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Zuzana Murdoch

Biographic Data

ID349803
NAMEZuzana Murdoch
GIVEN NAMESZuzana
FAMILY NAMEMurdoch
SIGNATUREMURDOCH Z
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Bergen
ORCID0000-0001-5866-9012
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS28
TOTAL CITATIONS185
WORKS AS AUTHOR28
WORKS AS EDITOR0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2008
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX9
  • Civil Servants and Democratic Backsliding

    Open Access•Mads Pieter Van Luttervelt, Mathias Rask Østergaard-Nielsen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Public Administration…•2026

    Political efforts to weaken democratic institutions place civil servants in a dilemma between political responsiveness and protecting democratic values. As civil servants are embedded in the political-administrative hierarchy, we argue that signals from their direct hierarchical superiors are critical to understand how civil servants address this dilemma. Using a randomized survey experiment among Norwegian national-level civil servants (N = 1,44…

  • Time tactics in public administration

    Open Access•Vibeke Kroken, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•West European Politics•2025•Cited by: 1•References: 72

  • I'm a Survivor

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•American Political Science Review•2025•Cited by: 2

    This article challenges the common assumption that the partisan identification of bureaucratic elites is fixed over time. Building on principal-agent and organization theory, we hypothesize that bureaucratic elites may respond to political turnover by adjusting their partisan identification toward that of their (new) elected principals. We test this prediction using data from the American State Administrators Project (ASAP) over the 1964-2008 per…

  • Intraorganizational mobility and employees’ work-related contact patterns

    Open Access•Francesca Pia Vantaggiato, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Public Administration…•2024•References: 31

    Programs to encourage staff to move within public-sector organizations have become increasingly widespread in recent decades. Yet, although there are some anecdotal accounts, the effects of such intraorganizational mobility remain largely unexplored. Building on insights from organization theory and social psychology, we argue that intraorganizational mobility entails an important trade-off: it undermines movers’ depth of work-related contacts wi…

  • Public Employees as Elected Politicians

    Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 39

    In many countries, public sector employees are eligible to hold political offices during their employment as civil servants. This often triggers conflict-of-interest concerns that elected public employees might sway policies to their professional benefit. In this article, we build on representation scholarship in political science and public administration to assess such substantive effects of public employees' political representation using deta…

  • Staff reallocations and employee attitudes towards organizational aims

    Benny Geys, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Public Management Review•2023

    Organizational reforms often involve substantial staff reallocations, creating both winners and losers within the same organization. We argue that allocating less (more) staff to a department signals a decrease (increase) in organizational support towards that department and its employees. We hypothesize that staff members respond to this signal by adjusting their support for key organizational aims and their plans to stay in the organization. We…

  • Organizational stability and resocialization in public administrations

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    The organizational theory approach to public administration emphasizes that organizational features of public bureaucracies shape civil servants' role perceptions and opinions. This study brings forward a novel refinement of this theoretical framework by arguing that such processes of organizational resocialization require intertemporal consistency of the organizational environment. We empirically test this proposition by combining individual‐lev…

  • The impact of terrorism on civil servants

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2023•References: 64

    Building on a growing literature assessing the societal impact of terrorism, this article analyzes whether and how a terror attack targeting public institutions affects civil servants in their day‐to‐day work. This is an important question to enhance our understanding of how terrorism can (or cannot) affect the operation of core government functions. Theoretically, the study contributes to a broader account of the political consequences of terror…

  • It's about time! Temporal dynamics and longitudinal research designs in public administration

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Muiris Maccárthaigh et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2023•References: 94

    Many of the fundamental research questions in public administration relate to individual‐ or organization‐level temporal dynamics, including the impact of public sector reforms, (in)stability of public policies and organizations, development of public service motivation, or the workplace socialization of public employees. However, theoretical, methodological, and empirical public administration scholarship continues to take time and temporal dyna…

  • Making Sense of Stigmatized Organizations

    Open Access•Gunhild Kvåle, Gro Kvåle et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Business Ethics•2022

    How do social audiences negotiate and handle stigmatized organizations? What role do their heterogenous values, norms and power play in this process? Addressing these questions is important from a business ethics perspective to improve our understanding of the ethical standards against which organizations are judged as well as the involved prosecutorial incentives. Moreover, it illuminates ethical concerns about when and how (the exploitation of)…

  • International public administration on the tip of the tongue

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Magali Gravier et al.•ARTICLE•International Review of…•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 36

    Recent scholarship shows increasing interest in gender, ethnic or national representation within regional and international organizations. In contrast, language as a criterion of representation has rarely been scrutinized. We argue that this constitutes an important oversight for two reasons: (1) language is an important identity marker; and (2) language regimes in international public administrations can uniquely address representativeness relat…

  • Political (Over)Representation of Public Sector Employees and the Double-Motive Hypothesis

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Public Administration…•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 50

    Countries have widely diverging regulations regarding the eligibility of public sector employees for political office, and the stringency of such regulations remains fiercely debated. Building on a demand and supply model of political selection, this article contributes to such debates by studying whether and how the incentives of public employees as both consumers and producers of public services (their “double motive”) affects their descriptive…

  • Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Governance•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 55

    The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil serv…

  • Follow the Leader? Leader Succession and Staff Attitudes in Public Sector Organizations

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2020•Cited by: 6•References: 23

    Public sector organizations face regular turnover in top leadership positions. Yet little is known about how such changes affect staff attitudes. The authors argue that top leader succession may influence staff attitudes, particularly when new leaders are “outsiders” and/or subordinates interact regularly with their leaders. Using a unique two‐wave survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, this analysis tests these proposi…

  • Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, H Kassim et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2019•Cited by: 14•References: 52

    A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approa…

  • Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union

    Zuzana Murdoch, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of European Public Policy•2018•Cited by: 23•References: 45

    This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the …

  • How pre‐ and postrecruitment factors shape role perceptions of European Commission officials

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Governance•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 29

    Individuals' role perceptions are central guides to their behavior and choices as members of an organization. Understanding organizational dynamics thus requires knowledge about the determinants of such role perceptions, as well as whether—and when—organizations can influence them. This article brings forward a theoretical framework allowing for both prerecruitment ( extra organizational) and post‐recruitment ( intra organizational) determinants …

  • Lobbying cycles in Brussels

    Open Access•Michelle Hollman, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•European Union Politics•2018•Cited by: 4•References: 46

    The Council presidency holds direct responsibility for the Council’s functioning and moves between EU member states via a six-month rotation scheme. We argue that this rotating Council presidency causes a lobbying cycle among interest groups at the European level, whereby national interest groups from the country holding the presidency temporarily become active at the European level. Using a unique dataset including almost 16,500 registrations of…

  • Identity, threat aversion, and civil servants' policy preferences

    Open Access•Colin R Kuehnhan, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2017•Cited by: 12•References: 23

    Distinct policy options are typically characterized by a number of advantages (or ‘opportunities’) and disadvantages (or ‘threats’). The preference for one option over another depends on how individuals within an organization perceive these opportunities and threats. In this article, we argue that individuals' identification with an organization's core aims and objectives constitutes a key determinant of this perception. We propose that stronger …

  • Representative Bureaucracy and the Role of Expertise in Politics

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Politics and Governance•2015•Cited by: 7•References: 37

    The vast majority of existing studies on bureaucratic representation focus on bureaucracies’ permanent and internal staff. Yet, the rising sophistication of modern democracies and the technocratization of political life are gradually inducing an increased reliance on external experts to assist in the development and implementation of policy decisions. This trend, we argue, raises the need to extend studies of bureaucratic representation to such e…

  • Representative bureaucracy and seconded national government officials in the E uropean C ommission

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal et al.•ARTICLE•Regulation & Governance•2015•Cited by: 14•References: 40

    The bureaucratic arms of modern international organizations increasingly consist of staff with ambiguous organizational affiliations. This article analyses the implications of this trend from the perspective of representative bureaucracy – using seconded national experts ( SNEs ) in the E uropean C ommission ( C ommission) as the empirical laboratory. Using a variety of datasets, we unveil C ommission SNE s' profiles (to assess their passive repr…

  • On T rojan H orses and revolving doors

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2014•Cited by: 8•References: 51

    National officials working in international bureaucracies regularly invoke the fear that member states strategically use such officials for influencing decision making and agenda‐setting to their advantage. This article theoretically analyses conditions under which the autonomy of national civil servants in international bureaucracies might become compromised. The ensuing predictions are then tested using a unique survey among seconded national e…

  • Building Foreign Affairs Capacity in the Eu

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2013•Cited by: 6•References: 14

    The Treaty of Lisbon introduced common action capacities in the EU's external relations administration, notably the European External Action Service (EEAS). One essential capacity is staff resources. This article analyses to what extent and under what conditions the practice of staff recruitment to the EEAS is independent of government influence, and in particular the recruitment of officials temporarily assigned from EU member states. The data d…

  • Contracted Government

    Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal•ARTICLE•West European Politics•2013•Cited by: 20•References: 10

    Over the past two decades, reliance on short-term contracted staff has increased in government institutions across the Western world. This tendency towards 'contracted government' may be strengthened during periods of economic and financial stress. This article therefore poses the following questions: First, does 'contracted government' lead to civil servants less loyal and attentive to the concerns of 'their' government institutions? Secondly, a…

  • Instrumental calculation, cognitive role-playing, or both? Self-perceptions of seconded national experts in the European Commission

    Zuzana Murdoch, Benny Geys•ARTICLE•Journal of European Public Policy•2012•Cited by: 9•References: 37

    Most work studying micro-processes of integration – i.e., how agents develop identities and decision-making behaviours within a particular institution – offers explanations based on either instrumental rationality or socialization. This article proposes a two-dimensional framework that allows analysing under which conditions both logics of social action co-exist. Our empirical analysis employs a unique dataset from a 2011 survey of all 1,098 curr…

Next
  • Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union

    Zuzana Murdoch, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of European Public Policy•2018•Cited by: 23•References: 45

    This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the …

  • Contracted Government

    Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal•ARTICLE•West European Politics•2013•Cited by: 20•References: 10

    Over the past two decades, reliance on short-term contracted staff has increased in government institutions across the Western world. This tendency towards 'contracted government' may be strengthened during periods of economic and financial stress. This article therefore poses the following questions: First, does 'contracted government' lead to civil servants less loyal and attentive to the concerns of 'their' government institutions? Secondly, a…

  • How to make head or tail of 'bridging' and 'bonding

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•British Journal of Sociology•2008•Cited by: 15•References: 45

    A distinction has recently been proposed between bridging (or encompassing) and bonding (or inward-looking) social networks. However, existing theoretical contributions remain vague as to the fundamental meaning of both concepts. As a consequence, two distinct interpretations have developed alongside each other. In the present paper, we employ data on voluntary association membership in Flanders to empirically illustrate that both approaches can …

  • Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, H Kassim et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2019•Cited by: 14•References: 52

    A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approa…

  • Representative bureaucracy and seconded national government officials in the E uropean C ommission

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal et al.•ARTICLE•Regulation & Governance•2015•Cited by: 14•References: 40

    The bureaucratic arms of modern international organizations increasingly consist of staff with ambiguous organizational affiliations. This article analyses the implications of this trend from the perspective of representative bureaucracy – using seconded national experts ( SNEs ) in the E uropean C ommission ( C ommission) as the empirical laboratory. Using a variety of datasets, we unveil C ommission SNE s' profiles (to assess their passive repr…

  • Identity, threat aversion, and civil servants' policy preferences

    Open Access•Colin R Kuehnhan, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2017•Cited by: 12•References: 23

    Distinct policy options are typically characterized by a number of advantages (or ‘opportunities’) and disadvantages (or ‘threats’). The preference for one option over another depends on how individuals within an organization perceive these opportunities and threats. In this article, we argue that individuals' identification with an organization's core aims and objectives constitutes a key determinant of this perception. We propose that stronger …

  • Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Governance•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 55

    The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil serv…

  • Negotiating the European External Action Service (Eeas)

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•JCMS Journal of Common Market…•2012•Cited by: 11•References: 34

    Analyses of the rising capacity for co‐ordination within the Secretariats‐General of the European Commission and Council have concentrated on their effects within these respective institutions. This article, in contrast, argues that the presence/absence of co‐ordination capacities developed within an institution may have an important bearing also on the relations between institutions (for example, in inter‐institutional negotiations). The empiric…

  • Instrumental calculation, cognitive role-playing, or both? Self-perceptions of seconded national experts in the European Commission

    Zuzana Murdoch, Benny Geys•ARTICLE•Journal of European Public Policy•2012•Cited by: 9•References: 37

    Most work studying micro-processes of integration – i.e., how agents develop identities and decision-making behaviours within a particular institution – offers explanations based on either instrumental rationality or socialization. This article proposes a two-dimensional framework that allows analysing under which conditions both logics of social action co-exist. Our empirical analysis employs a unique dataset from a 2011 survey of all 1,098 curr…

  • On T rojan H orses and revolving doors

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2014•Cited by: 8•References: 51

    National officials working in international bureaucracies regularly invoke the fear that member states strategically use such officials for influencing decision making and agenda‐setting to their advantage. This article theoretically analyses conditions under which the autonomy of national civil servants in international bureaucracies might become compromised. The ensuing predictions are then tested using a unique survey among seconded national e…

  • Representative Bureaucracy and the Role of Expertise in Politics

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Politics and Governance•2015•Cited by: 7•References: 37

    The vast majority of existing studies on bureaucratic representation focus on bureaucracies’ permanent and internal staff. Yet, the rising sophistication of modern democracies and the technocratization of political life are gradually inducing an increased reliance on external experts to assist in the development and implementation of policy decisions. This trend, we argue, raises the need to extend studies of bureaucratic representation to such e…

  • Measuring the 'Bridging' versus 'Bonding' Nature of Social Networks

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•Sociology•2010•Cited by: 7•References: 21

    Recent research illustrates that two distinct interpretations and operationalizations of 'bridging' and 'bonding' social networks co-exist in the literature (based on links between diverse networks or between socio-economic groups within a given network, respectively), and that these do not coincide in empirical applications. The present contribution first confirms this conclusion using data from the United Kingdom. Then, we suggest a simple way …

  • Follow the Leader? Leader Succession and Staff Attitudes in Public Sector Organizations

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2020•Cited by: 6•References: 23

    Public sector organizations face regular turnover in top leadership positions. Yet little is known about how such changes affect staff attitudes. The authors argue that top leader succession may influence staff attitudes, particularly when new leaders are “outsiders” and/or subordinates interact regularly with their leaders. Using a unique two‐wave survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, this analysis tests these proposi…

  • How pre‐ and postrecruitment factors shape role perceptions of European Commission officials

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Governance•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 29

    Individuals' role perceptions are central guides to their behavior and choices as members of an organization. Understanding organizational dynamics thus requires knowledge about the determinants of such role perceptions, as well as whether—and when—organizations can influence them. This article brings forward a theoretical framework allowing for both prerecruitment ( extra organizational) and post‐recruitment ( intra organizational) determinants …

  • Building Foreign Affairs Capacity in the Eu

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2013•Cited by: 6•References: 14

    The Treaty of Lisbon introduced common action capacities in the EU's external relations administration, notably the European External Action Service (EEAS). One essential capacity is staff resources. This article analyses to what extent and under what conditions the practice of staff recruitment to the EEAS is independent of government influence, and in particular the recruitment of officials temporarily assigned from EU member states. The data d…

  • Political (Over)Representation of Public Sector Employees and the Double-Motive Hypothesis

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Public Administration…•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 50

    Countries have widely diverging regulations regarding the eligibility of public sector employees for political office, and the stringency of such regulations remains fiercely debated. Building on a demand and supply model of political selection, this article contributes to such debates by studying whether and how the incentives of public employees as both consumers and producers of public services (their “double motive”) affects their descriptive…

  • Lobbying cycles in Brussels

    Open Access•Michelle Hollman, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•European Union Politics•2018•Cited by: 4•References: 46

    The Council presidency holds direct responsibility for the Council’s functioning and moves between EU member states via a six-month rotation scheme. We argue that this rotating Council presidency causes a lobbying cycle among interest groups at the European level, whereby national interest groups from the country holding the presidency temporarily become active at the European level. Using a unique dataset including almost 16,500 registrations of…

  • I'm a Survivor

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•American Political Science Review•2025•Cited by: 2

    This article challenges the common assumption that the partisan identification of bureaucratic elites is fixed over time. Building on principal-agent and organization theory, we hypothesize that bureaucratic elites may respond to political turnover by adjusting their partisan identification toward that of their (new) elected principals. We test this prediction using data from the American State Administrators Project (ASAP) over the 1964-2008 per…

  • International public administration on the tip of the tongue

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Magali Gravier et al.•ARTICLE•International Review of…•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 36

    Recent scholarship shows increasing interest in gender, ethnic or national representation within regional and international organizations. In contrast, language as a criterion of representation has rarely been scrutinized. We argue that this constitutes an important oversight for two reasons: (1) language is an important identity marker; and (2) language regimes in international public administrations can uniquely address representativeness relat…

  • Time tactics in public administration

    Open Access•Vibeke Kroken, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•West European Politics•2025•Cited by: 1•References: 72

  • Public Employees as Elected Politicians

    Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 39

    In many countries, public sector employees are eligible to hold political offices during their employment as civil servants. This often triggers conflict-of-interest concerns that elected public employees might sway policies to their professional benefit. In this article, we build on representation scholarship in political science and public administration to assess such substantive effects of public employees' political representation using deta…

  • Organizational stability and resocialization in public administrations

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    The organizational theory approach to public administration emphasizes that organizational features of public bureaucracies shape civil servants' role perceptions and opinions. This study brings forward a novel refinement of this theoretical framework by arguing that such processes of organizational resocialization require intertemporal consistency of the organizational environment. We empirically test this proposition by combining individual‐lev…

  • How to make head or tail of 'bridging' and 'bonding

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•British Journal of Sociology•2008•Cited by: 15•References: 45

    A distinction has recently been proposed between bridging (or encompassing) and bonding (or inward-looking) social networks. However, existing theoretical contributions remain vague as to the fundamental meaning of both concepts. As a consequence, two distinct interpretations have developed alongside each other. In the present paper, we employ data on voluntary association membership in Flanders to empirically illustrate that both approaches can …

  • Measuring the 'Bridging' versus 'Bonding' Nature of Social Networks

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•Sociology•2010•Cited by: 7•References: 21

    Recent research illustrates that two distinct interpretations and operationalizations of 'bridging' and 'bonding' social networks co-exist in the literature (based on links between diverse networks or between socio-economic groups within a given network, respectively), and that these do not coincide in empirical applications. The present contribution first confirms this conclusion using data from the United Kingdom. Then, we suggest a simple way …

  • Instrumental calculation, cognitive role-playing, or both? Self-perceptions of seconded national experts in the European Commission

    Zuzana Murdoch, Benny Geys•ARTICLE•Journal of European Public Policy•2012•Cited by: 9•References: 37

    Most work studying micro-processes of integration – i.e., how agents develop identities and decision-making behaviours within a particular institution – offers explanations based on either instrumental rationality or socialization. This article proposes a two-dimensional framework that allows analysing under which conditions both logics of social action co-exist. Our empirical analysis employs a unique dataset from a 2011 survey of all 1,098 curr…

  • Negotiating the European External Action Service (Eeas)

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•JCMS Journal of Common Market…•2012•Cited by: 11•References: 34

    Analyses of the rising capacity for co‐ordination within the Secretariats‐General of the European Commission and Council have concentrated on their effects within these respective institutions. This article, in contrast, argues that the presence/absence of co‐ordination capacities developed within an institution may have an important bearing also on the relations between institutions (for example, in inter‐institutional negotiations). The empiric…

  • Building Foreign Affairs Capacity in the Eu

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2013•Cited by: 6•References: 14

    The Treaty of Lisbon introduced common action capacities in the EU's external relations administration, notably the European External Action Service (EEAS). One essential capacity is staff resources. This article analyses to what extent and under what conditions the practice of staff recruitment to the EEAS is independent of government influence, and in particular the recruitment of officials temporarily assigned from EU member states. The data d…

  • Contracted Government

    Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal•ARTICLE•West European Politics•2013•Cited by: 20•References: 10

    Over the past two decades, reliance on short-term contracted staff has increased in government institutions across the Western world. This tendency towards 'contracted government' may be strengthened during periods of economic and financial stress. This article therefore poses the following questions: First, does 'contracted government' lead to civil servants less loyal and attentive to the concerns of 'their' government institutions? Secondly, a…

  • On T rojan H orses and revolving doors

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of Political…•2014•Cited by: 8•References: 51

    National officials working in international bureaucracies regularly invoke the fear that member states strategically use such officials for influencing decision making and agenda‐setting to their advantage. This article theoretically analyses conditions under which the autonomy of national civil servants in international bureaucracies might become compromised. The ensuing predictions are then tested using a unique survey among seconded national e…

  • Representative Bureaucracy and the Role of Expertise in Politics

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Politics and Governance•2015•Cited by: 7•References: 37

    The vast majority of existing studies on bureaucratic representation focus on bureaucracies’ permanent and internal staff. Yet, the rising sophistication of modern democracies and the technocratization of political life are gradually inducing an increased reliance on external experts to assist in the development and implementation of policy decisions. This trend, we argue, raises the need to extend studies of bureaucratic representation to such e…

  • Representative bureaucracy and seconded national government officials in the E uropean C ommission

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Jarle Trondal et al.•ARTICLE•Regulation & Governance•2015•Cited by: 14•References: 40

    The bureaucratic arms of modern international organizations increasingly consist of staff with ambiguous organizational affiliations. This article analyses the implications of this trend from the perspective of representative bureaucracy – using seconded national experts ( SNEs ) in the E uropean C ommission ( C ommission) as the empirical laboratory. Using a variety of datasets, we unveil C ommission SNE s' profiles (to assess their passive repr…

  • Identity, threat aversion, and civil servants' policy preferences

    Open Access•Colin R Kuehnhan, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2017•Cited by: 12•References: 23

    Distinct policy options are typically characterized by a number of advantages (or ‘opportunities’) and disadvantages (or ‘threats’). The preference for one option over another depends on how individuals within an organization perceive these opportunities and threats. In this article, we argue that individuals' identification with an organization's core aims and objectives constitutes a key determinant of this perception. We propose that stronger …

  • Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union

    Zuzana Murdoch, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of European Public Policy•2018•Cited by: 23•References: 45

    This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the …

  • How pre‐ and postrecruitment factors shape role perceptions of European Commission officials

    Open Access•Jarle Trondal, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Governance•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 29

    Individuals' role perceptions are central guides to their behavior and choices as members of an organization. Understanding organizational dynamics thus requires knowledge about the determinants of such role perceptions, as well as whether—and when—organizations can influence them. This article brings forward a theoretical framework allowing for both prerecruitment ( extra organizational) and post‐recruitment ( intra organizational) determinants …

  • Lobbying cycles in Brussels

    Open Access•Michelle Hollman, Zuzana Murdoch•ARTICLE•European Union Politics•2018•Cited by: 4•References: 46

    The Council presidency holds direct responsibility for the Council’s functioning and moves between EU member states via a six-month rotation scheme. We argue that this rotating Council presidency causes a lobbying cycle among interest groups at the European level, whereby national interest groups from the country holding the presidency temporarily become active at the European level. Using a unique dataset including almost 16,500 registrations of…

  • Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, H Kassim et al.•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2019•Cited by: 14•References: 52

    A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approa…

  • Follow the Leader? Leader Succession and Staff Attitudes in Public Sector Organizations

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2020•Cited by: 6•References: 23

    Public sector organizations face regular turnover in top leadership positions. Yet little is known about how such changes affect staff attitudes. The authors argue that top leader succession may influence staff attitudes, particularly when new leaders are “outsiders” and/or subordinates interact regularly with their leaders. Using a unique two‐wave survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, this analysis tests these proposi…

  • Making Sense of Stigmatized Organizations

    Open Access•Gunhild Kvåle, Gro Kvåle et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Business Ethics•2022

    How do social audiences negotiate and handle stigmatized organizations? What role do their heterogenous values, norms and power play in this process? Addressing these questions is important from a business ethics perspective to improve our understanding of the ethical standards against which organizations are judged as well as the involved prosecutorial incentives. Moreover, it illuminates ethical concerns about when and how (the exploitation of)…

  • International public administration on the tip of the tongue

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Magali Gravier et al.•ARTICLE•International Review of…•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 36

    Recent scholarship shows increasing interest in gender, ethnic or national representation within regional and international organizations. In contrast, language as a criterion of representation has rarely been scrutinized. We argue that this constitutes an important oversight for two reasons: (1) language is an important identity marker; and (2) language regimes in international public administrations can uniquely address representativeness relat…

  • Political (Over)Representation of Public Sector Employees and the Double-Motive Hypothesis

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Public Administration…•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 50

    Countries have widely diverging regulations regarding the eligibility of public sector employees for political office, and the stringency of such regulations remains fiercely debated. Building on a demand and supply model of political selection, this article contributes to such debates by studying whether and how the incentives of public employees as both consumers and producers of public services (their “double motive”) affects their descriptive…

  • Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Governance•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 55

    The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil serv…

  • Staff reallocations and employee attitudes towards organizational aims

    Benny Geys, Sara Connolly et al.•ARTICLE•Public Management Review•2023

    Organizational reforms often involve substantial staff reallocations, creating both winners and losers within the same organization. We argue that allocating less (more) staff to a department signals a decrease (increase) in organizational support towards that department and its employees. We hypothesize that staff members respond to this signal by adjusting their support for key organizational aims and their plans to stay in the organization. We…

  • Organizational stability and resocialization in public administrations

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    The organizational theory approach to public administration emphasizes that organizational features of public bureaucracies shape civil servants' role perceptions and opinions. This study brings forward a novel refinement of this theoretical framework by arguing that such processes of organizational resocialization require intertemporal consistency of the organizational environment. We empirically test this proposition by combining individual‐lev…

  • The impact of terrorism on civil servants

    Open Access•Benny Geys, Per Lægreid et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2023•References: 64

    Building on a growing literature assessing the societal impact of terrorism, this article analyzes whether and how a terror attack targeting public institutions affects civil servants in their day‐to‐day work. This is an important question to enhance our understanding of how terrorism can (or cannot) affect the operation of core government functions. Theoretically, the study contributes to a broader account of the political consequences of terror…

  • It's about time! Temporal dynamics and longitudinal research designs in public administration

    Open Access•Zuzana Murdoch, Muiris Maccárthaigh et al.•ARTICLE•Public Administration Review•2023•References: 94

    Many of the fundamental research questions in public administration relate to individual‐ or organization‐level temporal dynamics, including the impact of public sector reforms, (in)stability of public policies and organizations, development of public service motivation, or the workplace socialization of public employees. However, theoretical, methodological, and empirical public administration scholarship continues to take time and temporal dyna…

  • Intraorganizational mobility and employees’ work-related contact patterns

    Open Access•Francesca Pia Vantaggiato, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Public Administration…•2024•References: 31

    Programs to encourage staff to move within public-sector organizations have become increasingly widespread in recent decades. Yet, although there are some anecdotal accounts, the effects of such intraorganizational mobility remain largely unexplored. Building on insights from organization theory and social psychology, we argue that intraorganizational mobility entails an important trade-off: it undermines movers’ depth of work-related contacts wi…

  • Public Employees as Elected Politicians

    Benny Geys, Zuzana Murdoch et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Politics•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 39

    In many countries, public sector employees are eligible to hold political offices during their employment as civil servants. This often triggers conflict-of-interest concerns that elected public employees might sway policies to their professional benefit. In this article, we build on representation scholarship in political science and public administration to assess such substantive effects of public employees' political representation using deta…

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