Adrian Raine
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 352625 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Adrian Raine |
| NOMBRES | Adrian |
| APELLIDO | Raine |
| FIRMA | RAINE A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Pennsylvania |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3756-4307 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 51 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 266 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1981 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Research Review
BACKGROUND: Omega-3, a long-chain fatty acid critical for brain structure and function, has been argued to be effective in reducing antisocial behavior, but findings are variable. This meta-analysis examines 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 2,889 participants. METHODS: This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021256959). Two separate analyses were conducted where the unit of analysis was independent studies and independ…
Callous‐unemotional traits, cognitive functioning, and externalizing problems in a propensity‐matched sample from the ABCD study
BACKGROUND: Many studies show that both callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., low empathy, lack of guilt) and cognitive difficulties increase risk for externalizing psychopathology across development. However, other work suggests that some aggression (e.g., relational, proactive) may rely on intact cognitive function, which could vary based on the presence of CU traits. Moreover, no prior research has adequately accounted for common risk factors…
Electrodermal reactivity in an aversive countdown task
Our finding of an inverse relationship between SC reactivity and parent-rated boldness at W1 corroborates evidence from prior adult research and points to low fear (threat sensitivity) as the basis of deficient stress responding in psychopathy. The finding of contrasting predictive relations for W1 SC reactivity and W1 parent-rated boldness with ASB at W3 suggests differing roles for elements of threat sensitivity tapped by each (e.g., low anxiou…
The Role of Psychopathic Traits in Subtypes of Family Homicide
Primary and Secondary Variants of Callous-Unemotional Traits in Community Youths
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits refer to a cluster of characteristics such as low empathy, lack of remorse, and insensitivity to the emotions of others, delineating a group of youth at high risk for severe antisocial behavior. Two variants-primary and secondary CU-have been theorized to have different underlying mechanisms, although mixed findings have been reported. The current study examined if the variants differ in their level of anticipatory…
Evidence for intergenerational transmission of biological risk for antisocial behavior
The structure of deception
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsivity during adolescence in relation to psychopathic personality traits later in life
Psychopathic personality traits have been linked to low physiological arousal, particularly among high risk and forensic samples. A core indicator of physiological arousal is the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, findings of a link between HPA axis functioning and psychopathic personality traits have been inconsistent. Furthermore, given sex differences in both HPA axis responsivity and psychopathic personality t…
Sex differences in psychopathic traits during early adolescence
The interaction of biopsychological and socio-environmental influences on criminological outcomes
Because criminal behavior has many causes, it is reasonable to assume that some of those causal factors will interact. Interactions occur when the effect of one factor on an outcome depends in some way on the presence or absence of another factor. Although tests for interactions are common, there remains no formal typology of interaction models in criminology generally or biopsychosocial criminology specifically. Empirical studies often overlook …
Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women
We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women. All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n = 1,146,570 men, n = 1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We est…
Relationship between resting heart rate and law enforcement involvement
Developmental Trajectories of Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior
Heart Rate Reactivity, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Antisocial Behavior
This article examines whether heart rate stress reactivity interacts with neighborhood disadvantage to predict antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior was assessed in a community sample of 445 males and females ( M age = 11.92 years), using respondent and parent measures of antisocial behavior. Heart rate stress reactivity interacted with neighborhood disadvantage to predict parent-reported antisocial behavior. Specifically, the relationship bet…
Divergent Amygdala Volume Asymmetries for Male and Female Youth With High Versus Low Callous-Unemotional Traits
Although callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been associated with amygdala hypoactivity, it is unclear whether such traits are associated with amygdala structure. This study examines the relationship between amygdala structure and CU traits and considers sex differences in hemisphere-related asymmetries in this relationship. In this brain imaging study of children ( n = 272), a significant sex × hemisphere × CU traits interaction was observed. F…
The relationship between resting heart rate and aggression in males is racially variant
Although resting heart rate is thought to be a generalizable risk factor for aggression, very little research has examined whether this relationship varies by race. We addressed this limitation using longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. Current data are from 197 men who participated in a teenage biosocial study (mean age = 15.7 years) and adult follow‐up study (mean age = 32.1 years). Teenage resting heart rate interacted with race …
The utility of the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) facet and item scores in predicting violent recidivism
There is relatively limited research on psychopathy in non‐Caucasian ethnic groups and even less on the utility of the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) that focuses on PCL‐R facet and item scores in predicting violent recidivism. In this study, we assessed the utility of the PCL‐R in prospectively predicting violent versus nonviolent recidivism during an 11‐year follow‐up window. A high‐risk sample of 451 incarcerated Korean male offenders w…
A neurodevelopmental perspective on male violence
Research is increasingly documenting a neurobiological basis to violence. This review takes a neurodevelopmental perspective on the very small group of males who grow up to become persistent violent offenders. After outlining six criteria for what constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, the extent to which chronic violence meets these definitional criteria is examined, covering the fields of genetics, structural and functional brain imaging, a…
Peer Problems and Low Self-esteem Mediate the Suspicious and Non-suspicious Schizotypy–Reactive Aggression Relationship in Children and Adolescents
The relationship between schizophrenia and violence has been well-established. Yet very little prior research exists on the factors that might explain the nature of this relationship and even fewer studies seek to clarify the etiology of aggressive behavior in adolescents with specific features of schizotypal personality that might help improve the specificity of intervention. The current study tested whether one dimension of schizotypy alone (i.…
Effects of harsh parenting and positive parenting practices on youth aggressive behavior
Prior research indicates that early pubertal timing is associated with aggressive behavior, particularly in the context of adversity as postulated in the contextual amplification hypothesis. However, few studies have examined harsh parenting as the context for the effect of early pubertal timing. Even fewer studies have tested the interactive effect of early pubertal timing and positive parenting on aggressive behavior. In this study, we tested t…
Reductions of intimate partner violence resulting from supplementing children with omega‐3 fatty acids
Omega-3 supplementation has been found to reduce externalizing behavior in children. Reciprocal models of parent-child behavior suggest that improving child behavior could lead to improvements in parent behavior, however no study has examined whether omega-3 supplementation in children could reduce intimate partner violence or child maltreatment by their adult caregivers. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel …
The relationship between low resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure and antisocial behavior in incarcerated males
The Role of Heart Rate Levels in the Intergenerational Transmission of Crime
Several prospective multigenerational studies have shown that crime runs in the family, while empirical research on the biological causes of crime has also established that low heart rate is related to antisocial behavior. This study examines whether the intergenerational transmission of crime is moderated or mediated by a low heart rate of the son. Prospectively collected conviction data on 794 men from three consecutive generations of the Dutch…
Explaining the Gender Gap in Crime
Although it is well established that males engage in more crime compared with females, little is known about what accounts for the gender gap. Few studies have been aimed at empirically examining mediators of the gender–crime relationship in a longitudinal context. In this study, we test the hypothesis that a low resting heart rate partly mediates the relationship between gender and crime. In a sample of 894 participants, the resting heart rate a…
Nutritional status and social behavior in preschool children
Early malnutritional status has been associated with reduced cognitive ability in childhood. However, there are almost no studies on the effect of malnutrition on positive social behavior, and no tests of possible mediating mechanisms. This study tests the hypothesis that poor nutritional status is associated with impaired social functioning in childhood, and that neurocognitive ability mediates this relationship. We assessed 1553 male and female…
The reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire
This study reports the development of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and the differential correlates of these two forms of aggression. Antisocial, psychosocial and personality measures were obtained at ages 7 and 16 years in schoolboys, while the RPQ was administered to 334 of the boys at age 16 years. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a significant fit for a two‐factor proactive–reactive model that replicated from on…
Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior
Although a low resting heart rate is considered the best‐replicated biological correlate of antisocial behavior, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. Sensation‐seeking and fearlessness theories have been proposed to explain this relationship, although little empirical research has been conducted to test these theories. This study addressed this limitation by examining the relationship between heart rate and antisoci…
Biosocial criminology and modern crime prevention
Explaining the Gender Gap in Crime
Although it is well established that males engage in more crime compared with females, little is known about what accounts for the gender gap. Few studies have been aimed at empirically examining mediators of the gender–crime relationship in a longitudinal context. In this study, we test the hypothesis that a low resting heart rate partly mediates the relationship between gender and crime. In a sample of 894 participants, the resting heart rate a…
Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggression
The aim of this study was to examine stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on reactive (impulsive and affective) and proactive (planned and instrumental) aggression from childhood to early adolescence. The sample was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal twin study of risk factors for antisocial behavior at the University of Southern California (USC). The twins were measured on two occasions: ages 9–10 years ( N =1,241) and 11…
Low heart rate as a risk factor for child and adolescent proactive aggressive and impulsive psychopathic behavior
Although low resting heart rate has been viewed as a well-replicated biological correlate of child and adolescent antisocial behavior, little is known about how it interacts with psychosocial adversity in predisposing to both reactive-proactive aggression and psychopathy, and whether this relationship generalizes to an East Asian population. This study tests the hypothesis that low resting heart rate will be associated with aggression and psychop…
Validation of the Dutch Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ)
This study reports reliability and validity of the Dutch Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). In total, 845 participants completed the RPQ along with other measures of aggression. Groups consisted of non-offender participants, criminal offenders, youngsters (age 6-18), and adults (age above 18). Test-retest stability in a subsample of 324 childhood arrestees was good (all ICC's > 0.41). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the s…
Biological protective factors for antisocial and criminal behavior
Reactive/proactive aggression and the development of internalizing problems in males
The current study examined whether reactive and/or proactive aggression in adolescent males prospectively predicted increased levels of internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) in late adolescence. It was postulated that reactive aggression would be robustly related to later internalizing problems, but only among adolescent males who had problematic family or peer social relationships. Participants were a racially diverse group of 289 adol…
Better autonomic conditioning and faster electrodermal half-recovery time at age 15 years as possible protective factors against crime at age 29 years
This prospective study tests the hypothesis that antisocial adolescents who desist from adult crime show better classical conditioning and faster skin conductance half-recovery times at age 15 compared with antisocial adolescents who go on to become adult criminals at age 29. Measures were assessed in 101 unselected 15-year-old male school children. Of these, 17 antisocial adolescents who desisted from adult crime (desistors) were matched with 17…
The genetic and environmental overlap between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behavior in children and adolescents using the self-report delinquency interview (SR-DI)
Aggression and rule-breaking
A meta‐analysis of serotonin metabolite 5‐Hiaa and antisocial behavior
During the past 25 years, researchers have examined the relationship between neurochemical variables and antisocial behavior in human adults, but none has been studied more intensely than the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA). The goal of the current study was to employ meta‐analytic procedures to quantitatively evaluate selected evidence on the relationship between 5‐HIAA and antisocial behavior. It was expected that antis…
Psychopathic Personality and Negative Parent-to-Child Affect
The utility of the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) facet and item scores in predicting violent recidivism
There is relatively limited research on psychopathy in non‐Caucasian ethnic groups and even less on the utility of the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) that focuses on PCL‐R facet and item scores in predicting violent recidivism. In this study, we assessed the utility of the PCL‐R in prospectively predicting violent versus nonviolent recidivism during an 11‐year follow‐up window. A high‐risk sample of 451 incarcerated Korean male offenders w…
Effects of harsh parenting and positive parenting practices on youth aggressive behavior
Prior research indicates that early pubertal timing is associated with aggressive behavior, particularly in the context of adversity as postulated in the contextual amplification hypothesis. However, few studies have examined harsh parenting as the context for the effect of early pubertal timing. Even fewer studies have tested the interactive effect of early pubertal timing and positive parenting on aggressive behavior. In this study, we tested t…
The Association of Birth Complications and Externalizing Behavior in Early Adolescents
Prior studies have shown that birth complications interact with psychosocial risk factors in predisposing to increased externalizing behavior in childhood and criminal behavior in adulthood. However, little is known about the direct relationship between birth complications and externalizing behavior. Furthermore, the mechanism by which the birth complications predispose to externalizing behavior is not well explored. This study aims to assess whe…
Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women
We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women. All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n = 1,146,570 men, n = 1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We est…
A neurodevelopmental perspective on male violence
Research is increasingly documenting a neurobiological basis to violence. This review takes a neurodevelopmental perspective on the very small group of males who grow up to become persistent violent offenders. After outlining six criteria for what constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, the extent to which chronic violence meets these definitional criteria is examined, covering the fields of genetics, structural and functional brain imaging, a…
Peer Problems and Low Self-esteem Mediate the Suspicious and Non-suspicious Schizotypy–Reactive Aggression Relationship in Children and Adolescents
The relationship between schizophrenia and violence has been well-established. Yet very little prior research exists on the factors that might explain the nature of this relationship and even fewer studies seek to clarify the etiology of aggressive behavior in adolescents with specific features of schizotypal personality that might help improve the specificity of intervention. The current study tested whether one dimension of schizotypy alone (i.…
Reduced right hemisphere activation in severely abused violent offenders during a working memory task
This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address two important gaps in our knowledge of brain functioning and violence: (1) What are the brain correlates of adults in the community who have suffered severe physical abuse early in life and who go on to perpetrate serious violence in adulthood? (2) What characterizes those who experience severe physical abuse but who refrain from serious violence? Four groups of participants …
Relationship between resting heart rate and law enforcement involvement
The relationship between resting heart rate and aggression in males is racially variant
Although resting heart rate is thought to be a generalizable risk factor for aggression, very little research has examined whether this relationship varies by race. We addressed this limitation using longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. Current data are from 197 men who participated in a teenage biosocial study (mean age = 15.7 years) and adult follow‐up study (mean age = 32.1 years). Teenage resting heart rate interacted with race …
Reductions of intimate partner violence resulting from supplementing children with omega‐3 fatty acids
Omega-3 supplementation has been found to reduce externalizing behavior in children. Reciprocal models of parent-child behavior suggest that improving child behavior could lead to improvements in parent behavior, however no study has examined whether omega-3 supplementation in children could reduce intimate partner violence or child maltreatment by their adult caregivers. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel …
The relationship between low resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure and antisocial behavior in incarcerated males
Factorial validity of the CNSE
Are lateral eye‐movements a valid index of functional hemispheric asymmetries
Lateral eye‐movements (LEMs) to verbal and spatial questions are frequently used as an index of asymmetries in hemisphere activation and the concept of ‘hemisphericity’. There have, however, been few attempts to validate LEMs using independent cognitive measures of hemisphere function. This study relates laterality indices of LEMs recorded in the dark using infrared recording techniques, and elicited by verbal and spatial questions, to other meas…
Birth Complications Combined With Early Maternal Rejection at Age 1 Year Predispose to Violent Crime at Age 18 Years
BACKGROUND: This study tests the bisocial interaction hypothesis that birth complications when combined with early maternal rejection of the infant predispose to adult violent crime. METHODS: This hypothesis was tested using a cohort of 4269 consecutive live male births on whom measures of birth complications (age 0), early maternal rejection (age 1 year), and violent crime (age 18 years) were collected. RESULTS: A significant interaction (P < .0…
Better autonomic conditioning and faster electrodermal half-recovery time at age 15 years as possible protective factors against crime at age 29 years
This prospective study tests the hypothesis that antisocial adolescents who desist from adult crime show better classical conditioning and faster skin conductance half-recovery times at age 15 compared with antisocial adolescents who go on to become adult criminals at age 29. Measures were assessed in 101 unselected 15-year-old male school children. Of these, 17 antisocial adolescents who desisted from adult crime (desistors) were matched with 17…
Reduced right hemisphere activation in severely abused violent offenders during a working memory task
This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address two important gaps in our knowledge of brain functioning and violence: (1) What are the brain correlates of adults in the community who have suffered severe physical abuse early in life and who go on to perpetrate serious violence in adulthood? (2) What characterizes those who experience severe physical abuse but who refrain from serious violence? Four groups of participants …
Biosocial Studies of Antisocial and Violent Behavior in Children and Adults
A meta‐analysis of serotonin metabolite 5‐Hiaa and antisocial behavior
During the past 25 years, researchers have examined the relationship between neurochemical variables and antisocial behavior in human adults, but none has been studied more intensely than the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA). The goal of the current study was to employ meta‐analytic procedures to quantitatively evaluate selected evidence on the relationship between 5‐HIAA and antisocial behavior. It was expected that antis…
Stimulation seeking and intelligence
The prediction that high stimulation seeking 3-year-olds would have higher IQs by 11 years old was tested in 1,795 children on whom behavioral measures of stimulation seeking were taken at 3 years, together with cognitive ability at 11 years. High 3-year-old stimulation seekers scored 12 points higher on total IQ at age 11 compared with low stimulation seekers and also had superior scholastic and reading ability. Results replicated across indepen…
Heart Rate Level and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents
The reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire
This study reports the development of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and the differential correlates of these two forms of aggression. Antisocial, psychosocial and personality measures were obtained at ages 7 and 16 years in schoolboys, while the RPQ was administered to 334 of the boys at age 16 years. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a significant fit for a two‐factor proactive–reactive model that replicated from on…
Prenatal Influenza Exposure and Delivery Complications
This study assessed prenatal influenza exposure in relation to pregnancy complications and delivery complications. Participants of this study consisted of a community sample of all mothers of 1,795 children who were a birth cohort recruited at age 3 in a prospective longitudinal project in Mauritius. The onset of the 1968-1972 A2/Hong Kong influenza epidemic in January 1970 was established from officially published death rates and newspaper recor…
The Association of Birth Complications and Externalizing Behavior in Early Adolescents
Prior studies have shown that birth complications interact with psychosocial risk factors in predisposing to increased externalizing behavior in childhood and criminal behavior in adulthood. However, little is known about the direct relationship between birth complications and externalizing behavior. Furthermore, the mechanism by which the birth complications predispose to externalizing behavior is not well explored. This study aims to assess whe…
Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggression
The aim of this study was to examine stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on reactive (impulsive and affective) and proactive (planned and instrumental) aggression from childhood to early adolescence. The sample was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal twin study of risk factors for antisocial behavior at the University of Southern California (USC). The twins were measured on two occasions: ages 9–10 years ( N =1,241) and 11…
Biosocial criminology and modern crime prevention
Validation of the Dutch Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ)
This study reports reliability and validity of the Dutch Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). In total, 845 participants completed the RPQ along with other measures of aggression. Groups consisted of non-offender participants, criminal offenders, youngsters (age 6-18), and adults (age above 18). Test-retest stability in a subsample of 324 childhood arrestees was good (all ICC's > 0.41). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the s…
Recruitment of Community‐residing Youth Into Studies on Aggression
Recruitment of community‐based youth into studies is challenging. We examined access issues, minority status, and personal costs of participation for a study of children with aggressive behaviors, designed to identify which ones are at risk for future violent behaviors, to identify protective factors, and to test interventions to reduce aggression. Of 1,038 contacts, 112 declined, 239 could not be re‐contacted, and 124 were ineligible. Three hund…
The genetic and environmental overlap between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behavior in children and adolescents using the self-report delinquency interview (SR-DI)
Biological protective factors for antisocial and criminal behavior
Psychopathic Personality and Negative Parent-to-Child Affect
Aggression and rule-breaking
Low heart rate as a risk factor for child and adolescent proactive aggressive and impulsive psychopathic behavior
Although low resting heart rate has been viewed as a well-replicated biological correlate of child and adolescent antisocial behavior, little is known about how it interacts with psychosocial adversity in predisposing to both reactive-proactive aggression and psychopathy, and whether this relationship generalizes to an East Asian population. This study tests the hypothesis that low resting heart rate will be associated with aggression and psychop…
Reactive/proactive aggression and the development of internalizing problems in males
The current study examined whether reactive and/or proactive aggression in adolescent males prospectively predicted increased levels of internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) in late adolescence. It was postulated that reactive aggression would be robustly related to later internalizing problems, but only among adolescent males who had problematic family or peer social relationships. Participants were a racially diverse group of 289 adol…
Motor impulsivity during childhood and adolescence
In the present study, we investigated genetic and environmental effects on motor impulsivity from childhood to late adolescence using a longitudinal sample of twins from ages 9 to 18 years. Motor impulsivity was assessed using errors of commission (no-go errors) in a visual go/no-go task at 4 time points: ages 9-10, 11-13, 14-15, and 16-18 years. Significant genetic and nonshared environmental effects on motor impulsivity were found at each of th…
Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior
Although a low resting heart rate is considered the best‐replicated biological correlate of antisocial behavior, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. Sensation‐seeking and fearlessness theories have been proposed to explain this relationship, although little empirical research has been conducted to test these theories. This study addressed this limitation by examining the relationship between heart rate and antisoci…
Brain imaging research on psychopathy
Psychology (46 obras) · Developmental psychology (37 obras) · Medicine (35 obras) · Psychiatry (25 obras) · Clinical Psychology (24 obras) · Poison control (21 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (20 obras) · Clinical Psychology (20 obras) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (19 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras)