Carlos Solar
Biographic Data
| ID | 349667 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carlos Solar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carlos |
| FAMILY NAME | Solar |
| SIGNATURE | SOLAR C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Essex |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4230-3395 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 30 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Militarism and Militarization in Latin America
This Special Issue explores Latin America’s recent wave of militarism across countries, the militarization of the rule of law, and its consequences on everyday life. It draws on the region’s recent history of giving militarized responses to seemingly intractable social, political, and economical problems. We argue that the presence of military values, beliefs, and mentalities have permeated processes in which nations absorb and aspire to military…
Exploring the multilevel nature of police confidence in Brazil
This article proposes multilevel modelling to account for individuals’ contexts when predicting police confidence. It uses the case study of Brazil considering 107 cities from 25 states to assess four evidence and literature-based predictors impacting police confidence measures in the country. The article found that being a crime victim, experiencing police corruption and having low interpersonal trust were negatively and significantly associated…
Access to the Internet and Declining Democracy in Venezuela
This article explores the effects of different social determinants on having Internet access in Venezuela amid recent economic and political turmoil affecting living conditions and satisfaction with democracy. It argues that the so-called digital divide, a term depicting connectivity gaps, uses a simplistic dichotomy measuring percentages of who has and who hasn’t accessed the Internet. The article goes beyond such a restrictive metric and grasps…
Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America
This book asks why crime and violence persist in Latin America at extreme levels and why the states have not been able to more effectively solve this problem that dominates the lives of many millions of Latin Americans. Informed by diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the book brings together a team of regional experts to discuss research-based explanations of some of Latin America's most pressing criminal and violent issues distressing the rule of …
Thinking beyond averages
The study of military spending has been an enduring concern within military sociology and political science. Methodologically, one of the biggest challenges lay in dealing with its heavy-tailed distribution influenced by the growing separation between China and the United States from the rest of the world. In the presence of outliers along the continuum of military expenditure, we should be paying more attention to portions of the distribution th…
Austerity and governance
Notions of network and polycentric governance highlight the possibility of innovation and adaptability in service delivery. At the same time, it has been argued that austerity and financial restrictions create intense pressures for public sector reform as public sector organizations look to new ways to deliver services. Hence the argument from governments in advanced democracies was that austerity would drive innovation. This article argues, thro…
Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America
Trust in the military in post-authoritarian societies
Why does the military remain one of the most trusted institutions despite, in some cases, their history of violence, corporate abuses and bloody interventions to overthrow the state and punish parts of society? This article analyses the interaction between individual factors and support for the armed forces in Argentina, Brazil and Chile to understand current forms of opinion and trust-shifts in post-authoritarian societies. It explores whether i…
Forced Disappearances and the Inequalities of a Global Crime
Decentralisation and central-local relations
Introducing Change in Public Service Organizations under Austerity
Introducing, managing, and sustaining change in public service organizations is challenging for policy makers to implement and for scholars to theorize. In 2010, the U.K. Government introduced policy changes to help bring down the national deficit. The executive's planned reforms aimed to deliver a so‐called battle‐winning military force, a smaller and more professional Ministry of Defence, and an affordable overall defence organization. The arti…
China’s weapons transfer in the Western hemisphere
What characterises China’s weapons diplomacy and how does it unfold in the current security scenario in the Western Hemisphere? This article argues that Chinese arms deliveries have arrived in the region together with the expansion of commerce and trade routes as evidenced in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. In Latin America and the Caribbean, states seek to buy weapons in light of contentious border hot spots and intrastate rampant violence. C…
Civil-Military Relations
How does civilian control affect military effectiveness? Can a balance be achieved between the two? In-country experts address these questions through a set of rich comparative case studies. Covering the spectrum from democracies to authoritarian regimes, they explore the nexus of control and effectiveness to reveal its importance for national security and the legitimacy of both political order and the military institution
Civil-military relations and human security in a post-dictatorship
This article explores current developments in Chile, where since the return to democracy in 1990, the elected authorities have reconfigured the nation’s military resources in favour of four action pillars: peacekeeping and international conflict management, landmine removal and gun disarmament, emergency and catastrophe response, and a concern for human, economic and social rights. Successive defence policies offer a valuable case study for explo…
Chile’s Peacekeeping and the Post-UN Intervention Scenario in Haiti
The defence and foreign policy communities in the Global South should learn from the lessons of security governance that followed the 13-year United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). To better inform the academic and policy debate, this article extrapolates ideas from the case study of Chile, one of the ‘big four’ Latin American peacekeeping providers in Haiti, along with Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The article examines Chile’…
Defence ministers and the politics of civil-military labour in Chile
Defence labour division is a complex process of policy-making where political and military interests collide, most especially, in recently democratised countries. Samuel Huntington’s theoretical concepts, described in his book The soldier and the state (1957) continue to influence the debate over the best approach to assure civilian control of the military, and the potential for civilian connivances with defence labour. This article reviews Hunti…
Government and Governance of Security
At a time when Latin America is experiencing societal unrest from human rights violations, corruption and weak institutions Government and Governance of Security offers an insightful understanding for the modern steering of crime policies. Using Chile as a case study, the book delivers an untold account of the trade-offs between political, judicial and policing institutions put in practice to confront organised crime since the country’s redemocra…
Reassessing Chilean international security
Non-State Security in Chile
When strolling through modern urban Chile, a common feature stands out: the vast presence of non-state security across retail, industrial, office, leisure, and residential areas. Private guards app
Military missions in democratic Latin America
Policy-makers in less advanced democracies are using the armed forces as an alternate tool for addressing unrelenting social problems caused by underdevelopment. In doing so, the military have covered the gaps left by other unavailable or non-existent public services. The defence needs in the global South are thus changing at great speed, with both elected authorities and the generals embracing human security policies. The many examples in Latin …
Reflections on memory and democracy
At a moment, as countries in Latin America seem desperate to provide a degree of hope for their growing middle classes, pausing to think about the role of the past in this frantic surge towards development appears rather unimportant. But the promises and dreams of a better future can be easily eclipsed by the breakdown of democracy, the usurpation of freedom, the corruption of authority and the violence and death caused by repressive and authorit…
Governance of Defense and Policymaking in C hile
As L atin A merican countries work toward leaving military regimes well behind, the current governing of defense in the hands of civilians unveils a series of challenges for democratically elected leaders. This article analyzes the case study of C hile's contemporary defense sector and its policymaking after three decades of evolving civil–military relations. The research focuses particularly on the E strategia N acional de S eguridad y D efensa …
The inter-institutional governance of money laundering
Chile began its re-democratisation process in 1990 with a profound lack of counter- money laundering standards. Over time, the nascent political order was compelled to build institutions and generate norms in light of the security principles promoted by foreign actors. However, Chile’s reluctance, for instance, to not create a financial intelligence unit (FIU) until 2003, put the country in a particular stance for assessing criminal proceedings. …
Police Bribery
The increasing salience of security concerns after democratization processes in the developing world has put scholars to explore the effects of police corruption as a key issue impeding the consolidation of the rule of law. Using data taken from surveys conducted in Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, this article contributes to such literature by questioning whether cases of police corruption have an effect on the trust in the political system. The resea…
State, Violence, and Security in Mexico
Paul Kenny, Mónica Serrano with Arturo Sotomayor, eds., Mexico's Security Failure, Collapse into Criminal Violence (New York: Routledge, 2012). Wil G. Pansters, ed., Violence, Coercion, and State-Making in Twentieth-Century Mexico (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012). George Philip and Susana Berruecos, eds., Mexico's Struggle for Public Security: Organized Crime and State Responses (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). Peter Watt and Robe…
Trust in the military in post-authoritarian societies
Why does the military remain one of the most trusted institutions despite, in some cases, their history of violence, corporate abuses and bloody interventions to overthrow the state and punish parts of society? This article analyses the interaction between individual factors and support for the armed forces in Argentina, Brazil and Chile to understand current forms of opinion and trust-shifts in post-authoritarian societies. It explores whether i…
Governance of Defense and Policymaking in C hile
As L atin A merican countries work toward leaving military regimes well behind, the current governing of defense in the hands of civilians unveils a series of challenges for democratically elected leaders. This article analyzes the case study of C hile's contemporary defense sector and its policymaking after three decades of evolving civil–military relations. The research focuses particularly on the E strategia N acional de S eguridad y D efensa …
Austerity and governance
Notions of network and polycentric governance highlight the possibility of innovation and adaptability in service delivery. At the same time, it has been argued that austerity and financial restrictions create intense pressures for public sector reform as public sector organizations look to new ways to deliver services. Hence the argument from governments in advanced democracies was that austerity would drive innovation. This article argues, thro…
Civil-military relations and human security in a post-dictatorship
This article explores current developments in Chile, where since the return to democracy in 1990, the elected authorities have reconfigured the nation’s military resources in favour of four action pillars: peacekeeping and international conflict management, landmine removal and gun disarmament, emergency and catastrophe response, and a concern for human, economic and social rights. Successive defence policies offer a valuable case study for explo…
Police Bribery
The increasing salience of security concerns after democratization processes in the developing world has put scholars to explore the effects of police corruption as a key issue impeding the consolidation of the rule of law. Using data taken from surveys conducted in Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, this article contributes to such literature by questioning whether cases of police corruption have an effect on the trust in the political system. The resea…
Military missions in democratic Latin America
Policy-makers in less advanced democracies are using the armed forces as an alternate tool for addressing unrelenting social problems caused by underdevelopment. In doing so, the military have covered the gaps left by other unavailable or non-existent public services. The defence needs in the global South are thus changing at great speed, with both elected authorities and the generals embracing human security policies. The many examples in Latin …
Militarism and Militarization in Latin America
This Special Issue explores Latin America’s recent wave of militarism across countries, the militarization of the rule of law, and its consequences on everyday life. It draws on the region’s recent history of giving militarized responses to seemingly intractable social, political, and economical problems. We argue that the presence of military values, beliefs, and mentalities have permeated processes in which nations absorb and aspire to military…
Decentralisation and central-local relations
Defence ministers and the politics of civil-military labour in Chile
Defence labour division is a complex process of policy-making where political and military interests collide, most especially, in recently democratised countries. Samuel Huntington’s theoretical concepts, described in his book The soldier and the state (1957) continue to influence the debate over the best approach to assure civilian control of the military, and the potential for civilian connivances with defence labour. This article reviews Hunti…
Reassessing Chilean international security
Non-State Security in Chile
When strolling through modern urban Chile, a common feature stands out: the vast presence of non-state security across retail, industrial, office, leisure, and residential areas. Private guards app
The inter-institutional governance of money laundering
Chile began its re-democratisation process in 1990 with a profound lack of counter- money laundering standards. Over time, the nascent political order was compelled to build institutions and generate norms in light of the security principles promoted by foreign actors. However, Chile’s reluctance, for instance, to not create a financial intelligence unit (FIU) until 2003, put the country in a particular stance for assessing criminal proceedings. …
State, Violence, and Security in Mexico
Paul Kenny, Mónica Serrano with Arturo Sotomayor, eds., Mexico's Security Failure, Collapse into Criminal Violence (New York: Routledge, 2012). Wil G. Pansters, ed., Violence, Coercion, and State-Making in Twentieth-Century Mexico (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012). George Philip and Susana Berruecos, eds., Mexico's Struggle for Public Security: Organized Crime and State Responses (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). Peter Watt and Robe…
Daniel M. Sabet
Living in the Crossfire
State, Violence, and Security in Mexico
Paul Kenny, Mónica Serrano with Arturo Sotomayor, eds., Mexico's Security Failure, Collapse into Criminal Violence (New York: Routledge, 2012). Wil G. Pansters, ed., Violence, Coercion, and State-Making in Twentieth-Century Mexico (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012). George Philip and Susana Berruecos, eds., Mexico's Struggle for Public Security: Organized Crime and State Responses (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). Peter Watt and Robe…
Governance of Defense and Policymaking in C hile
As L atin A merican countries work toward leaving military regimes well behind, the current governing of defense in the hands of civilians unveils a series of challenges for democratically elected leaders. This article analyzes the case study of C hile's contemporary defense sector and its policymaking after three decades of evolving civil–military relations. The research focuses particularly on the E strategia N acional de S eguridad y D efensa …
The inter-institutional governance of money laundering
Chile began its re-democratisation process in 1990 with a profound lack of counter- money laundering standards. Over time, the nascent political order was compelled to build institutions and generate norms in light of the security principles promoted by foreign actors. However, Chile’s reluctance, for instance, to not create a financial intelligence unit (FIU) until 2003, put the country in a particular stance for assessing criminal proceedings. …
Police Bribery
The increasing salience of security concerns after democratization processes in the developing world has put scholars to explore the effects of police corruption as a key issue impeding the consolidation of the rule of law. Using data taken from surveys conducted in Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, this article contributes to such literature by questioning whether cases of police corruption have an effect on the trust in the political system. The resea…
Military missions in democratic Latin America
Policy-makers in less advanced democracies are using the armed forces as an alternate tool for addressing unrelenting social problems caused by underdevelopment. In doing so, the military have covered the gaps left by other unavailable or non-existent public services. The defence needs in the global South are thus changing at great speed, with both elected authorities and the generals embracing human security policies. The many examples in Latin …
Reflections on memory and democracy
At a moment, as countries in Latin America seem desperate to provide a degree of hope for their growing middle classes, pausing to think about the role of the past in this frantic surge towards development appears rather unimportant. But the promises and dreams of a better future can be easily eclipsed by the breakdown of democracy, the usurpation of freedom, the corruption of authority and the violence and death caused by repressive and authorit…
Government and Governance of Security
At a time when Latin America is experiencing societal unrest from human rights violations, corruption and weak institutions Government and Governance of Security offers an insightful understanding for the modern steering of crime policies. Using Chile as a case study, the book delivers an untold account of the trade-offs between political, judicial and policing institutions put in practice to confront organised crime since the country’s redemocra…
Reassessing Chilean international security
Non-State Security in Chile
When strolling through modern urban Chile, a common feature stands out: the vast presence of non-state security across retail, industrial, office, leisure, and residential areas. Private guards app
Civil-Military Relations
How does civilian control affect military effectiveness? Can a balance be achieved between the two? In-country experts address these questions through a set of rich comparative case studies. Covering the spectrum from democracies to authoritarian regimes, they explore the nexus of control and effectiveness to reveal its importance for national security and the legitimacy of both political order and the military institution
Civil-military relations and human security in a post-dictatorship
This article explores current developments in Chile, where since the return to democracy in 1990, the elected authorities have reconfigured the nation’s military resources in favour of four action pillars: peacekeeping and international conflict management, landmine removal and gun disarmament, emergency and catastrophe response, and a concern for human, economic and social rights. Successive defence policies offer a valuable case study for explo…
Chile’s Peacekeeping and the Post-UN Intervention Scenario in Haiti
The defence and foreign policy communities in the Global South should learn from the lessons of security governance that followed the 13-year United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). To better inform the academic and policy debate, this article extrapolates ideas from the case study of Chile, one of the ‘big four’ Latin American peacekeeping providers in Haiti, along with Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The article examines Chile’…
Defence ministers and the politics of civil-military labour in Chile
Defence labour division is a complex process of policy-making where political and military interests collide, most especially, in recently democratised countries. Samuel Huntington’s theoretical concepts, described in his book The soldier and the state (1957) continue to influence the debate over the best approach to assure civilian control of the military, and the potential for civilian connivances with defence labour. This article reviews Hunti…
Decentralisation and central-local relations
Introducing Change in Public Service Organizations under Austerity
Introducing, managing, and sustaining change in public service organizations is challenging for policy makers to implement and for scholars to theorize. In 2010, the U.K. Government introduced policy changes to help bring down the national deficit. The executive's planned reforms aimed to deliver a so‐called battle‐winning military force, a smaller and more professional Ministry of Defence, and an affordable overall defence organization. The arti…
China’s weapons transfer in the Western hemisphere
What characterises China’s weapons diplomacy and how does it unfold in the current security scenario in the Western Hemisphere? This article argues that Chinese arms deliveries have arrived in the region together with the expansion of commerce and trade routes as evidenced in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. In Latin America and the Caribbean, states seek to buy weapons in light of contentious border hot spots and intrastate rampant violence. C…
Forced Disappearances and the Inequalities of a Global Crime
Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America
This book asks why crime and violence persist in Latin America at extreme levels and why the states have not been able to more effectively solve this problem that dominates the lives of many millions of Latin Americans. Informed by diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the book brings together a team of regional experts to discuss research-based explanations of some of Latin America's most pressing criminal and violent issues distressing the rule of …
Thinking beyond averages
The study of military spending has been an enduring concern within military sociology and political science. Methodologically, one of the biggest challenges lay in dealing with its heavy-tailed distribution influenced by the growing separation between China and the United States from the rest of the world. In the presence of outliers along the continuum of military expenditure, we should be paying more attention to portions of the distribution th…
Austerity and governance
Notions of network and polycentric governance highlight the possibility of innovation and adaptability in service delivery. At the same time, it has been argued that austerity and financial restrictions create intense pressures for public sector reform as public sector organizations look to new ways to deliver services. Hence the argument from governments in advanced democracies was that austerity would drive innovation. This article argues, thro…
Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America
Trust in the military in post-authoritarian societies
Why does the military remain one of the most trusted institutions despite, in some cases, their history of violence, corporate abuses and bloody interventions to overthrow the state and punish parts of society? This article analyses the interaction between individual factors and support for the armed forces in Argentina, Brazil and Chile to understand current forms of opinion and trust-shifts in post-authoritarian societies. It explores whether i…
Exploring the multilevel nature of police confidence in Brazil
This article proposes multilevel modelling to account for individuals’ contexts when predicting police confidence. It uses the case study of Brazil considering 107 cities from 25 states to assess four evidence and literature-based predictors impacting police confidence measures in the country. The article found that being a crime victim, experiencing police corruption and having low interpersonal trust were negatively and significantly associated…
Political science (24 works) · Law (23 works) · Politics (20 works) · Law (19 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Economics (12 works) · Political economy (11 works) · Corporate governance (10 works) · Public Administration (10 works) · Public Administration (9 works)