Luke A Turnock
Biographic Data
| ID | 3570587 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Luke A Turnock |
| GIVEN NAMES | Luke A |
| FAMILY NAME | Turnock |
| SIGNATURE | TURNOCK L A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lincoln |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4928-1945 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 12 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 12 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 12 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
GLP-1 weight-loss medicine and Retatrutide use for anabolic effects among online weight trainers: Cultural understandings of risk
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) have rapidly transitioned from treatments for type 2 diabetes to widely used weight-loss medications. While compounds such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide are clinically approved, the experimental triple-agonist Retatrutide has begun circulating through illicit online markets. Despite growing clinical research on their metabolic effects, little is known about how these substances are being incorpo…
Anabolic steroid coaching certification in India: The role of capital in digital fitness spaces
Background Anabolic androgenic steroid coaches (ASCs) provide tailored drug-related advice to clients for a fee. While ASCs operate worldwide, the scant and emerging research available has largely focused on ASCs within a Western context, overlooking the Global South. This exploratory study aimed to investigate ASCs further, specifically in India, where anecdotal evidence suggests an ASC “boom.”Method A digital ethnography was conducted over a 12…
If you find me on the floor, stick some sugar in my mouth: The social production (and protection) of insulin risk among Iped communities
Introduction Insulin is used among image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) communities for its anabolic effects, but its use carries significant risks, with the acute danger being hypoglycaemia, which can be life-threatening if not properly managed. Within these communities, harm reduction practices and informal peer knowledge exchange play a critical role in the way substances are consumed. This qualitative study sought to understand these c…
‘The general concept is a safer use approach’: How image and performance enhancing drug coaches negotiate safety through community care
Background Drug coaches are a novel extension of traditional personal trainers who play a significant role providing support and shaping drug-related behaviours for people who use image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). They constitute a critical domain for everyday risk management, where substance use, and its associated harms are influenced by social exchange. This study investigated how IPED coaches negotiate safety within the community…
Off-label GLP-1 weight-loss medicine use among online bodybuilders: Folk pharmacology, risk and harm reduction
We examine the likely implications of these findings for public health, with particular reference to the practices of 'cycling' and 'stacking' GLP medicines and the risk this presents, particularly when combined with drugs such as AAS and far burners. We discuss the need for harm reduction services such as drug testing services, and the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of anti-ageing motivations for use among older men. Continued res…
“Emerging anabolic androgenic steroid markets; the prominence of social media”
Background There have been notable shifts in the acquisition of anabolic androgenic steroids over time, with face-to-face (within gyms) and online supply (e.g. internet forums, crypto-markets/darknet, and pharmacies) being popular locations to source and acquire these drugs. Fresh evidence suggests that social media facilitates the supply of anabolic androgenic steroids, however, no study has exclusively examined this phenomenon.Aim and method Th…
The Ipeds assemblage: Tracing the entanglements of biomedicine, technology, enhancement and anti-doping policies in sport and society
The US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) and Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) recently ended their anti-doping partnership amidst controversy. We treat this decision, and the motivations underpinning it, as a means of exploring the complexities of anti-doping norms and the blurred lines between image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use in sport and wider society. Drawing ideas from assemblage thinking, we analyse the evolving power dynamics su…
Big business: The private sector market for image and performance enhancing drug harm reduction in the UK
This article draws on three mutually independent ethnographic studies to explore the private sector market for image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) harm reduction in the UK, specifically examining (1) steroid accessory supplements; (2) blood testing services; and (3) bloodletting services. After contextualising the work with a discussion of IPED use and harm reduction and the substantial growth of the global health and fitness industry, ea…
Exploring the Impacts of Rurality on Service Access and Harm Among Image and Performance Enhancing Drug (Iped) Users in a Remote English Region
Image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) have been highlighted in recent years as posing a potential risk to public health, with much research dedicated to exploring the use of these drugs and associated harms. While recent work has considered harm reduction for IPED users, the geographic and cultural impacts of rurality on IPED use and harms, particularly in relation to harm reduction service access, remains comparatively under-explored. Fe…
Post-industrial masculinities and gym culture: Graft, craft, and fraternity
This article theorizes a link between contemporary masculinity in post-industrial spaces and 'hardcore' gym culture. Over the last three decades the health and fitness industry has grown exponentially, with bodily modification and the proliferation of gymnasia, health supplements and wearable fitness trackers now a dominant means by which many construct their identities. Simultaneously, the onset of wholesale neoliberalism, which has caused large…
There's a difference between tolerance and acceptance’: Exploring women's experiences of barriers to access in UK gyms
Weight-bearing and moderate intensity exercise are increasingly recognised as important to wellbeing, yet women have been shown to participate in these activities at lower rates than men. With gym training a primary means of engaging in these health-promoting activities, one way in which disparities in exercise participation may be addressed is through understanding of women's experiences accessing gym spaces, and barriers to participation experi…
Rural gym spaces and masculine physical cultures in an ‘age of change’: Rurality, masculinity, inequalities and harm in ‘the gym’
Post-industrial masculinities and gym culture: Graft, craft, and fraternity
This article theorizes a link between contemporary masculinity in post-industrial spaces and 'hardcore' gym culture. Over the last three decades the health and fitness industry has grown exponentially, with bodily modification and the proliferation of gymnasia, health supplements and wearable fitness trackers now a dominant means by which many construct their identities. Simultaneously, the onset of wholesale neoliberalism, which has caused large…
Rural gym spaces and masculine physical cultures in an ‘age of change’: Rurality, masculinity, inequalities and harm in ‘the gym’
Exploring the Impacts of Rurality on Service Access and Harm Among Image and Performance Enhancing Drug (Iped) Users in a Remote English Region
Image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) have been highlighted in recent years as posing a potential risk to public health, with much research dedicated to exploring the use of these drugs and associated harms. While recent work has considered harm reduction for IPED users, the geographic and cultural impacts of rurality on IPED use and harms, particularly in relation to harm reduction service access, remains comparatively under-explored. Fe…
There's a difference between tolerance and acceptance’: Exploring women's experiences of barriers to access in UK gyms
Weight-bearing and moderate intensity exercise are increasingly recognised as important to wellbeing, yet women have been shown to participate in these activities at lower rates than men. With gym training a primary means of engaging in these health-promoting activities, one way in which disparities in exercise participation may be addressed is through understanding of women's experiences accessing gym spaces, and barriers to participation experi…
Rural gym spaces and masculine physical cultures in an ‘age of change’: Rurality, masculinity, inequalities and harm in ‘the gym’
Post-industrial masculinities and gym culture: Graft, craft, and fraternity
This article theorizes a link between contemporary masculinity in post-industrial spaces and 'hardcore' gym culture. Over the last three decades the health and fitness industry has grown exponentially, with bodily modification and the proliferation of gymnasia, health supplements and wearable fitness trackers now a dominant means by which many construct their identities. Simultaneously, the onset of wholesale neoliberalism, which has caused large…
Big business: The private sector market for image and performance enhancing drug harm reduction in the UK
This article draws on three mutually independent ethnographic studies to explore the private sector market for image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) harm reduction in the UK, specifically examining (1) steroid accessory supplements; (2) blood testing services; and (3) bloodletting services. After contextualising the work with a discussion of IPED use and harm reduction and the substantial growth of the global health and fitness industry, ea…
Exploring the Impacts of Rurality on Service Access and Harm Among Image and Performance Enhancing Drug (Iped) Users in a Remote English Region
Image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) have been highlighted in recent years as posing a potential risk to public health, with much research dedicated to exploring the use of these drugs and associated harms. While recent work has considered harm reduction for IPED users, the geographic and cultural impacts of rurality on IPED use and harms, particularly in relation to harm reduction service access, remains comparatively under-explored. Fe…
“Emerging anabolic androgenic steroid markets; the prominence of social media”
Background There have been notable shifts in the acquisition of anabolic androgenic steroids over time, with face-to-face (within gyms) and online supply (e.g. internet forums, crypto-markets/darknet, and pharmacies) being popular locations to source and acquire these drugs. Fresh evidence suggests that social media facilitates the supply of anabolic androgenic steroids, however, no study has exclusively examined this phenomenon.Aim and method Th…
The Ipeds assemblage: Tracing the entanglements of biomedicine, technology, enhancement and anti-doping policies in sport and society
The US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) and Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) recently ended their anti-doping partnership amidst controversy. We treat this decision, and the motivations underpinning it, as a means of exploring the complexities of anti-doping norms and the blurred lines between image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use in sport and wider society. Drawing ideas from assemblage thinking, we analyse the evolving power dynamics su…
‘The general concept is a safer use approach’: How image and performance enhancing drug coaches negotiate safety through community care
Background Drug coaches are a novel extension of traditional personal trainers who play a significant role providing support and shaping drug-related behaviours for people who use image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). They constitute a critical domain for everyday risk management, where substance use, and its associated harms are influenced by social exchange. This study investigated how IPED coaches negotiate safety within the community…
Off-label GLP-1 weight-loss medicine use among online bodybuilders: Folk pharmacology, risk and harm reduction
We examine the likely implications of these findings for public health, with particular reference to the practices of 'cycling' and 'stacking' GLP medicines and the risk this presents, particularly when combined with drugs such as AAS and far burners. We discuss the need for harm reduction services such as drug testing services, and the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of anti-ageing motivations for use among older men. Continued res…
GLP-1 weight-loss medicine and Retatrutide use for anabolic effects among online weight trainers: Cultural understandings of risk
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) have rapidly transitioned from treatments for type 2 diabetes to widely used weight-loss medications. While compounds such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide are clinically approved, the experimental triple-agonist Retatrutide has begun circulating through illicit online markets. Despite growing clinical research on their metabolic effects, little is known about how these substances are being incorpo…
Anabolic steroid coaching certification in India: The role of capital in digital fitness spaces
Background Anabolic androgenic steroid coaches (ASCs) provide tailored drug-related advice to clients for a fee. While ASCs operate worldwide, the scant and emerging research available has largely focused on ASCs within a Western context, overlooking the Global South. This exploratory study aimed to investigate ASCs further, specifically in India, where anecdotal evidence suggests an ASC “boom.”Method A digital ethnography was conducted over a 12…
If you find me on the floor, stick some sugar in my mouth: The social production (and protection) of insulin risk among Iped communities
Introduction Insulin is used among image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) communities for its anabolic effects, but its use carries significant risks, with the acute danger being hypoglycaemia, which can be life-threatening if not properly managed. Within these communities, harm reduction practices and informal peer knowledge exchange play a critical role in the way substances are consumed. This qualitative study sought to understand these c…
Medicine (10 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Political science (7 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Business (5 works) · Harm (4 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (4 works) · Public relations (4 works) · Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology (4 works)