Berit Bliesemann De Guevara
Biographic Data
| ID | 355563 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Berit Bliesemann De Guevara |
| GIVEN NAMES | Berit Bliesemann |
| FAMILY NAME | De Guevara |
| SIGNATURE | DE GUEVARA B B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Aberystwyth University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6299-1204 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 146 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 5 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Knowledge and Expertise in International Politics: A Handbook
Rethinking peace in turbulent times: Perspectives from six scholars
With considerable flux in the peace and conflict landscape, scholars, policymakers, practitioners and publics alike are scrambling to understand emerging realities. Moreover, a sometimes slow academic publishing cycle means that much material appearing in academic journals seems already outdated–reporting on a peace and conflict landscape as though we are still in an era of comprehensive peace processes and peace accords. In an effort to shed som…
The global-capitalist elephant in the room: How resilient peacebuilding hinders substantive transformation and undermines long-term peace prospects
This article reviews critical responses to recent academic debates on resilience and peacebuilding, with a focus on approaches that question the underlying logics of resilient peacebuilding in fundamental ways. It argues that, while resilience in peacebuilding lends agency and new policy direction to peacebuilding actors, enabling them to uphold the image of active global governance, this also helps to legitimize the existence and reproduction of…
Textiling World Politics: Towards an extended epistemology, methodology, and ontology
This article argues that textiling—a particular kind of making that simultaneously constitutes a concept, a metaphor, and a practice—can facilitate a radical rethinking and redoing of the study of world politics. Specifically, we suggest three ways in which textiling, and the relationality it enables, facilitates this innovation: as a different way of theorizing in the discipline of international relations (IR), as a creative method and methodolo…
Reflexivity in research teams through narrative practice and textile-making
This article discusses narrative practice and textile-making as two techniques of researcher reflexivity in diverse teams conducting qualitative-interpretive research. Specifically, it suggests definitional ceremonies-a collective structured method of storytelling and group resonances-as a useful tool to interweave diverse researchers as a team, while maintaining the plurivocity that enables deeper reflexivity. Additionally, textile-making is int…
Textiles para la paz en el posacuerdo en Colombia
In these Dialogues, Lorna Dillon brings together essays that explore the relationship between fiber art and social justice in Latin America. The authors discuss Chilean arpilleras, needlework projects and the struggle for peace in Colombia, the Mexican Embroidering for Peace Movement, and Margarita Cabrera’s fabric sculptures about the US-Mexico borderlands. The section brings the work of scholars from different regions into dialogue. Beatriz Ele…
Drawing Out Experiential Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar: Arts-Based Methods in Qualitative Research With Conflict-Affected Communities
This article argues that arts-based methods such as drawing are particularly useful as means to explore experiential insights into how violent conflict impacts individuals and communities in specific sociocultural contexts and shapes their views of development and peace. It illustrates this through the discussion of a drawing workshop with members of violence-affected communities in Kachin state, Myanmar. Reflecting on the workshop findings and d…
Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts
Using insights from those with first-hand experience of conducting research in areas of international intervention and conflict across the world, this book provides essential practical guidance, discussion of mistakes, key reflections and raises important questions for researchers and students embarking on fieldwork in violent and closed contexts. Chapters detail personal experiences from areas including the Congo, Sudan, Yemen, Bosnia and Herzeg…
Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts
Using detailed insights from those with first-hand experience of conducting research in areas of international intervention and conflict, this handbook provides essential practical guidance for researchers and students embarking on fieldwork in violent, repressive and closed contexts. Contributors detail their own experiences from areas including the Congo, Sudan, Yemen, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Myanmar, inviting readers into their reflections …
Researching with ‘Local’ Associates: Power, Trust and Data in an Interpretive Project on Communities’ Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar
This article discusses the merits and challenges of qualitative-interpretive research into violent conflict, which gives local research associates a central, fairly independent role at the data-generating stage. Specifically, we reflect on our collaboration with three Burmese research associates in organising and implementing two arts-based workshops with participants from violence-affected communities in Myanmar’s Kachin and Rakhine states. Agai…
Knowing Through Needlework: Curating the Difficult Knowledge of Conflict Textiles
Drawing on our experience of commissioning and co-curating an exhibition of international conflict textiles – appliquéd wall-hangings (arpilleras), quilts, embroidered handkerchiefs, banners, ribbons, and mixed-media art addressing topics such as forced disappearances, military dictatorship, and drone warfare – this article introduces these textiles as bearers of knowledge for the study of war and militarized violence, and curating as a methodolo…
From expert to experiential knowledge: Exploring the inclusion of local experiences in understanding violence in conflict
Critical peace and conflict scholars argue that to understand fully conflict dynamics and possibilities for peace research should incorporate ‘the local’. Yet this important conceptual shift is bound by western concepts, while empirical explorations of ‘the local’ privilege outside experts over mechanisms for inclusion. This article explores how an epistemology drawing on feminist approaches to conflict analysis can help to redirect the focus fro…
Pictorial and spatial metaphor in the drawings of a culturally diverse group of women with fertility problems
Metaphor has been shown to be pervasive in the way people talk and write about a whole range of diseases, including infertility. Indeed, some of the most conventional of these metaphorical expressions have become so entrenched in particular discourse communities that they are used unconsciously and automatically, even by people who do not, in fact, agree with their underlying ideological implications. As the authors argue in this article, eliciti…
Knowledge production in/about conflict and intervention: Finding ‘facts’, telling ‘truth’
This article has a twofold aim. First, it discusses the contributions to the scholarly field of conflict knowledge and expertise in this special issue on Knowledge production in/about conflict and intervention: finding ‘facts’, telling ‘truth’. Second, it suggests an alternative reading of the issue’s contributions. Starting from the assumption that prevalent ways of knowing are always influenced by wider material and ideological structures at sp…
Myth and Narrative in International Politics
Academic studies-international relations (IR), security studies, political science, public policy studies, and other social sciences-are fully taken up with articulating things, ideas, events, and so on in words. Even the renewed attention to the material aspects of the social world and visual methods for studying them has not-and cannot-displace our engagement with spoken and written language as the medium through which we communicate. Such verb…
Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR
Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR
Myth in International Politics: Ideological Delusion and Necessary Fiction
Bliesemann de Guevara develops a conceptual framework for the study of myth in international politics. The chapter gives an overview of the different myth theories drawn upon in the book, with a focus on three dimensions: myths’ narrative and non-narrative forms; their sources in strategic calculation or unconscious social construction; and their effects, ranging from ideological delusion to necessary fiction. It then explores different categorie…
Journeys to the limits of first-hand knowledge: Politicians’ on-site visits in zones of conflict and intervention
This article explores the practice and political significance of politicians’ journeys to conflict zones. It focuses on the German example, looking at field trips to theatres of international intervention as a way of first-hand knowledge in policymaking. Paying tribute to Lisa Smirl and her work on humanitarian spaces, objects and imaginaries and on liminality in aid worker biographies, two connected arguments are developed. First, through the ex…
Intervention Theatre: Performance, authenticity and expert knowledge in politicians’ travel to post-/conflict spaces
This article explores the role of official travel activities by politicians to post-/conflict spaces in German foreign policymaking. Starting from the observation that official travel justifications stress the value of authentic insights and unfiltered information, while journeys in practice are meticulously planned and staged, it asks what kind of knowing is possible, how actors make sense of the staged nature of field trips, and how multiple pe…
The Political Economy of Statebuilding
A Micro-Sociology of Violence: Deciphering Patterns and Dynamics of Collective Violence
Cosmopolitanism and the culture of peacebuilding
Cosmopolitanism has been argued to be a crucial component of peacebuilding, both with regard to its aims as well as its staff. In a universalist-liberal understanding of the concept, cosmopolitanism is the optimal mind frame for peacebuilders to rebuild post-war societies, due to the tolerance, justice-orientation, and neutrality regarding local cleavages that the concept entails in theory. This article argues, however, that cosmopolitanism canno…
On methodology and myths: Exploring the International Crisis Group’s organisational culture
Exploring the historiography of the International Crisis Group (icg), this article looks critically at the narratives surrounding the organisation’s self-declared success. The focus is specifically on the so-called icg methodology, consisting of field-based research and analysis, practical policy recommendations and high-level advocacy. Combining a three-level approach to the analysis of organisational cultures with Yanow’s concept of organisatio…
Studying the International Crisis Group
This special issue studies the International Crisis Group (icg), one of the most notable and widely referenced producers of knowledge about conflict areas, used extensively by policy makers, the media and academics. The authors take different theoretical and methodological approaches to make sense of this hard-to-ignore conflict expert, exploring the icg’s daily operations and role in international politics. This introduction sets the scene by of…
Knowing Through Needlework: Curating the Difficult Knowledge of Conflict Textiles
Drawing on our experience of commissioning and co-curating an exhibition of international conflict textiles – appliquéd wall-hangings (arpilleras), quilts, embroidered handkerchiefs, banners, ribbons, and mixed-media art addressing topics such as forced disappearances, military dictatorship, and drone warfare – this article introduces these textiles as bearers of knowledge for the study of war and militarized violence, and curating as a methodolo…
Knowledge production in/about conflict and intervention: Finding ‘facts’, telling ‘truth’
This article has a twofold aim. First, it discusses the contributions to the scholarly field of conflict knowledge and expertise in this special issue on Knowledge production in/about conflict and intervention: finding ‘facts’, telling ‘truth’. Second, it suggests an alternative reading of the issue’s contributions. Starting from the assumption that prevalent ways of knowing are always influenced by wider material and ideological structures at sp…
Intervention Theatre: Performance, authenticity and expert knowledge in politicians’ travel to post-/conflict spaces
This article explores the role of official travel activities by politicians to post-/conflict spaces in German foreign policymaking. Starting from the observation that official travel justifications stress the value of authentic insights and unfiltered information, while journeys in practice are meticulously planned and staged, it asks what kind of knowing is possible, how actors make sense of the staged nature of field trips, and how multiple pe…
The International Community Needs to Act’: Loose Use and Empty Signalling of a Hackneyed Concept
When political actors and international relations scholars invoke 'the international community', the term is commonly framed very loosely. It is used either as a reference to the norms of international politics or, according to its composition, as a coalition of concerned actors. This article, by contrast, argues that it is the interplay of image and practice of the term's invocation that shapes its multi-faceted character. 'The international com…
The State in Times of Statebuilding
This article explores the effects of the contemporary politics of statebuilding on the non-western state. The main argument is that the corresponding strategies of external institution building and/or the international substitution of state functions entail contradictions that inherently limit the chances of an external strengthening of stateness. Statebuilding is constrained, first, by the statebuilders' own social logics limiting their scope an…
On Afghan footbaths and sacred cows in Kosovo: Urban Legends of Intervention
Drawing on ideas of the narrative turn in social and cultural studies, this article explores the oral, informal side of communication in contexts of international peacebuilding interventions. It takes urban legends - entertaining stories about events that supposedly happened to 'a friend of a friend' and usually contain a moral - as a methodological access road to the study of meta-narratives that underpin interveners' understandings of themselve…
Reflexivity in research teams through narrative practice and textile-making
This article discusses narrative practice and textile-making as two techniques of researcher reflexivity in diverse teams conducting qualitative-interpretive research. Specifically, it suggests definitional ceremonies-a collective structured method of storytelling and group resonances-as a useful tool to interweave diverse researchers as a team, while maintaining the plurivocity that enables deeper reflexivity. Additionally, textile-making is int…
Introduction: The Limits of Statebuilding and the Analysis of State-Formation
The 'international community' is not the only actor engaged in statebuilding processes; contemporaneously with external intervention, at national and local levels of non-Western societies other actors are also engaged in struggles to establish their own visions of a state. The results are ambiguous: the states built tend to be hybrid, combining formal modern state façades with informal ways of functioning. This essay introduces the Special Issue …
Researching with ‘Local’ Associates: Power, Trust and Data in an Interpretive Project on Communities’ Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar
This article discusses the merits and challenges of qualitative-interpretive research into violent conflict, which gives local research associates a central, fairly independent role at the data-generating stage. Specifically, we reflect on our collaboration with three Burmese research associates in organising and implementing two arts-based workshops with participants from violence-affected communities in Myanmar’s Kachin and Rakhine states. Agai…
The Mosaic of Violence – An Introduction
From expert to experiential knowledge: Exploring the inclusion of local experiences in understanding violence in conflict
Critical peace and conflict scholars argue that to understand fully conflict dynamics and possibilities for peace research should incorporate ‘the local’. Yet this important conceptual shift is bound by western concepts, while empirical explorations of ‘the local’ privilege outside experts over mechanisms for inclusion. This article explores how an epistemology drawing on feminist approaches to conflict analysis can help to redirect the focus fro…
Cosmopolitanism and the culture of peacebuilding
Cosmopolitanism has been argued to be a crucial component of peacebuilding, both with regard to its aims as well as its staff. In a universalist-liberal understanding of the concept, cosmopolitanism is the optimal mind frame for peacebuilders to rebuild post-war societies, due to the tolerance, justice-orientation, and neutrality regarding local cleavages that the concept entails in theory. This article argues, however, that cosmopolitanism canno…
Studying the International Crisis Group
This special issue studies the International Crisis Group (icg), one of the most notable and widely referenced producers of knowledge about conflict areas, used extensively by policy makers, the media and academics. The authors take different theoretical and methodological approaches to make sense of this hard-to-ignore conflict expert, exploring the icg’s daily operations and role in international politics. This introduction sets the scene by of…
Textiling World Politics: Towards an extended epistemology, methodology, and ontology
This article argues that textiling—a particular kind of making that simultaneously constitutes a concept, a metaphor, and a practice—can facilitate a radical rethinking and redoing of the study of world politics. Specifically, we suggest three ways in which textiling, and the relationality it enables, facilitates this innovation: as a different way of theorizing in the discipline of international relations (IR), as a creative method and methodolo…
Pictorial and spatial metaphor in the drawings of a culturally diverse group of women with fertility problems
Metaphor has been shown to be pervasive in the way people talk and write about a whole range of diseases, including infertility. Indeed, some of the most conventional of these metaphorical expressions have become so entrenched in particular discourse communities that they are used unconsciously and automatically, even by people who do not, in fact, agree with their underlying ideological implications. As the authors argue in this article, eliciti…
Journeys to the limits of first-hand knowledge: Politicians’ on-site visits in zones of conflict and intervention
This article explores the practice and political significance of politicians’ journeys to conflict zones. It focuses on the German example, looking at field trips to theatres of international intervention as a way of first-hand knowledge in policymaking. Paying tribute to Lisa Smirl and her work on humanitarian spaces, objects and imaginaries and on liminality in aid worker biographies, two connected arguments are developed. First, through the ex…
On methodology and myths: Exploring the International Crisis Group’s organisational culture
Exploring the historiography of the International Crisis Group (icg), this article looks critically at the narratives surrounding the organisation’s self-declared success. The focus is specifically on the so-called icg methodology, consisting of field-based research and analysis, practical policy recommendations and high-level advocacy. Combining a three-level approach to the analysis of organisational cultures with Yanow’s concept of organisatio…
The global-capitalist elephant in the room: How resilient peacebuilding hinders substantive transformation and undermines long-term peace prospects
This article reviews critical responses to recent academic debates on resilience and peacebuilding, with a focus on approaches that question the underlying logics of resilient peacebuilding in fundamental ways. It argues that, while resilience in peacebuilding lends agency and new policy direction to peacebuilding actors, enabling them to uphold the image of active global governance, this also helps to legitimize the existence and reproduction of…
Drawing Out Experiential Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar: Arts-Based Methods in Qualitative Research With Conflict-Affected Communities
This article argues that arts-based methods such as drawing are particularly useful as means to explore experiential insights into how violent conflict impacts individuals and communities in specific sociocultural contexts and shapes their views of development and peace. It illustrates this through the discussion of a drawing workshop with members of violence-affected communities in Kachin state, Myanmar. Reflecting on the workshop findings and d…
The State in Times of Statebuilding
This article explores the effects of the contemporary politics of statebuilding on the non-western state. The main argument is that the corresponding strategies of external institution building and/or the international substitution of state functions entail contradictions that inherently limit the chances of an external strengthening of stateness. Statebuilding is constrained, first, by the statebuilders' own social logics limiting their scope an…
The Mosaic of Violence – An Introduction
Introduction: The Limits of Statebuilding and the Analysis of State-Formation
The 'international community' is not the only actor engaged in statebuilding processes; contemporaneously with external intervention, at national and local levels of non-Western societies other actors are also engaged in struggles to establish their own visions of a state. The results are ambiguous: the states built tend to be hybrid, combining formal modern state façades with informal ways of functioning. This essay introduces the Special Issue …
The International Community Needs to Act’: Loose Use and Empty Signalling of a Hackneyed Concept
When political actors and international relations scholars invoke 'the international community', the term is commonly framed very loosely. It is used either as a reference to the norms of international politics or, according to its composition, as a coalition of concerned actors. This article, by contrast, argues that it is the interplay of image and practice of the term's invocation that shapes its multi-faceted character. 'The international com…
A Micro-Sociology of Violence: Deciphering Patterns and Dynamics of Collective Violence
Cosmopolitanism and the culture of peacebuilding
Cosmopolitanism has been argued to be a crucial component of peacebuilding, both with regard to its aims as well as its staff. In a universalist-liberal understanding of the concept, cosmopolitanism is the optimal mind frame for peacebuilders to rebuild post-war societies, due to the tolerance, justice-orientation, and neutrality regarding local cleavages that the concept entails in theory. This article argues, however, that cosmopolitanism canno…
On methodology and myths: Exploring the International Crisis Group’s organisational culture
Exploring the historiography of the International Crisis Group (icg), this article looks critically at the narratives surrounding the organisation’s self-declared success. The focus is specifically on the so-called icg methodology, consisting of field-based research and analysis, practical policy recommendations and high-level advocacy. Combining a three-level approach to the analysis of organisational cultures with Yanow’s concept of organisatio…
Studying the International Crisis Group
This special issue studies the International Crisis Group (icg), one of the most notable and widely referenced producers of knowledge about conflict areas, used extensively by policy makers, the media and academics. The authors take different theoretical and methodological approaches to make sense of this hard-to-ignore conflict expert, exploring the icg’s daily operations and role in international politics. This introduction sets the scene by of…
Micro-Sociology of Violence: Deciphering Patterns and Dynamics of Collective Violence
On Afghan footbaths and sacred cows in Kosovo: Urban Legends of Intervention
Drawing on ideas of the narrative turn in social and cultural studies, this article explores the oral, informal side of communication in contexts of international peacebuilding interventions. It takes urban legends - entertaining stories about events that supposedly happened to 'a friend of a friend' and usually contain a moral - as a methodological access road to the study of meta-narratives that underpin interveners' understandings of themselve…
The Political Economy of Statebuilding
Myth and Narrative in International Politics
Academic studies-international relations (IR), security studies, political science, public policy studies, and other social sciences-are fully taken up with articulating things, ideas, events, and so on in words. Even the renewed attention to the material aspects of the social world and visual methods for studying them has not-and cannot-displace our engagement with spoken and written language as the medium through which we communicate. Such verb…
Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR
Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR
Myth in International Politics: Ideological Delusion and Necessary Fiction
Bliesemann de Guevara develops a conceptual framework for the study of myth in international politics. The chapter gives an overview of the different myth theories drawn upon in the book, with a focus on three dimensions: myths’ narrative and non-narrative forms; their sources in strategic calculation or unconscious social construction; and their effects, ranging from ideological delusion to necessary fiction. It then explores different categorie…
Journeys to the limits of first-hand knowledge: Politicians’ on-site visits in zones of conflict and intervention
This article explores the practice and political significance of politicians’ journeys to conflict zones. It focuses on the German example, looking at field trips to theatres of international intervention as a way of first-hand knowledge in policymaking. Paying tribute to Lisa Smirl and her work on humanitarian spaces, objects and imaginaries and on liminality in aid worker biographies, two connected arguments are developed. First, through the ex…
Intervention Theatre: Performance, authenticity and expert knowledge in politicians’ travel to post-/conflict spaces
This article explores the role of official travel activities by politicians to post-/conflict spaces in German foreign policymaking. Starting from the observation that official travel justifications stress the value of authentic insights and unfiltered information, while journeys in practice are meticulously planned and staged, it asks what kind of knowing is possible, how actors make sense of the staged nature of field trips, and how multiple pe…
Knowledge production in/about conflict and intervention: Finding ‘facts’, telling ‘truth’
This article has a twofold aim. First, it discusses the contributions to the scholarly field of conflict knowledge and expertise in this special issue on Knowledge production in/about conflict and intervention: finding ‘facts’, telling ‘truth’. Second, it suggests an alternative reading of the issue’s contributions. Starting from the assumption that prevalent ways of knowing are always influenced by wider material and ideological structures at sp…
Pictorial and spatial metaphor in the drawings of a culturally diverse group of women with fertility problems
Metaphor has been shown to be pervasive in the way people talk and write about a whole range of diseases, including infertility. Indeed, some of the most conventional of these metaphorical expressions have become so entrenched in particular discourse communities that they are used unconsciously and automatically, even by people who do not, in fact, agree with their underlying ideological implications. As the authors argue in this article, eliciti…
From expert to experiential knowledge: Exploring the inclusion of local experiences in understanding violence in conflict
Critical peace and conflict scholars argue that to understand fully conflict dynamics and possibilities for peace research should incorporate ‘the local’. Yet this important conceptual shift is bound by western concepts, while empirical explorations of ‘the local’ privilege outside experts over mechanisms for inclusion. This article explores how an epistemology drawing on feminist approaches to conflict analysis can help to redirect the focus fro…
Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts
Using insights from those with first-hand experience of conducting research in areas of international intervention and conflict across the world, this book provides essential practical guidance, discussion of mistakes, key reflections and raises important questions for researchers and students embarking on fieldwork in violent and closed contexts. Chapters detail personal experiences from areas including the Congo, Sudan, Yemen, Bosnia and Herzeg…
Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts
Using detailed insights from those with first-hand experience of conducting research in areas of international intervention and conflict, this handbook provides essential practical guidance for researchers and students embarking on fieldwork in violent, repressive and closed contexts. Contributors detail their own experiences from areas including the Congo, Sudan, Yemen, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Myanmar, inviting readers into their reflections …
Researching with ‘Local’ Associates: Power, Trust and Data in an Interpretive Project on Communities’ Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar
This article discusses the merits and challenges of qualitative-interpretive research into violent conflict, which gives local research associates a central, fairly independent role at the data-generating stage. Specifically, we reflect on our collaboration with three Burmese research associates in organising and implementing two arts-based workshops with participants from violence-affected communities in Myanmar’s Kachin and Rakhine states. Agai…
Knowing Through Needlework: Curating the Difficult Knowledge of Conflict Textiles
Drawing on our experience of commissioning and co-curating an exhibition of international conflict textiles – appliquéd wall-hangings (arpilleras), quilts, embroidered handkerchiefs, banners, ribbons, and mixed-media art addressing topics such as forced disappearances, military dictatorship, and drone warfare – this article introduces these textiles as bearers of knowledge for the study of war and militarized violence, and curating as a methodolo…
Drawing Out Experiential Conflict Knowledge in Myanmar: Arts-Based Methods in Qualitative Research With Conflict-Affected Communities
This article argues that arts-based methods such as drawing are particularly useful as means to explore experiential insights into how violent conflict impacts individuals and communities in specific sociocultural contexts and shapes their views of development and peace. It illustrates this through the discussion of a drawing workshop with members of violence-affected communities in Kachin state, Myanmar. Reflecting on the workshop findings and d…
Political science (21 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Law (17 works) · Peacebuilding and International Security (17 works) · Law (13 works) · Politics (13 works) · Epistemology (9 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Public relations (8 works) · International Relations and Foreign Policy (7 works)