Armando Rodríguez-Pérez
Biographic Data
| ID | 348469 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Armando Rodríguez-Pérez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Armando |
| FAMILY NAME | Rodríguez-Pérez |
| SIGNATURE | RODRÍGUEZ-PÉREZ A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad de La Laguna |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7279-3546 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 165 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Humanizing the Transgressor, Dehumanizing the Victim: The Asymmetric Effects of Transgressors’ Good Intentions in Immoral Behaviour
Dehumanization is a potential consequence of moral judgments that may influence how people perceive and relate to those involved in a moral transgression. We propose that a transgressor's intentions shape perceptions of both transgressors’ and victims’ humanness. In Study 1 ( n = 315), we examined the dehumanization of the transgressor while manipulating their intentions (good vs. bad) and the consequences of their actions. In Study 2 ( n = 341),…
The others are harassers, but my loved ones are not: The effect of closeness on offender justification
Experiences of individuals with serious mental disorders in regular employment through the Individual Placement and Support model
These findings reinforce the significance of employment in the recovery process for individuals with Serious Mental Disorders and emphasize the importance of understanding the subjective meaning individuals attribute to their work experiences
Dehumanization of Uncivil Behaviors: Insights into Lack of Humanness and Racial Belonging
Humans are social creatures who need to respect certain norms and practice social responsibility for the well-being of everyone, but many people transgress these norms. Behaving uncivilly may lead to the transgressor being seen as someone unable to live in society and not as human as others. However, not all transgressors are perceived and evaluated equally. The purpose of this research was to verify the relationship between incivility and lack o…
Dehumanization as a Response to Uncivil and Immoral Behaviors
Theoretical approaches to dehumanization consider civility to be an attribute of human uniqueness (HU). However, studies that explore the links between civility and humanness are scarce. More precisely, the present research tests whether there is a consistent relationship between civility and HU. Method and results: The first study (N = 192; Mage = 19.91; SD = 2.70; 69% women) shows that individuals infer more HU traits in the agents of civil beh…
Are Civility Norms Morality Norms’ Little Sister? The Truth Value That Lay Thinking Associates with Civility and Morality Social Norms
Previous research shows that civility norms, such as morality norms, are necessary navigational charts to orient an individual in social life. However, there are no studies that establish the extent to which people consider civility norms as objective facts in a similar way to how many moral norms are considered. This research examines the perceived objectivity of civility norms in contrast to morality norms. The results show, firstly, that immor…
Not Humans, but Animals or Machines: Evidence of Dehumanization in Children
The aims of the present research are (1) to provide empirical evidence on animalization and, especially, mechanization in childhood and (2) to determine if outgroup stereotypical characteristics influence the dehumanization strategy chosen by children. In Study 1 (Study 1A: N = 77, M age = 13.18; Study 1B: N = 140, M age = 12.28), we investigated whether children associate machine-related words with the outgroup (Japanese) to a greater extent tha…
Incivilities and Dehumanization: The Role of the Physical Environment
The environment determines the way in which people interpret social life. In fact, depending on the context, multiple potential attitudes can be evoked by an attitude object. The purpose of this research is to test whether the perception of uncivil behavior and its perpetrators is affected by the physical environment in which this behavior is framed. Specifically, we explore the role of two environmental dimensions – naturalness and openness – in…
Protecting ingroup’s humanity: The role of gender and regional belonging ( Proteger la humanidad del grupo: el papel del género y de la pertenencia regional )
To test the differential effect of gender and regional belonging, we used a method based on the ingroup over-exclusion effect but taking into account both the gender of the participants and the stimuli. Two experiments were conducted to study the role of gender of participants in the categorization of ambiguous faces as humans or animals. According to the over-exclusion hypothesis, individuals protect their ingroup by excluding any individual who…
Humanness Is Not Always Positive: Automatic Associations between Incivilities and Human Symbols
Uncivil behavior involves an attack on social norms related to the protection of public property and respect for community life. However, at the same time, the low-frequency and relatively low-intensity damage caused by most of these behaviors could lead to incivilities being considered a typically human action. The purpose of this set of studies is to examine the automatic associations that people establish between humanness and both civic and u…
Stereotypes and Dehumanization: The Relationship Between the Dual Models of Dehumanization and Stereotype Content
Across two studies, we tested the relationship between the stereotype dimensions of sociability, morality, and competence and the two dimensions of humanness (human nature and human uniqueness). Study 1 considered real groups and revealed that sociability had greater power than morality in predicting human nature. For some groups, sociability also trumped competence in predicting human nature. By contrast, the attribution of human uniqueness was …
Respect for community as a moral norm ( El respeto a la comunidad como norma moral ) (( El respeto a la comunidad como norma moral ))
Psychology has traditionally distinguished between the moral norms associated with individual rights and the social conventions associated with good manners and respect for others. However, the crisis caused by COVID-19 is generating a displacement in the moral status of these two types of norms by enhancing the importance of community-related norms. The new Moral Foundations Theory helps explain these changes
Children Consider Their Own Group to Be More Human Than Other Social Groups: Evidence From Indirect and Direct Measures
Three studies were conducted to determine whether outgroups were dehumanized through animalization since childhood. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), in Study 1 we found faster reaction times in the compatible condition (ingroup names and human words, outgroup names and animal words), compared with the incompatible condition (ingroup names and animal words, outgroup names and human words). In Study 2, we used a paper-and-pencil design an…
Priming Effects of Violence on Infrahumanization
Two experiments examine whether exposure to generic violence can display infrahumanization towards out-groups. In Study 1, participants had to solve a lexical decision task after viewing animal or human violent scenes. In Study 2, participants were exposed to either human violent or human suffering pictures before doing a lexical decision task. In both studies, the infrahumanization bias appeared after viewing the human violent pictures but not i…
Dimensions of “uniquely” and “non‐uniquely” human emotions
Emotion scientists often distinguish those emotions that are encountered universally, even among animals ( “primary emotions”), from those experienced by human beings ( “secondary emotions”). No attempt, however, has ever been made to capture the lay conception about this distinction and to find the criteria on which the distinction is based. The first study presented in this paper was conducted in three countries involving four languages, so as …
Emotional prejudice can lead to infra-humanisation
Groups are social constructions with differences. People spontaneously attempt to explain differences between groups. Stereotypes often play this explanatory role. Specifically, group members tend to attribute different essences to social categories. Given widespread ethnocentrism, it is not surprising that individuals reserve “the human essence” for their ingroup, while other groups are attributed a lesser humanity. This phenomenon is called inf…
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
In explaining differences between groups, people ascribe the human essence to their ingroup and consider outgroups as less human. This phenomenon, called infra‐humanization, occurs outside people's awareness. Because secondary emotions (e.g. love, hope, contempt, resentment) are considered uniquely human emotions, people not only attribute more secondary emotions to their ingroup than to outgroups, but are reluctant to associate these emotions wi…
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
According to Leyens et al.’s (2000) theory, intergroup discrimination involves a differential appraisal of the ingroup’s and the outgroup’s uniquely human characteristics. Four experiments investigated how emotions that are considered uniquely (i.e. secondary emotions) and non uniquely (i.e. primary emotions) human (Demoulin et al., 2001a) are differentially associated with the ingroup and the outgroup. Using the Implicit Association Task (IAT) w…
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
According to Leyens et al.’s (2000) theory, intergroup discrimination involves a differential appraisal of the ingroup’s and the outgroup’s uniquely human characteristics. Four experiments investigated how emotions that are considered uniquely (i.e. secondary emotions) and non uniquely (i.e. primary emotions) human (Demoulin et al., 2001a) are differentially associated with the ingroup and the outgroup. Using the Implicit Association Task (IAT) w…
Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups
According to the psychological essentialism perspective, people tend to explain differences between groups by attributing them different essences. Given a pervasive ethnocentrism, this tendency implies that the human essence will be restricted to the ingroup whereas outgroups will receive a lesser degree of humanity. Therefore, it is argued that people attribute more uniquely human characteristics to the ingroup than to the outgroup. The present …
The Emotional Side of Prejudice: The Attribution of Secondary Emotions to Ingroups and Outgroups
If people favor their ingroup, are especially concerned with their own group, and attribute different essences to different groups, it follows that their essence must be superior to the essence of other groups. Intelligence, language, and certain emotions are all considered to be distinctive elements of human nature or essence. The role of inteligence and language in discrimination, prejudice, and racism has already been largely investigated, and…
Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups
According to the psychological essentialism perspective, people tend to explain differences between groups by attributing them different essences. Given a pervasive ethnocentrism, this tendency implies that the human essence will be restricted to the ingroup whereas outgroups will receive a lesser degree of humanity. Therefore, it is argued that people attribute more uniquely human characteristics to the ingroup than to the outgroup. The present …
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
According to Leyens et al.’s (2000) theory, intergroup discrimination involves a differential appraisal of the ingroup’s and the outgroup’s uniquely human characteristics. Four experiments investigated how emotions that are considered uniquely (i.e. secondary emotions) and non uniquely (i.e. primary emotions) human (Demoulin et al., 2001a) are differentially associated with the ingroup and the outgroup. Using the Implicit Association Task (IAT) w…
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
In explaining differences between groups, people ascribe the human essence to their ingroup and consider outgroups as less human. This phenomenon, called infra‐humanization, occurs outside people's awareness. Because secondary emotions (e.g. love, hope, contempt, resentment) are considered uniquely human emotions, people not only attribute more secondary emotions to their ingroup than to outgroups, but are reluctant to associate these emotions wi…
Priming Effects of Violence on Infrahumanization
Two experiments examine whether exposure to generic violence can display infrahumanization towards out-groups. In Study 1, participants had to solve a lexical decision task after viewing animal or human violent scenes. In Study 2, participants were exposed to either human violent or human suffering pictures before doing a lexical decision task. In both studies, the infrahumanization bias appeared after viewing the human violent pictures but not i…
Incivilities and Dehumanization: The Role of the Physical Environment
The environment determines the way in which people interpret social life. In fact, depending on the context, multiple potential attitudes can be evoked by an attitude object. The purpose of this research is to test whether the perception of uncivil behavior and its perpetrators is affected by the physical environment in which this behavior is framed. Specifically, we explore the role of two environmental dimensions – naturalness and openness – in…
Stereotypes and Dehumanization: The Relationship Between the Dual Models of Dehumanization and Stereotype Content
Across two studies, we tested the relationship between the stereotype dimensions of sociability, morality, and competence and the two dimensions of humanness (human nature and human uniqueness). Study 1 considered real groups and revealed that sociability had greater power than morality in predicting human nature. For some groups, sociability also trumped competence in predicting human nature. By contrast, the attribution of human uniqueness was …
Children Consider Their Own Group to Be More Human Than Other Social Groups: Evidence From Indirect and Direct Measures
Three studies were conducted to determine whether outgroups were dehumanized through animalization since childhood. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), in Study 1 we found faster reaction times in the compatible condition (ingroup names and human words, outgroup names and animal words), compared with the incompatible condition (ingroup names and animal words, outgroup names and human words). In Study 2, we used a paper-and-pencil design an…
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
According to Leyens et al.’s (2000) theory, intergroup discrimination involves a differential appraisal of the ingroup’s and the outgroup’s uniquely human characteristics. Four experiments investigated how emotions that are considered uniquely (i.e. secondary emotions) and non uniquely (i.e. primary emotions) human (Demoulin et al., 2001a) are differentially associated with the ingroup and the outgroup. Using the Implicit Association Task (IAT) w…
The Emotional Side of Prejudice: The Attribution of Secondary Emotions to Ingroups and Outgroups
If people favor their ingroup, are especially concerned with their own group, and attribute different essences to different groups, it follows that their essence must be superior to the essence of other groups. Intelligence, language, and certain emotions are all considered to be distinctive elements of human nature or essence. The role of inteligence and language in discrimination, prejudice, and racism has already been largely investigated, and…
Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups
According to the psychological essentialism perspective, people tend to explain differences between groups by attributing them different essences. Given a pervasive ethnocentrism, this tendency implies that the human essence will be restricted to the ingroup whereas outgroups will receive a lesser degree of humanity. Therefore, it is argued that people attribute more uniquely human characteristics to the ingroup than to the outgroup. The present …
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
According to Leyens et al.’s (2000) theory, intergroup discrimination involves a differential appraisal of the ingroup’s and the outgroup’s uniquely human characteristics. Four experiments investigated how emotions that are considered uniquely (i.e. secondary emotions) and non uniquely (i.e. primary emotions) human (Demoulin et al., 2001a) are differentially associated with the ingroup and the outgroup. Using the Implicit Association Task (IAT) w…
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
According to Leyens et al.’s (2000) theory, intergroup discrimination involves a differential appraisal of the ingroup’s and the outgroup’s uniquely human characteristics. Four experiments investigated how emotions that are considered uniquely (i.e. secondary emotions) and non uniquely (i.e. primary emotions) human (Demoulin et al., 2001a) are differentially associated with the ingroup and the outgroup. Using the Implicit Association Task (IAT) w…
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
In explaining differences between groups, people ascribe the human essence to their ingroup and consider outgroups as less human. This phenomenon, called infra‐humanization, occurs outside people's awareness. Because secondary emotions (e.g. love, hope, contempt, resentment) are considered uniquely human emotions, people not only attribute more secondary emotions to their ingroup than to outgroups, but are reluctant to associate these emotions wi…
Dimensions of “uniquely” and “non‐uniquely” human emotions
Emotion scientists often distinguish those emotions that are encountered universally, even among animals ( “primary emotions”), from those experienced by human beings ( “secondary emotions”). No attempt, however, has ever been made to capture the lay conception about this distinction and to find the criteria on which the distinction is based. The first study presented in this paper was conducted in three countries involving four languages, so as …
Emotional prejudice can lead to infra-humanisation
Groups are social constructions with differences. People spontaneously attempt to explain differences between groups. Stereotypes often play this explanatory role. Specifically, group members tend to attribute different essences to social categories. Given widespread ethnocentrism, it is not surprising that individuals reserve “the human essence” for their ingroup, while other groups are attributed a lesser humanity. This phenomenon is called inf…
Priming Effects of Violence on Infrahumanization
Two experiments examine whether exposure to generic violence can display infrahumanization towards out-groups. In Study 1, participants had to solve a lexical decision task after viewing animal or human violent scenes. In Study 2, participants were exposed to either human violent or human suffering pictures before doing a lexical decision task. In both studies, the infrahumanization bias appeared after viewing the human violent pictures but not i…
Children Consider Their Own Group to Be More Human Than Other Social Groups: Evidence From Indirect and Direct Measures
Three studies were conducted to determine whether outgroups were dehumanized through animalization since childhood. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), in Study 1 we found faster reaction times in the compatible condition (ingroup names and human words, outgroup names and animal words), compared with the incompatible condition (ingroup names and animal words, outgroup names and human words). In Study 2, we used a paper-and-pencil design an…
Respect for community as a moral norm ( El respeto a la comunidad como norma moral ) (( El respeto a la comunidad como norma moral ))
Psychology has traditionally distinguished between the moral norms associated with individual rights and the social conventions associated with good manners and respect for others. However, the crisis caused by COVID-19 is generating a displacement in the moral status of these two types of norms by enhancing the importance of community-related norms. The new Moral Foundations Theory helps explain these changes
Protecting ingroup’s humanity: The role of gender and regional belonging ( Proteger la humanidad del grupo: el papel del género y de la pertenencia regional )
To test the differential effect of gender and regional belonging, we used a method based on the ingroup over-exclusion effect but taking into account both the gender of the participants and the stimuli. Two experiments were conducted to study the role of gender of participants in the categorization of ambiguous faces as humans or animals. According to the over-exclusion hypothesis, individuals protect their ingroup by excluding any individual who…
Humanness Is Not Always Positive: Automatic Associations between Incivilities and Human Symbols
Uncivil behavior involves an attack on social norms related to the protection of public property and respect for community life. However, at the same time, the low-frequency and relatively low-intensity damage caused by most of these behaviors could lead to incivilities being considered a typically human action. The purpose of this set of studies is to examine the automatic associations that people establish between humanness and both civic and u…
Stereotypes and Dehumanization: The Relationship Between the Dual Models of Dehumanization and Stereotype Content
Across two studies, we tested the relationship between the stereotype dimensions of sociability, morality, and competence and the two dimensions of humanness (human nature and human uniqueness). Study 1 considered real groups and revealed that sociability had greater power than morality in predicting human nature. For some groups, sociability also trumped competence in predicting human nature. By contrast, the attribution of human uniqueness was …
Dehumanization as a Response to Uncivil and Immoral Behaviors
Theoretical approaches to dehumanization consider civility to be an attribute of human uniqueness (HU). However, studies that explore the links between civility and humanness are scarce. More precisely, the present research tests whether there is a consistent relationship between civility and HU. Method and results: The first study (N = 192; Mage = 19.91; SD = 2.70; 69% women) shows that individuals infer more HU traits in the agents of civil beh…
Are Civility Norms Morality Norms’ Little Sister? The Truth Value That Lay Thinking Associates with Civility and Morality Social Norms
Previous research shows that civility norms, such as morality norms, are necessary navigational charts to orient an individual in social life. However, there are no studies that establish the extent to which people consider civility norms as objective facts in a similar way to how many moral norms are considered. This research examines the perceived objectivity of civility norms in contrast to morality norms. The results show, firstly, that immor…
Not Humans, but Animals or Machines: Evidence of Dehumanization in Children
The aims of the present research are (1) to provide empirical evidence on animalization and, especially, mechanization in childhood and (2) to determine if outgroup stereotypical characteristics influence the dehumanization strategy chosen by children. In Study 1 (Study 1A: N = 77, M age = 13.18; Study 1B: N = 140, M age = 12.28), we investigated whether children associate machine-related words with the outgroup (Japanese) to a greater extent tha…
Incivilities and Dehumanization: The Role of the Physical Environment
The environment determines the way in which people interpret social life. In fact, depending on the context, multiple potential attitudes can be evoked by an attitude object. The purpose of this research is to test whether the perception of uncivil behavior and its perpetrators is affected by the physical environment in which this behavior is framed. Specifically, we explore the role of two environmental dimensions – naturalness and openness – in…
The others are harassers, but my loved ones are not: The effect of closeness on offender justification
Experiences of individuals with serious mental disorders in regular employment through the Individual Placement and Support model
These findings reinforce the significance of employment in the recovery process for individuals with Serious Mental Disorders and emphasize the importance of understanding the subjective meaning individuals attribute to their work experiences
Dehumanization of Uncivil Behaviors: Insights into Lack of Humanness and Racial Belonging
Humans are social creatures who need to respect certain norms and practice social responsibility for the well-being of everyone, but many people transgress these norms. Behaving uncivilly may lead to the transgressor being seen as someone unable to live in society and not as human as others. However, not all transgressors are perceived and evaluated equally. The purpose of this research was to verify the relationship between incivility and lack o…
Humanizing the Transgressor, Dehumanizing the Victim: The Asymmetric Effects of Transgressors’ Good Intentions in Immoral Behaviour
Dehumanization is a potential consequence of moral judgments that may influence how people perceive and relate to those involved in a moral transgression. We propose that a transgressor's intentions shape perceptions of both transgressors’ and victims’ humanness. In Study 1 ( n = 315), we examined the dehumanization of the transgressor while manipulating their intentions (good vs. bad) and the consequences of their actions. In Study 2 ( n = 341),…
Psychology (20 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (13 works) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (12 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (9 works) · Ingroups and outgroups (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Dehumanization (7 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works) · Outgroup (7 works)