Judith R Glynn
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 354258 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Judith R Glynn |
| NOMBRES | Judith R |
| APELLIDO | Glynn |
| FIRMA | GLYNN J R |
| AFILIACIONES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9325-4576 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is important for early childhood nutrition and health. The positive effects on educational outcomes may be attributed to socioeconomic factors. Socioeconomic status is not a strong predictor of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan African countries. Yet, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding and educational outcomes in these countries. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between breas…
The association of breastfeeding with cognitive development and educational achievement in sub-Saharan Africa
Lusting, learning and lasting in school
Age at sexual debut is known to have implications for future sexual behaviours and health outcomes, including HIV infection, early pregnancy and maternal mortality, but may also influence educational outcomes. Longitudinal data on schooling and sexual behaviour from a demographic surveillance site in Karonga district, northern Malawi, were analysed for 3153 respondents between the ages of 12 and 25 years to examine the association between sexual …
Evaluating the impact of the DREAMS partnership to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in four settings
DREAMS is, to date, the most ambitious effort to scale-up combinations or 'packages' of multi-sectoral interventions for HIV prevention. Evidence of its effectiveness in reducing HIV incidence among AGYW, and demonstrating which aspects of the lives of AGYW were changed, will offer valuable lessons for replication
Reliability of reporting of HIV status and antiretroviral therapy usage during verbal autopsies
OBJECTIVE: Verbal autopsies (VAs) are interviews with a relative or friend of the deceased; VAs are a technique used in surveillance sites in many countries with incomplete death certification. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy and validity of data on HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) usage reported in VAs and their influence on physician attribution of cause of death. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS…
Unintended Childbearing and Child Growth in Northern Malawi
Objective The study aims to assess whether unintended children experience slower growth than intended children. Methods We analysed longitudinal data linked to the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site collected over three rounds between 2008 and 2011 on women's fertility intentions and anthropometric data of children. Using the prospective information on fertility intention we assessed whether unintended children are more likely to be…
Failing to progress or progressing to fail? Age-for-grade heterogeneity and grade repetition in primary schools in Karonga district, northern Malawi
Timely progression through school is an important measure for school performance, completion and the onset of other life transitions for adolescents. This study examines the risk factors for grade repetition and establishes the extent to which age-for-grade heterogeneity contributes to subsequent grade repetition at early and later stages of school. Using data from a demographic surveillance site in Karonga district, northern Malawi, a cohort of …
Patterns and risk factors for deaths from external causes in rural Malawi over 10 years
The high proportion of alcohol-related deaths in men, the predominance of drowning, deaths linked to uncontrolled epilepsy, and the possible protective effect of school attendance suggest areas for intervention
An Assessment of Childbearing Preferences in Northern Malawi
Fertility preferences are an essential component of family planning program evaluation; however, doubts about their validity in sub‐Saharan Africa exist and little methodological assessment has been carried out. This study investigates prospective fertility intentions in terms of their temporal stability, intensity, degree of spousal agreement, and association with future childbearing in northern Malawi. A total of 5,222 married women participate…
Measuring causes of adult mortality in rural northern Malawi over a decade of change
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy could be more widely used if interpretation by computer algorithm could be relied on. We assessed how InterVA-4 results compared with clinician review in diagnosing HIV/AIDS-related deaths over the period of antiretroviral (ART) roll-out. DESIGN: In the Karonga Prevention Study demographic surveillance site in northern Malawi, all deaths are followed by verbal autopsy using a semi-structured questionnaire. Cause of deat…
Reproductive Preferences and Contraceptive Use
There is now widespread agreement on the importance of men's role in reproductive decision-making. Several studies have argued that fertility preferences and their translation into behaviour differ between polygamous and monogamous unions. Studies investigating the dominance of men's preferences over women's preferences, in cases of couple disagreement, found mixed evidence of the effect of polygamy. However, an often cited limitation of these st…
Missed opportunities in TB diagnosis
This study introduces the TB-PBPR tool as a novel method to review and evaluate clinical performance in TB management. We found that simple clinical actions were omitted in many cases. The tool, in conjunction with a manual describing best practice, is adaptable to a range of settings, is educational and enables detailed feedback within a TB programme. The TB-PBPR tool and manual are both freely available for general use
Child sexual abuse and links to HIV and orphanhood in urban Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Evidence of a link between sexual violence and HIV is growing; however, studies among children are scarce. The authors sought to characterise child sexual abuse in Harare, Zimbabwe, and explore its links with HIV and orphanhood. METHODS: Records for new clients attending a child sexual abuse clinic from July 2004 to June 2005 were computerised and reviewed. Information on characteristics, medical examinations, laboratory tests and per…
P2-383 Lifetime follow-up of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected individuals including those with subsequent HIV infection
Introduction The assumption that infection with M tuberculosis is life-long in the absence of treatment underlies the “statistic” that one third of people worldwide are currently infected. Exploration of the validity of this statement and the contribution of this reservoir to later disease are critical, given the WHO target of elimination of TB by 2050. HIV-positive individuals are assumed to be at high risk of “remotely” acquired M tuberculosis …
What happens to ART-eligible patients who do not start ART? Dropout between screening and ART initiation
MUAC and reported difficulties in dressing may provide useful screening indicators to identify sicker ART-eligible individuals at high risk of dropping out of the programme who might benefit from being brought back quickly or admitted to hospital for observation. Individuals with less education may need adapted health information at screening. Deaths of ART-eligible individuals occurring prior to ART initiation are not included in routine program…
Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe
From affected to infected? Orphanhood and HIV risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Despite the 15 million children orphaned by AIDS, and fears of sexual vulnerability, little is known about the link between orphanhood and HIV risk. METHODS: A random sample of 1283 15 to 19-year-old girls in a high-density suburb of Harare was identified in a cross-sectional survey in 2004. A total of 863 agreed to be interviewed and 839 provided a specimen for HIV and herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) testing. Sexual health outcom…
Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa
HIV, resurgent infections and population change in Africa
HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa
The social and economic impact of parental HIV on children in northern Malawi
From population-based surveys in the 1980s in Karonga district, northern Malawi, 197 'index individuals' were identified as HIV-positive. 396 HIV-negative 'index individuals' were selected as a comparison group. These individuals, and their spouses and children, were followed up in 1998-2000. 582 of 593 index individuals were traced. 487 children of HIV-positive, and 1493 children of HIV-negative, parents were included in analyses. Rates of pater…
Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi
This paper describes and evaluates the first demographic surveillance system (DSS) in Malawi, covering a rural population of 30,000. Unlike others, the Karonga DSS relies on trained village informants using formatted registers for the primary notificat
Educational attainment and HIV‐1 infection in developing countries
OBJECTIVES To assess whether educational status is associated with HIV‐1 infection in developing countries by conducting a systematic review of published literature. METHODS Articles were identified through electronic databases and hand searching key journals. Studies containing appropriately analysed individual level data on the association between educational attainment and HIV‐1 status in general population groups were included. RESULTS Twenty…
Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors responsible for the disparity in HIV prevalence between young men and women in two urban populations in Africa with high HIV prevalence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, aiming to include 1000 men and 1000 women aged 15-49 years in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. METHODS: Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Analyses compared the marital and non-marital partn…
Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe
An Assessment of Childbearing Preferences in Northern Malawi
Fertility preferences are an essential component of family planning program evaluation; however, doubts about their validity in sub‐Saharan Africa exist and little methodological assessment has been carried out. This study investigates prospective fertility intentions in terms of their temporal stability, intensity, degree of spousal agreement, and association with future childbearing in northern Malawi. A total of 5,222 married women participate…
Failing to progress or progressing to fail? Age-for-grade heterogeneity and grade repetition in primary schools in Karonga district, northern Malawi
Timely progression through school is an important measure for school performance, completion and the onset of other life transitions for adolescents. This study examines the risk factors for grade repetition and establishes the extent to which age-for-grade heterogeneity contributes to subsequent grade repetition at early and later stages of school. Using data from a demographic surveillance site in Karonga district, northern Malawi, a cohort of …
Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi
This paper describes and evaluates the first demographic surveillance system (DSS) in Malawi, covering a rural population of 30,000. Unlike others, the Karonga DSS relies on trained village informants using formatted registers for the primary notificat
Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors responsible for the disparity in HIV prevalence between young men and women in two urban populations in Africa with high HIV prevalence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, aiming to include 1000 men and 1000 women aged 15-49 years in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. METHODS: Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Analyses compared the marital and non-marital partn…
Educational attainment and HIV‐1 infection in developing countries
OBJECTIVES To assess whether educational status is associated with HIV‐1 infection in developing countries by conducting a systematic review of published literature. METHODS Articles were identified through electronic databases and hand searching key journals. Studies containing appropriately analysed individual level data on the association between educational attainment and HIV‐1 status in general population groups were included. RESULTS Twenty…
HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa
The social and economic impact of parental HIV on children in northern Malawi
From population-based surveys in the 1980s in Karonga district, northern Malawi, 197 'index individuals' were identified as HIV-positive. 396 HIV-negative 'index individuals' were selected as a comparison group. These individuals, and their spouses and children, were followed up in 1998-2000. 582 of 593 index individuals were traced. 487 children of HIV-positive, and 1493 children of HIV-negative, parents were included in analyses. Rates of pater…
Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi
This paper describes and evaluates the first demographic surveillance system (DSS) in Malawi, covering a rural population of 30,000. Unlike others, the Karonga DSS relies on trained village informants using formatted registers for the primary notificat
From affected to infected? Orphanhood and HIV risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Despite the 15 million children orphaned by AIDS, and fears of sexual vulnerability, little is known about the link between orphanhood and HIV risk. METHODS: A random sample of 1283 15 to 19-year-old girls in a high-density suburb of Harare was identified in a cross-sectional survey in 2004. A total of 863 agreed to be interviewed and 839 provided a specimen for HIV and herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) testing. Sexual health outcom…
Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa
HIV, resurgent infections and population change in Africa
Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe
What happens to ART-eligible patients who do not start ART? Dropout between screening and ART initiation
MUAC and reported difficulties in dressing may provide useful screening indicators to identify sicker ART-eligible individuals at high risk of dropping out of the programme who might benefit from being brought back quickly or admitted to hospital for observation. Individuals with less education may need adapted health information at screening. Deaths of ART-eligible individuals occurring prior to ART initiation are not included in routine program…
Missed opportunities in TB diagnosis
This study introduces the TB-PBPR tool as a novel method to review and evaluate clinical performance in TB management. We found that simple clinical actions were omitted in many cases. The tool, in conjunction with a manual describing best practice, is adaptable to a range of settings, is educational and enables detailed feedback within a TB programme. The TB-PBPR tool and manual are both freely available for general use
Child sexual abuse and links to HIV and orphanhood in urban Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Evidence of a link between sexual violence and HIV is growing; however, studies among children are scarce. The authors sought to characterise child sexual abuse in Harare, Zimbabwe, and explore its links with HIV and orphanhood. METHODS: Records for new clients attending a child sexual abuse clinic from July 2004 to June 2005 were computerised and reviewed. Information on characteristics, medical examinations, laboratory tests and per…
P2-383 Lifetime follow-up of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected individuals including those with subsequent HIV infection
Introduction The assumption that infection with M tuberculosis is life-long in the absence of treatment underlies the “statistic” that one third of people worldwide are currently infected. Exploration of the validity of this statement and the contribution of this reservoir to later disease are critical, given the WHO target of elimination of TB by 2050. HIV-positive individuals are assumed to be at high risk of “remotely” acquired M tuberculosis …
Reproductive Preferences and Contraceptive Use
There is now widespread agreement on the importance of men's role in reproductive decision-making. Several studies have argued that fertility preferences and their translation into behaviour differ between polygamous and monogamous unions. Studies investigating the dominance of men's preferences over women's preferences, in cases of couple disagreement, found mixed evidence of the effect of polygamy. However, an often cited limitation of these st…
Measuring causes of adult mortality in rural northern Malawi over a decade of change
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy could be more widely used if interpretation by computer algorithm could be relied on. We assessed how InterVA-4 results compared with clinician review in diagnosing HIV/AIDS-related deaths over the period of antiretroviral (ART) roll-out. DESIGN: In the Karonga Prevention Study demographic surveillance site in northern Malawi, all deaths are followed by verbal autopsy using a semi-structured questionnaire. Cause of deat…
Patterns and risk factors for deaths from external causes in rural Malawi over 10 years
The high proportion of alcohol-related deaths in men, the predominance of drowning, deaths linked to uncontrolled epilepsy, and the possible protective effect of school attendance suggest areas for intervention
An Assessment of Childbearing Preferences in Northern Malawi
Fertility preferences are an essential component of family planning program evaluation; however, doubts about their validity in sub‐Saharan Africa exist and little methodological assessment has been carried out. This study investigates prospective fertility intentions in terms of their temporal stability, intensity, degree of spousal agreement, and association with future childbearing in northern Malawi. A total of 5,222 married women participate…
Reliability of reporting of HIV status and antiretroviral therapy usage during verbal autopsies
OBJECTIVE: Verbal autopsies (VAs) are interviews with a relative or friend of the deceased; VAs are a technique used in surveillance sites in many countries with incomplete death certification. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy and validity of data on HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) usage reported in VAs and their influence on physician attribution of cause of death. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS…
Unintended Childbearing and Child Growth in Northern Malawi
Objective The study aims to assess whether unintended children experience slower growth than intended children. Methods We analysed longitudinal data linked to the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site collected over three rounds between 2008 and 2011 on women's fertility intentions and anthropometric data of children. Using the prospective information on fertility intention we assessed whether unintended children are more likely to be…
Failing to progress or progressing to fail? Age-for-grade heterogeneity and grade repetition in primary schools in Karonga district, northern Malawi
Timely progression through school is an important measure for school performance, completion and the onset of other life transitions for adolescents. This study examines the risk factors for grade repetition and establishes the extent to which age-for-grade heterogeneity contributes to subsequent grade repetition at early and later stages of school. Using data from a demographic surveillance site in Karonga district, northern Malawi, a cohort of …
Evaluating the impact of the DREAMS partnership to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in four settings
DREAMS is, to date, the most ambitious effort to scale-up combinations or 'packages' of multi-sectoral interventions for HIV prevention. Evidence of its effectiveness in reducing HIV incidence among AGYW, and demonstrating which aspects of the lives of AGYW were changed, will offer valuable lessons for replication
Lusting, learning and lasting in school
Age at sexual debut is known to have implications for future sexual behaviours and health outcomes, including HIV infection, early pregnancy and maternal mortality, but may also influence educational outcomes. Longitudinal data on schooling and sexual behaviour from a demographic surveillance site in Karonga district, northern Malawi, were analysed for 3153 respondents between the ages of 12 and 25 years to examine the association between sexual …
The association of breastfeeding with cognitive development and educational achievement in sub-Saharan Africa
Association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is important for early childhood nutrition and health. The positive effects on educational outcomes may be attributed to socioeconomic factors. Socioeconomic status is not a strong predictor of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan African countries. Yet, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding and educational outcomes in these countries. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between breas…
Medicine (18 obras) · Demography (15 obras) · Population (14 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras) · Cohort (6 obras) · Demography (6 obras) · Pediatrics (6 obras) · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare (6 obras) · Sociology (6 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (5 obras)