Eduard Fosch‐villaronga
Biographic Data
| ID | 3465463 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Eduard Fosch‐villaronga |
| GIVEN NAMES | Eduard |
| FAMILY NAME | Fosch‐villaronga |
| SIGNATURE | VILLARONGA E F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Leiden University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8325-5871 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 36 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
A Systematic Review of the Definitions for Social Robots in Regulation and Its Implications for Researchers and Developers
Social robots are increasingly present in homes, schools, and care settings, but in regulations and international standards they are typically classified as mobile service robots (MSRs). What qualifies as an MSR varies across jurisdictions and standards, creating definitional ambiguity with practical safety consequences: for example, Paro, the robotic seal, is classified as a medical device in the U.S. but treated as non-medical in the EU, compli…
Artificial Intelligence‐Driven Inequality: Gendered and Intersectional Experiences of Workplace Discrimination in Europe
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping critical areas such as hiring and workplace management, yet it risks systematically reproducing and amplifying existing inequalities, particularly regarding vulnerable groups. As addressing this urgent concern, we apply a feminist framework to examine gender differences in experiences of AI‐driven discrimination among employees and job seekers. Using survey data from 4417 individuals across 2…
Transparency in the datafied workplace: Law, workers, and job applicant perspectives
As AI systems become increasingly embedded in the workplace, and the datafication of recruitment and employment grows more pervasive, ensuring the trustworthiness of these technologies from design to deployment has emerged as a pressing concern - particularly within the European Union’s evolving regulatory framework. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the AI Act play a key role in shaping the governance of AI, including in recruitm…
Science for Robot Policy
The rapid advancement of service robotics has outpaced regulatory frameworks, leading to gaps and inconsistencies that hinder effective governance. While evidence-based policymaking is well-established in health and consumer protection fields, robotics regulation remains fragmented and reactive. This paper proposes Science for Robot Policy, a structured, evidence-driven model that bridges the disconnect between robotics innovation and regulatory …
User perceptions of misgendering algorithms
Gender classification systems (GCSs) on social media platforms, such as X (formerly Twitter), infer users’ gender for targeted advertising and personalization. However, these systems rely on binary classifications that fail to capture gender diversity, often leading to misclassification (i.e. misgendering). This study is a comprehensive analysis of algorithmic misgendering and its impact on user perceptions through a large-scale online global sur…
My Body, My Exoskeleton: Co-Designing Intersectional Visions of Robotic Augmentations through Drawings
Robotic exoskeletons have the potential to improve people’s mobility and physical capabilities significantly. However, current design choices often overlook the diversity of users, leading to exclusionary and ill-fitting robotic systems that fail to address intersectional differences, such as age, health conditions, and gender. This introduces disparities in how user needs and their related safety concerns are met. At the same time, accessible me…
Responsible automatically processable regulation
Driven by the increasing availability and deployment of ubiquitous computing technologies across our private and professional lives, implementations of automatically processable regulation (APR) have evolved over the past decade from academic projects to real-world implementations by states and companies. There are now pressing issues that such encoded regulation brings about for citizens and society, and strategies to mitigate these issues are r…
Misgendering algorithms: Insights from a cross-sectional survey on algorithmic gender classification in social media
Social media platforms rely on Gender Classification Systems (GCSs) to infer users’ gender from behavioral and demographic data, often without explicit consent. These systems optimize targeted advertising and user engagement but introduce significant ethical and regulatory concerns related to algorithmic bias, privacy, data governance, and accountability. Our study presents a large-scale survey ( N = 1642 ) analyzing the accuracy and implications…
Competing Legal Futures – “Commodification Bets” All the Way From Personal Data to AI
This Article explores the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven innovation across sectors, highlighting the resulting legal uncertainties. Despite the transformative influence of AI in healthcare, retail, finance and more, regulatory responses to these developments are often contradictory, contributing to the opacity of the legal underpinnings of AI business. Our Article notes the common trend of commercializing AI tools amidst lega…
Accounting for Diversity in Robot Design, Testbeds, and Safety Standardization
Science has started highlighting the importance of integrating diversity considerations in medicine and healthcare. However, there is little research into how these considerations apply, affect, and should be integrated into concrete healthcare innovations such as rehabilitation robotics. Robot policy ecosystems are also oblivious to the vast landscape of gender identity understanding, often ignoring these considerations and failing to guide deve…
Making sense of algorithmic profiling: User perceptions on Facebook
Algorithmic profiling has become increasingly prevalent in many social fields and practices, including finance, marketing, law, cultural consumption and production, and social engagement. Although researchers have begun to investigate algorithmic profiling from various perspectives, socio-technical studies of algorithmic profiling that consider users’ everyday perceptions are still scarce. In this article, we expand upon existing user-centered re…
Toy story or children story? Putting children and their rights at the forefront of the artificial intelligence revolution
Policymakers need to start considering the impact smart connected toys (SCTs) have on children. Equipped with sensors, data processing capacities, and connectivity, SCTs targeting children increasingly penetrate pervasively personal environments. The network of SCTs forms the Internet of Toys (IoToys) and often increases children's engagement and playtime experience. Unfortunately, this young part of the population and, most of the time, their pa…
How can ISO 13482: 2014 Account for the Ethical and Social Considerations of Robotic Exoskeletons
This paper analyzes and classifies regulatory gaps and inconsistencies in ISO 13482:2014 (‘Safety Requirements for Personal Care Robots'), specifically regarding robotic lower-limb exoskeletons, being personal care robots, for everyday activities. Following a systematic literature review, our findings support the conclusion that, even though ISO 13482:2014 has proven to be a substantial step towards regulating that type of wearable robot, it fail…
Ethical Considerations from Child-Robot Interactions in Under-Resourced Communities
The social dimension of domesticating technology: Interactions between older adults, caregivers, and robots in the home
In this article we look at the home as an arena for care by exploring how care robots and technological care-systems can become part of older adults’ lives. We investigate the domestication of robot technology in the context of what in Scandinavia is called “welfare technology” (relating to the terms “gerontechnology” and “Active Assisted Living,”) that especially aims to mitigate older adults ́ challenges with living in their own homes. Through …
Queering machines
Perceptions of Algorithmic Profiling on Facebook and Their Social Implications
With every digital interaction, individuals are increasingly subject to algorithmic profiling, understood as the systematic and purposeful recording and classification of data related to individuals. Large Internet firms, such as Facebook and Google/Alphabet, as well as third-party data brokers collect and combine detailed personal data to create sophisticated profiles for predictive purposes. Research has started to look into people’s perception…
Towards Transparency by Design for Artificial Intelligence
In this article, we develop the concept of Transparency by Design that serves as practical guidance in helping promote the beneficial functions of transparency while mitigating its challenges in automated-decision making (ADM) environments. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the ability of AI systems to make automated and self-learned decisions, a call for transparency of how such systems reach decisions has echoed within academic …
A Taxonomy of Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Wearable Robots: An Expert Perspective
Wearable robots and exoskeletons are relatively new technologies designed for assisting and augmenting human motor functions. Due to their different possible design applications and their intimate connection to the human body, they come with specific ethical, legal, and social issues (ELS), which have not been much explored in the recent ELS literature. This paper draws on expert consultations and a literature review to provide a taxonomy of the …
The Progressive Intertwinement Between Design, Human Needs and the Regulation of Care Technology: The Case of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons
The adoption of robot technology is accelerating in healthcare settings. Care robots can support and extend the work of caregivers in assisting patients, elderly or children. Typical examples of such systems are ‘cognitive therapeutic robots,’ ‘physical rehabilitation robots,’ ‘assistive and lifting robots.’ Although these robots might reduce the workload of care workers, and be a cost-efficient solution against healthcare system cuts, the insert…
Gathering Expert Opinions for Social Robots’ Ethical, Legal, and Societal Concerns: Findings from Four International Workshops
Social robots, those that exhibit personality and communicate with us using high-level dialogue and natural cues, will soon be part of our daily lives. In this paper, we gather expert opinions from different international workshops exploring ethical, legal, and social (ELS) concerns associated with social robots. In contrast to literature that looks at specific challenges, often from a certain disciplinary angle, our contribution to the literatur…
Innovation under pressure: Implications for data privacy during the Covid-19 pandemic
The global Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in social and economic disruption unprecedented in the modern era. Many countries have introduced severe measures to contain the virus, including travel restrictions, public event bans, non-essential business closures and remote work policies. While digital technologies help governments and organizations to enforce protection measures, such as contact tracing, their rushed deployment and adoption also rai…
Transparency you can trust: Transparency requirements for artificial intelligence between legal norms and contextual concerns
Transparency is now a fundamental principle for data processing under the General Data Protection Regulation. We explore what this requirement entails for artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems. We address the topic of transparency in artificial intelligence by integrating legal, social, and ethical aspects. We first investigate the ratio legis of the transparency requirement in the General Data Protection Regulation and it…
Transparency you can trust: Transparency requirements for artificial intelligence between legal norms and contextual concerns
Transparency is now a fundamental principle for data processing under the General Data Protection Regulation. We explore what this requirement entails for artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems. We address the topic of transparency in artificial intelligence by integrating legal, social, and ethical aspects. We first investigate the ratio legis of the transparency requirement in the General Data Protection Regulation and it…
The social dimension of domesticating technology: Interactions between older adults, caregivers, and robots in the home
In this article we look at the home as an arena for care by exploring how care robots and technological care-systems can become part of older adults’ lives. We investigate the domestication of robot technology in the context of what in Scandinavia is called “welfare technology” (relating to the terms “gerontechnology” and “Active Assisted Living,”) that especially aims to mitigate older adults ́ challenges with living in their own homes. Through …
Innovation under pressure: Implications for data privacy during the Covid-19 pandemic
The global Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in social and economic disruption unprecedented in the modern era. Many countries have introduced severe measures to contain the virus, including travel restrictions, public event bans, non-essential business closures and remote work policies. While digital technologies help governments and organizations to enforce protection measures, such as contact tracing, their rushed deployment and adoption also rai…
Ethical Considerations from Child-Robot Interactions in Under-Resourced Communities
Transparency you can trust: Transparency requirements for artificial intelligence between legal norms and contextual concerns
Transparency is now a fundamental principle for data processing under the General Data Protection Regulation. We explore what this requirement entails for artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems. We address the topic of transparency in artificial intelligence by integrating legal, social, and ethical aspects. We first investigate the ratio legis of the transparency requirement in the General Data Protection Regulation and it…
Queering machines
Perceptions of Algorithmic Profiling on Facebook and Their Social Implications
With every digital interaction, individuals are increasingly subject to algorithmic profiling, understood as the systematic and purposeful recording and classification of data related to individuals. Large Internet firms, such as Facebook and Google/Alphabet, as well as third-party data brokers collect and combine detailed personal data to create sophisticated profiles for predictive purposes. Research has started to look into people’s perception…
Towards Transparency by Design for Artificial Intelligence
In this article, we develop the concept of Transparency by Design that serves as practical guidance in helping promote the beneficial functions of transparency while mitigating its challenges in automated-decision making (ADM) environments. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the ability of AI systems to make automated and self-learned decisions, a call for transparency of how such systems reach decisions has echoed within academic …
A Taxonomy of Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Wearable Robots: An Expert Perspective
Wearable robots and exoskeletons are relatively new technologies designed for assisting and augmenting human motor functions. Due to their different possible design applications and their intimate connection to the human body, they come with specific ethical, legal, and social issues (ELS), which have not been much explored in the recent ELS literature. This paper draws on expert consultations and a literature review to provide a taxonomy of the …
The Progressive Intertwinement Between Design, Human Needs and the Regulation of Care Technology: The Case of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons
The adoption of robot technology is accelerating in healthcare settings. Care robots can support and extend the work of caregivers in assisting patients, elderly or children. Typical examples of such systems are ‘cognitive therapeutic robots,’ ‘physical rehabilitation robots,’ ‘assistive and lifting robots.’ Although these robots might reduce the workload of care workers, and be a cost-efficient solution against healthcare system cuts, the insert…
Gathering Expert Opinions for Social Robots’ Ethical, Legal, and Societal Concerns: Findings from Four International Workshops
Social robots, those that exhibit personality and communicate with us using high-level dialogue and natural cues, will soon be part of our daily lives. In this paper, we gather expert opinions from different international workshops exploring ethical, legal, and social (ELS) concerns associated with social robots. In contrast to literature that looks at specific challenges, often from a certain disciplinary angle, our contribution to the literatur…
Innovation under pressure: Implications for data privacy during the Covid-19 pandemic
The global Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in social and economic disruption unprecedented in the modern era. Many countries have introduced severe measures to contain the virus, including travel restrictions, public event bans, non-essential business closures and remote work policies. While digital technologies help governments and organizations to enforce protection measures, such as contact tracing, their rushed deployment and adoption also rai…
The social dimension of domesticating technology: Interactions between older adults, caregivers, and robots in the home
In this article we look at the home as an arena for care by exploring how care robots and technological care-systems can become part of older adults’ lives. We investigate the domestication of robot technology in the context of what in Scandinavia is called “welfare technology” (relating to the terms “gerontechnology” and “Active Assisted Living,”) that especially aims to mitigate older adults ́ challenges with living in their own homes. Through …
Ethical Considerations from Child-Robot Interactions in Under-Resourced Communities
Accounting for Diversity in Robot Design, Testbeds, and Safety Standardization
Science has started highlighting the importance of integrating diversity considerations in medicine and healthcare. However, there is little research into how these considerations apply, affect, and should be integrated into concrete healthcare innovations such as rehabilitation robotics. Robot policy ecosystems are also oblivious to the vast landscape of gender identity understanding, often ignoring these considerations and failing to guide deve…
Making sense of algorithmic profiling: User perceptions on Facebook
Algorithmic profiling has become increasingly prevalent in many social fields and practices, including finance, marketing, law, cultural consumption and production, and social engagement. Although researchers have begun to investigate algorithmic profiling from various perspectives, socio-technical studies of algorithmic profiling that consider users’ everyday perceptions are still scarce. In this article, we expand upon existing user-centered re…
Toy story or children story? Putting children and their rights at the forefront of the artificial intelligence revolution
Policymakers need to start considering the impact smart connected toys (SCTs) have on children. Equipped with sensors, data processing capacities, and connectivity, SCTs targeting children increasingly penetrate pervasively personal environments. The network of SCTs forms the Internet of Toys (IoToys) and often increases children's engagement and playtime experience. Unfortunately, this young part of the population and, most of the time, their pa…
How can ISO 13482: 2014 Account for the Ethical and Social Considerations of Robotic Exoskeletons
This paper analyzes and classifies regulatory gaps and inconsistencies in ISO 13482:2014 (‘Safety Requirements for Personal Care Robots'), specifically regarding robotic lower-limb exoskeletons, being personal care robots, for everyday activities. Following a systematic literature review, our findings support the conclusion that, even though ISO 13482:2014 has proven to be a substantial step towards regulating that type of wearable robot, it fail…
Competing Legal Futures – “Commodification Bets” All the Way From Personal Data to AI
This Article explores the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven innovation across sectors, highlighting the resulting legal uncertainties. Despite the transformative influence of AI in healthcare, retail, finance and more, regulatory responses to these developments are often contradictory, contributing to the opacity of the legal underpinnings of AI business. Our Article notes the common trend of commercializing AI tools amidst lega…
Science for Robot Policy
The rapid advancement of service robotics has outpaced regulatory frameworks, leading to gaps and inconsistencies that hinder effective governance. While evidence-based policymaking is well-established in health and consumer protection fields, robotics regulation remains fragmented and reactive. This paper proposes Science for Robot Policy, a structured, evidence-driven model that bridges the disconnect between robotics innovation and regulatory …
User perceptions of misgendering algorithms
Gender classification systems (GCSs) on social media platforms, such as X (formerly Twitter), infer users’ gender for targeted advertising and personalization. However, these systems rely on binary classifications that fail to capture gender diversity, often leading to misclassification (i.e. misgendering). This study is a comprehensive analysis of algorithmic misgendering and its impact on user perceptions through a large-scale online global sur…
My Body, My Exoskeleton: Co-Designing Intersectional Visions of Robotic Augmentations through Drawings
Robotic exoskeletons have the potential to improve people’s mobility and physical capabilities significantly. However, current design choices often overlook the diversity of users, leading to exclusionary and ill-fitting robotic systems that fail to address intersectional differences, such as age, health conditions, and gender. This introduces disparities in how user needs and their related safety concerns are met. At the same time, accessible me…
Responsible automatically processable regulation
Driven by the increasing availability and deployment of ubiquitous computing technologies across our private and professional lives, implementations of automatically processable regulation (APR) have evolved over the past decade from academic projects to real-world implementations by states and companies. There are now pressing issues that such encoded regulation brings about for citizens and society, and strategies to mitigate these issues are r…
Misgendering algorithms: Insights from a cross-sectional survey on algorithmic gender classification in social media
Social media platforms rely on Gender Classification Systems (GCSs) to infer users’ gender from behavioral and demographic data, often without explicit consent. These systems optimize targeted advertising and user engagement but introduce significant ethical and regulatory concerns related to algorithmic bias, privacy, data governance, and accountability. Our study presents a large-scale survey ( N = 1642 ) analyzing the accuracy and implications…
A Systematic Review of the Definitions for Social Robots in Regulation and Its Implications for Researchers and Developers
Social robots are increasingly present in homes, schools, and care settings, but in regulations and international standards they are typically classified as mobile service robots (MSRs). What qualifies as an MSR varies across jurisdictions and standards, creating definitional ambiguity with practical safety consequences: for example, Paro, the robotic seal, is classified as a medical device in the U.S. but treated as non-medical in the EU, compli…
Artificial Intelligence‐Driven Inequality: Gendered and Intersectional Experiences of Workplace Discrimination in Europe
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping critical areas such as hiring and workplace management, yet it risks systematically reproducing and amplifying existing inequalities, particularly regarding vulnerable groups. As addressing this urgent concern, we apply a feminist framework to examine gender differences in experiences of AI‐driven discrimination among employees and job seekers. Using survey data from 4417 individuals across 2…
Transparency in the datafied workplace: Law, workers, and job applicant perspectives
As AI systems become increasingly embedded in the workplace, and the datafication of recruitment and employment grows more pervasive, ensuring the trustworthiness of these technologies from design to deployment has emerged as a pressing concern - particularly within the European Union’s evolving regulatory framework. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the AI Act play a key role in shaping the governance of AI, including in recruitm…
Computer Science (16 works) · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI (11 works) · Artificial Intelligence (9 works) · Robot (9 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Business (7 works) · Engineering (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Engineering ethics (6 works) · Law (6 works)