Sara Konrath
Biographic Data
| ID | 352344 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sara Konrath |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sara |
| FAMILY NAME | Konrath |
| SIGNATURE | KONRATH S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9182-0095 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 231 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Voting Behavior and Mortality Risk in Older Adults: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
These findings support voting as a potential social determinant of health. Voting is often promoted as a public health initiative enhancing community health, and it may also be associated with better health outcomes for voters. The results inform public health policy initiatives promoting voter participation, particularly among aging populations
Development and validation of the Tech With Care Index for teens
Empathy Trends in American Youth Between 1979 and 2018: An Update
Previous research has found declining dispositional empathy among American youth from 1979 to 2009. We update these trends until 2018, using three datasets. Study 1 presents a cross-temporal meta-analysis of undergraduates’ empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), finding significant cubic trends over time: perspective taking (PT) and empathic concern (EC) both increased since 2009. Study 2 conceptually replicated these findings using nationally…
Prosocial Behaviors During Adolescence Predict Economic Outcomes in Young Adulthood
This study examines whether volunteering and charitable giving behaviors during adolescence (ages 12–17) are associated with later economically productive activity (employment, college enrollment, financial independence, income) in young adulthood (ages 18–25). Leveraging the strengths of longitudinal data from the nationally representative American Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and three supplement modules, this study addresses important…
Cultural moderation of demographic differences in narcissism
Seven Empathy Myths: Correcting Misconceptions About a Complex Construct
The term empathy has become a buzzword in recent decades, and the concept has received both scholarly attention and has also been the focus of public interest, professional trainings, and policy initiatives. However, misconceptions about its nature persist. Our aim is to rectify these misunderstandings by highlighting claims about empathy that have been empirically refuted. We address seven myths about empathy: #1 People mean the same thing when …
Random app of kindness: Evaluating the potential of a smartphone intervention to impact adolescents’ empathy, prosocial behavior, and aggression
Development and Validation of the Single-Item Mindfulness Scale (Sims)
Mindfulness is a focused attention to and acceptance of present experiences. Although several reliable and valid multi-item measures of trait mindfulness exist, researchers may sometimes want a short and quick measure of mindfulness. In this project, we developed and validated the Single-Item Mindfulness Scale (SIMS) to assess trait mindfulness. We conducted eight studies involving 3,125 adult and adolescent participants. The studies consisted of…
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between economic inequality and prosocial behaviour
Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants
Version IV, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire-Short Form, Single-Item Narcissism Scale, and brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory). The findings of Study 1 (N = 5,736) revealed heterogeneity in how strongly the measures are correlated. Some instruments loaded clearly on one of the three factors proposed by previous research (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Antagonism), while others cross-loaded across factors and…
Empathy, narcissism, alexithymia, and social media use
How cognitive and emotional empathy relate to rational thinking: Empirical evidence and meta-analysis
Empathy is frequently described in opposition to rationality. Yet in two studies, we demonstrate that the relationship between rationality and empathy is nuanced and likely context dependent. Study 1 reports correlational data from two American samples and Study 2 presents a meta-analysis of existing literature (k = 22). We demonstrate that various types of cognitive empathy (perspective-taking, emotion recognition, and fantasy) are positively co…
How induced self-focus versus other-focus affect emotional recognition and verbalization
Can too much similarity between donors crowd out charitable donations? an experimental investigation of the role of similarity in social influence on giving behavior
The relationship among different types of arts engagement, empathy, and prosocial behavior
The closer you feel, the more you care: Positive associations between closeness, pain intensity rating, empathic concern and personal distress to someone in pain
Longitudinal Changes in Empathy Across the Life Span in Six Samples of Human Development
The development of empathy is a hotly debated topic. Some studies find declines and others an inverse U-shaped pattern in empathy across the life span. Yet other studies find no age-related changes. Most of this research is cross sectional, and the few longitudinal studies have their limitations. The current study addresses these limitations by examining changes in empathy in six longitudinal samples (total N = 740, age 13–72). In a preliminary s…
The Effects of Similarity on Charitable Giving in Donor–Donor Dyads: A Systematic Literature Review
Giving circles and alumni campaigns are popular forms of nonprofit fund-raising practice that may lead to positive peer effects that promote charitable giving among similar individuals. However, do individuals always give more in the presence of similar others? Most research finds a positive social influence among similar individuals in donor–solicitor and donor–recipient dyads. However, in donor–donor dyads, the effects of social influence on ch…
A Century of Nonprofit Studies: Scaling the Knowledge of the Field
This empirical study examines knowledge production between 1925 and 2015 in nonprofit and philanthropic studies from quantitative and thematic perspectives. Quantitative results suggest that scholars in this field have been actively generating a considerable amount of literature and a solid intellectual base for developing this field toward a new discipline. Thematic analyses suggest that knowledge production in this field is also growing in cohe…
Development and validation of the single item trait empathy scale (Sites)
Geographic variation in empathy: A state-level analysis
Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries
Cultural practices socialize people to relate to others in different ways. One critical way in which these interpersonal bonds are formed and maintained is via empathy, our emotional reactivity toward others' experiences. However, the extent to which individuals from different cultures vary in their dispositional empathy, and the correlates of these differences, are relatively unknown. Thus, the current study explored cultural variation in empath…
Political orientation moderates worldview defense in response to Osama bin Laden’s death
The current study examines Americans' psychological responses to Osama bin Laden's death. We tracked changes in how different participants responded to dissimilar others from the night of bin Laden's death for five weeks. Liberal participants reported lower worldview defense (i.e., a defensive reaction to uphold one's cultural worldview) immediately after bin Laden's death but then returned to similar levels as their conservative counterparts ove…
Volunteering is prospectively associated with health care use among older adults
Religious and Secular Coping Strategies and Mortality Risk among Older Adults
Global warming" or "climate change: Whether the planet is warming depends on question wording
In public discourse and survey research, global climate change is sometimes referred to as “global warming” and sometimes as “climate change.” An analysis of web sites of conservative and liberal think tanks suggests that conservatives prefer to use the term “global warming” whereas liberals prefer “climate change.” A question wording experiment (N = 2267) illustrates the power of these frames: Republicans were less likely to endorse that the phe…
A Century of Nonprofit Studies: Scaling the Knowledge of the Field
This empirical study examines knowledge production between 1925 and 2015 in nonprofit and philanthropic studies from quantitative and thematic perspectives. Quantitative results suggest that scholars in this field have been actively generating a considerable amount of literature and a solid intellectual base for developing this field toward a new discipline. Thematic analyses suggest that knowledge production in this field is also growing in cohe…
Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking: Linear and Quadratic Effects of Age Across the Adult Life Span
We discuss the inverse-U-shaped age pattern, in terms of aging versus cohort influences, and how it complements and extends the existing literature on empathy and age
Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries
Cultural practices socialize people to relate to others in different ways. One critical way in which these interpersonal bonds are formed and maintained is via empathy, our emotional reactivity toward others' experiences. However, the extent to which individuals from different cultures vary in their dispositional empathy, and the correlates of these differences, are relatively unknown. Thus, the current study explored cultural variation in empath…
Volunteering is prospectively associated with health care use among older adults
Health Outcomes and Volunteering: The Moderating Role of Religiosity
Religious and Secular Coping Strategies and Mortality Risk among Older Adults
Parenting and Beyond: Common Neurocircuits Underlying Parental and Altruistic Caregiving
SYNOPSIS Interpersonal relationships constitute the foundation on which human society is based. The infant–caregiver bond is the earliest and most influential of these relationships. Driven by evolutionary pressure for survival, parents feel compelled to provide care to their biological offspring. However, compassion for non-kin is also ubiquitous in human societies, motivating individuals to suppress their own self-interests to promote the well-…
Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants
Version IV, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire-Short Form, Single-Item Narcissism Scale, and brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory). The findings of Study 1 (N = 5,736) revealed heterogeneity in how strongly the measures are correlated. Some instruments loaded clearly on one of the three factors proposed by previous research (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Antagonism), while others cross-loaded across factors and…
Development and validation of the single item trait empathy scale (Sites)
Geographic variation in empathy: A state-level analysis
Cultural Differences in Face-ism: Male Politicians Have Bigger Heads in More Gender-Equal Cultures
Women are visually depicted with lower facial prominence than men, with consequences for perceptions of their competence. The current study examines the relationship between the size of this “face-ism” bias (i.e., individual or micro-level sexism) and a number of gender inequality indicators (i.e., institutional or macro-level sexism) at the cross-cultural level. In one of the largest known face-ism databases to date, the authors used politicians…
The Effects of Similarity on Charitable Giving in Donor–Donor Dyads: A Systematic Literature Review
Giving circles and alumni campaigns are popular forms of nonprofit fund-raising practice that may lead to positive peer effects that promote charitable giving among similar individuals. However, do individuals always give more in the presence of similar others? Most research finds a positive social influence among similar individuals in donor–solicitor and donor–recipient dyads. However, in donor–donor dyads, the effects of social influence on ch…
MLKDay and Racial Attitudes: Liking the Group More but Its Members Less
Intuition suggests that theMartinLutherKing holiday (MLKDay) should improve racial attitudes toward African Americans. However, its influence may depend on whether African Americans are evaluated as a group or individually. In two studies, we assessed racial attitudes either onMLKDay or on a control day. As might be expected, participants had more sympathetic attitudes towards African Americans as a group onMLKDay compared to control days; howeve…
Further Evidence of an Increase in Narcissism Among College Students
Our meta‐analysis also finds no change over time in Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) scores among California college students, most likely due to the cultural and ethnic shifts at the University of California campuses over this time (especially the large increase in Asian‐American student enrollment). Students in the rest of the country, from 27 campuses, show an increase of d =0.41 in narcissism over 24 years. The finding that high schoo…
Egos Inflating Over Time: A Cross‐Temporal Meta‐Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis found that narcissism levels have risen over the generations in 85 samples of American college students who completed the 40‐item forced‐choice Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) between 1979 and 2006 (total n =16,475). Mean narcissism scores were significantly correlated with year of data collection when weighted by sample size (β=.53, p
Seeing My World in a Million Little Pieces: Narcissism, Self‐Construal, and Cognitive–Perceptual Style
In 4 studies we examine the association between narcissism, self‐construal, and cognitive–perceptual style, hypothesizing that high self‐focus in combination with low other‐focus (i.e., social atomization) is related to an analytic cognitive–perceptual style. Participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Self‐Construal Scale, and measures of cognitive–perceptual style such as the Analysis‐Holism Scale, the Embedded Figures Te…
Global warming" or "climate change: Whether the planet is warming depends on question wording
In public discourse and survey research, global climate change is sometimes referred to as “global warming” and sometimes as “climate change.” An analysis of web sites of conservative and liberal think tanks suggests that conservatives prefer to use the term “global warming” whereas liberals prefer “climate change.” A question wording experiment (N = 2267) illustrates the power of these frames: Republicans were less likely to endorse that the phe…
Motives for volunteering are associated with mortality risk in older adults.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of motives for volunteering on respondents' mortality risk 4 years later. METHODS: Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether motives for volunteering predicted later mortality risk, above and beyond volunteering itself, in older adults from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Covariates included age, gender, socioeconomic variables, physical, mental, and cognitive health,…
Investigating the Link Between Liking Versus Wanting Self‐Esteem and Depression in a Nationally Representative Sample of A merican Adults
The self‐esteem movement has been around since the 1970s, and may have influenced how much value people place on self‐esteem. We predicted a negative relationship between age and the amount of value placed on self‐esteem boosts. We also investigated the correlates of liking versus wanting self‐esteem boosts (and other pleasant rewards) on depression. A nationally representative sample of American adults ( N = 867) indicated how much they liked an…
Parenting and Beyond: Common Neurocircuits Underlying Parental and Altruistic Caregiving
SYNOPSIS Interpersonal relationships constitute the foundation on which human society is based. The infant–caregiver bond is the earliest and most influential of these relationships. Driven by evolutionary pressure for survival, parents feel compelled to provide care to their biological offspring. However, compassion for non-kin is also ubiquitous in human societies, motivating individuals to suppress their own self-interests to promote the well-…
Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking: Linear and Quadratic Effects of Age Across the Adult Life Span
We discuss the inverse-U-shaped age pattern, in terms of aging versus cohort influences, and how it complements and extends the existing literature on empathy and age
Cultural Differences in Face-ism: Male Politicians Have Bigger Heads in More Gender-Equal Cultures
Women are visually depicted with lower facial prominence than men, with consequences for perceptions of their competence. The current study examines the relationship between the size of this “face-ism” bias (i.e., individual or micro-level sexism) and a number of gender inequality indicators (i.e., institutional or macro-level sexism) at the cross-cultural level. In one of the largest known face-ism databases to date, the authors used politicians…
Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (Sins)
MAIN OBJECTIVES: The narcissistic personality is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, and low empathy. This paper describes the development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). Although the use of longer instruments is superior in most circumstances, we recommend the SINS in some circumstances (e.g. under serious time constraints, online studies). METHODS: In 11 independent studies (total N = 2,250), we demonstrate the…
Revolutions, coups, and clashes: Using implicit motivations to predict the severity of intranational political unrest
Research has found that war is likely to break out in times when leaders are high in power motives and low in affiliation, however research has been limited to conflicts between Western countries. We examine 4 revolutionary movements in the Philippines to examine whether this pattern applies to political violence across cultures and conflict types (i.e., within-country vs. between-country). We also explore the role of achievement motives in intra…
Health Outcomes and Volunteering: The Moderating Role of Religiosity
MLKDay and Racial Attitudes: Liking the Group More but Its Members Less
Intuition suggests that theMartinLutherKing holiday (MLKDay) should improve racial attitudes toward African Americans. However, its influence may depend on whether African Americans are evaluated as a group or individually. In two studies, we assessed racial attitudes either onMLKDay or on a control day. As might be expected, participants had more sympathetic attitudes towards African Americans as a group onMLKDay compared to control days; howeve…
Political orientation moderates worldview defense in response to Osama bin Laden’s death
The current study examines Americans' psychological responses to Osama bin Laden's death. We tracked changes in how different participants responded to dissimilar others from the night of bin Laden's death for five weeks. Liberal participants reported lower worldview defense (i.e., a defensive reaction to uphold one's cultural worldview) immediately after bin Laden's death but then returned to similar levels as their conservative counterparts ove…
Volunteering is prospectively associated with health care use among older adults
Religious and Secular Coping Strategies and Mortality Risk among Older Adults
Geographic variation in empathy: A state-level analysis
Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries
Cultural practices socialize people to relate to others in different ways. One critical way in which these interpersonal bonds are formed and maintained is via empathy, our emotional reactivity toward others' experiences. However, the extent to which individuals from different cultures vary in their dispositional empathy, and the correlates of these differences, are relatively unknown. Thus, the current study explored cultural variation in empath…
A Century of Nonprofit Studies: Scaling the Knowledge of the Field
This empirical study examines knowledge production between 1925 and 2015 in nonprofit and philanthropic studies from quantitative and thematic perspectives. Quantitative results suggest that scholars in this field have been actively generating a considerable amount of literature and a solid intellectual base for developing this field toward a new discipline. Thematic analyses suggest that knowledge production in this field is also growing in cohe…
Development and validation of the single item trait empathy scale (Sites)
The Effects of Similarity on Charitable Giving in Donor–Donor Dyads: A Systematic Literature Review
Giving circles and alumni campaigns are popular forms of nonprofit fund-raising practice that may lead to positive peer effects that promote charitable giving among similar individuals. However, do individuals always give more in the presence of similar others? Most research finds a positive social influence among similar individuals in donor–solicitor and donor–recipient dyads. However, in donor–donor dyads, the effects of social influence on ch…
The relationship among different types of arts engagement, empathy, and prosocial behavior
The closer you feel, the more you care: Positive associations between closeness, pain intensity rating, empathic concern and personal distress to someone in pain
Longitudinal Changes in Empathy Across the Life Span in Six Samples of Human Development
The development of empathy is a hotly debated topic. Some studies find declines and others an inverse U-shaped pattern in empathy across the life span. Yet other studies find no age-related changes. Most of this research is cross sectional, and the few longitudinal studies have their limitations. The current study addresses these limitations by examining changes in empathy in six longitudinal samples (total N = 740, age 13–72). In a preliminary s…
Can too much similarity between donors crowd out charitable donations? an experimental investigation of the role of similarity in social influence on giving behavior
Psychology (31 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Developmental psychology (14 works) · Empathy (12 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (7 works) · Narcissism (7 works) · Personality (7 works)