Virginia L Lam
Biographic Data
| ID | 3572416 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Virginia L Lam |
| GIVEN NAMES | Virginia L |
| FAMILY NAME | Lam |
| SIGNATURE | LAM V L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of East London |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8408-3664 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 8 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 31 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 8 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Growing up bilingual through a pandemic
Aims and objectives: There were already calls for more longitudinal research on younger bilinguals before the COVID-19 pandemic, which added another layer of complexity to their development. This study followed the language and social-developmental outcomes of primary-school pupils before and after the pandemic lockdowns, specifically examining changes in language exposure and proficiency and social identities and competences. Design and methodol…
Growing up bilingual
The UK is linguistically rich but faces a reducing uptake of language learning in schools, as pupils feel more withdrawn and disinterested in learning an additional language to English. A key component in many linguistic minority communities to preserve their language is complementary schooling (CS), which has wide-ranging educational and societal implications. This study compared social developmental outcomes and patterns among bilingual childre…
Attitudes toward and inferred beliefs for religious ingroup/outgroup members
The post-9/11 era has seen a surge in writings on “Muslim” issues in the West, but little is known about Muslim children's perspectives. Attitudes toward, and beliefs about, the religious ingroup and outgroup were examined in the present study with 5–6-year-old Muslims of Pakistani heritage in the United Kingdom (UK) and Saudi Arabia (SA). Participants completed trait attribution and liking tasks and answered questions on God beliefs and religiou…
Animals, Superman, Fairy and God
There have been major developments in the understanding of children’s nonhuman concepts, particularly God concepts, within the past two decades, with a body of cross-cultural studies accumulating. Relatively less research has studied those of non-Christian faiths or children’s concepts of popular occult characters. This paper describes two studies, one in Spain and one in England, examining 5- to 10-year-olds’ human and nonhuman agent beliefs. Bo…
Young children's racial awareness and affect and their perceptions about mothers’ racial affect in a multiracial context
There is a substantial literature documenting pre-schoolers' racial awareness and affect from multiracial societies in North America and a fast-growing body of work from societies that are or were once more racially homogeneous. However, studies in Britain, a racially diverse society, on this developmental period have been curiously rare. This study examined racial awareness and affect of 125 White, Black, and Asian 3--to 5-year-olds in London. C…
African and Caribbean adolescents in Britain
n Ethnic and national identities of 11-16-year-old British Africans and Caribbeans were examined by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney 1992) and Britishness questionnaire (Barrett 2000). Adolescents ranked ethnicity as more important than age, gender or nationality, stereotyped Caribbeans/Africans more positively than British, and derived more pride from ethnicity than nationality. England was the least popular answer to ?where are y…
Children's Gender‐ and Ethnicity‐based Reasoning about Foods
This article reports two studies that investigated the ways in which children use gender and ethnicity for making judgments about food choice. In Study 1, White and Asian 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds (M = 7.37) were asked to rate how much they and others would like novel non‐stereotyped foods. White children inferred that girls and White others would like the foods more than boys and Asian others would. An ‘ethnocentric’ pattern was found where children in…
The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on Children's Inferences About Toy Choice
By 4–5 years of age children can make gender‐congruent inferences about toys. Not only do they respond differentially to gender labels attached to toys, even without such labels they make inferences about toy choice that reflect an awareness of and identification with their gender in‐group. However it is unclear how far inferences about toy choice extend to other aspects of a child's social identity. The present study explored the influence of bo…
Young children's racial awareness and affect and their perceptions about mothers’ racial affect in a multiracial context
There is a substantial literature documenting pre-schoolers' racial awareness and affect from multiracial societies in North America and a fast-growing body of work from societies that are or were once more racially homogeneous. However, studies in Britain, a racially diverse society, on this developmental period have been curiously rare. This study examined racial awareness and affect of 125 White, Black, and Asian 3--to 5-year-olds in London. C…
African and Caribbean adolescents in Britain
n Ethnic and national identities of 11-16-year-old British Africans and Caribbeans were examined by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney 1992) and Britishness questionnaire (Barrett 2000). Adolescents ranked ethnicity as more important than age, gender or nationality, stereotyped Caribbeans/Africans more positively than British, and derived more pride from ethnicity than nationality. England was the least popular answer to ?where are y…
The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on Children's Inferences About Toy Choice
By 4–5 years of age children can make gender‐congruent inferences about toys. Not only do they respond differentially to gender labels attached to toys, even without such labels they make inferences about toy choice that reflect an awareness of and identification with their gender in‐group. However it is unclear how far inferences about toy choice extend to other aspects of a child's social identity. The present study explored the influence of bo…
Children's Gender‐ and Ethnicity‐based Reasoning about Foods
This article reports two studies that investigated the ways in which children use gender and ethnicity for making judgments about food choice. In Study 1, White and Asian 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds (M = 7.37) were asked to rate how much they and others would like novel non‐stereotyped foods. White children inferred that girls and White others would like the foods more than boys and Asian others would. An ‘ethnocentric’ pattern was found where children in…
Animals, Superman, Fairy and God
There have been major developments in the understanding of children’s nonhuman concepts, particularly God concepts, within the past two decades, with a body of cross-cultural studies accumulating. Relatively less research has studied those of non-Christian faiths or children’s concepts of popular occult characters. This paper describes two studies, one in Spain and one in England, examining 5- to 10-year-olds’ human and nonhuman agent beliefs. Bo…
The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on Children's Inferences About Toy Choice
By 4–5 years of age children can make gender‐congruent inferences about toys. Not only do they respond differentially to gender labels attached to toys, even without such labels they make inferences about toy choice that reflect an awareness of and identification with their gender in‐group. However it is unclear how far inferences about toy choice extend to other aspects of a child's social identity. The present study explored the influence of bo…
Children's Gender‐ and Ethnicity‐based Reasoning about Foods
This article reports two studies that investigated the ways in which children use gender and ethnicity for making judgments about food choice. In Study 1, White and Asian 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds (M = 7.37) were asked to rate how much they and others would like novel non‐stereotyped foods. White children inferred that girls and White others would like the foods more than boys and Asian others would. An ‘ethnocentric’ pattern was found where children in…
African and Caribbean adolescents in Britain
n Ethnic and national identities of 11-16-year-old British Africans and Caribbeans were examined by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney 1992) and Britishness questionnaire (Barrett 2000). Adolescents ranked ethnicity as more important than age, gender or nationality, stereotyped Caribbeans/Africans more positively than British, and derived more pride from ethnicity than nationality. England was the least popular answer to ?where are y…
Young children's racial awareness and affect and their perceptions about mothers’ racial affect in a multiracial context
There is a substantial literature documenting pre-schoolers' racial awareness and affect from multiracial societies in North America and a fast-growing body of work from societies that are or were once more racially homogeneous. However, studies in Britain, a racially diverse society, on this developmental period have been curiously rare. This study examined racial awareness and affect of 125 White, Black, and Asian 3--to 5-year-olds in London. C…
Attitudes toward and inferred beliefs for religious ingroup/outgroup members
The post-9/11 era has seen a surge in writings on “Muslim” issues in the West, but little is known about Muslim children's perspectives. Attitudes toward, and beliefs about, the religious ingroup and outgroup were examined in the present study with 5–6-year-old Muslims of Pakistani heritage in the United Kingdom (UK) and Saudi Arabia (SA). Participants completed trait attribution and liking tasks and answered questions on God beliefs and religiou…
Animals, Superman, Fairy and God
There have been major developments in the understanding of children’s nonhuman concepts, particularly God concepts, within the past two decades, with a body of cross-cultural studies accumulating. Relatively less research has studied those of non-Christian faiths or children’s concepts of popular occult characters. This paper describes two studies, one in Spain and one in England, examining 5- to 10-year-olds’ human and nonhuman agent beliefs. Bo…
Growing up bilingual
The UK is linguistically rich but faces a reducing uptake of language learning in schools, as pupils feel more withdrawn and disinterested in learning an additional language to English. A key component in many linguistic minority communities to preserve their language is complementary schooling (CS), which has wide-ranging educational and societal implications. This study compared social developmental outcomes and patterns among bilingual childre…
Growing up bilingual through a pandemic
Aims and objectives: There were already calls for more longitudinal research on younger bilinguals before the COVID-19 pandemic, which added another layer of complexity to their development. This study followed the language and social-developmental outcomes of primary-school pupils before and after the pandemic lockdowns, specifically examining changes in language exposure and proficiency and social identities and competences. Design and methodol…
Psychology (7 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Ethnic group (4 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (4 works) · Social Psychology (4 works) · Social Psychology (4 works) · Sociology (4 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (3 works) · White (mutation (3 works) · Anthropology (2 works)