leadership behaviors on job satisfaction and productivity. Participants were 467 graduate and undergraduate organizational behavior students who formed 101 groups. Previous field studies have found no effect of leaders' behaviors on organizational productivity when productivity was represented by indirect, enterprise-wide financial measures such as profit and return on assets. In our study, we manipula…
Male Negotiators
This study investigated the behavior of male negotiators as a function of the sex of their opponents and observers having no stake in the outcomes. Participants were 409 graduate and undergraduate students who engaged in role played negotiation. Analyses were conducted for only the all-male dyads. These males were rated as more dominating and offered to pay more when observed by women ( n = 29) than by men ( n = 64). Previously, dominating behavi…
Trust Expectations, Information Sharing, Climate of Trust, and Negotiation Effectiveness and Efficiency
Trust expectations, information quantity shared, the climate of trust, and negotiated outcomes were investigated. Initial trust expectation was manipulated, and participants provided data about the quantity of information shared, the climate of trust, and the outcomes of the negotiations. The 324 participants were practicing managers who conducted a negotiating role play with win-win potential. Information sharing followed from initial trust expe…
Psychology (12 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Statistics (6 works) · Applied Psychology (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works) · Econometrics (4 works)