Lars R Bergman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3577252 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lars R Bergman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lars R |
| FAMILY NAME | Bergman |
| SIGNATURE | BERGMAN L R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stockholm University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 74 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Developmental Systems Theory and the Person-Oriented Approach: Commentary on: An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb’s Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetic…
Predicting Life Satisfaction During Middle Adulthood from Peer Relationships During Mid-Adolescence
The role of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood. Data from age 13 (N = 1,092) and adult age (age 43 for women, N = 569 and age 47 for men, N = 393) were taken from the Swedish longitudinal research program entitled "Individual Development and Adaptation." In line with previous research, task persistence was f…
Associations between IQ and cigarette smoking among Swedish male twins
Inferential Aspects of Longitudinal Data in Studying Developmental Problems
Problems in making inferences from a sample to a population and from one cohort to other cohorts are discussed. It is concluded that in most cases a longitudinal design using repeated measures is preferable to an independent samples design. Special attention is given to the often occurring large drop-out, and a simple regression analytical approach for estimating the mean of the drop-out group is indicated
Bloom’s Developmental Formula
Predictors and outcomes of persistent or age‐limited registered criminal behavior: A 30‐year longitudinal study of a Swedish urban population
This study uses data from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation, where an entire school‐grade cohort of children in a middle‐size Swedish city ( n ∼1.300) has been followed from ages 10 to 43 and 48 for women and men, respectively. Our findings indicate that the patterns of offending across the life‐course differ between genders, where males seem to initiate their offending earlier than females. Further, there ar…
Person-orientation in person–situation research
Mediation and Causality at the Individual Level
Stability and Change in Health-Related Behaviors of Midlife Swedish Women
We investigated the dimensions and stability in health-related behaviors (HRBs) among midlife Swedish women, and the factors that predicted change in those behaviors. At age 43, 569 women from a representative longitudinal sample completed questionnaires about lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol) and participated in medical screening. Four years later we mailed a follow-up questionnaire. HRBs clustered in two dimensions: healthy eating an…
The Person-Oriented Versus the Variable-Oriented Approach: Are They Complementary, Opposites, or Exploring Different Worlds?
The present commentary gives a brief overview of the person-oriented and variable- oriented approaches, how they are commonly used in longitudinal research, and what one should take into consideration before using either approach. In addition to presenting an empirical example on girls’ adjustment problems using both approaches, this commentary uses the contributions in the present issue of Merrill Palmer Quarterly to illustrate some of the main …
Perspectives on determinants of social welfare: Introduction
Perspectives on determinants of social welfare: Commentary
In this commentary we discuss and elaborate on a number of topics that have been raised in the articles in this issue. The first topic treated is causality. All scientists are aware of the difficulties of making causal inferences in non‐experimental settings, and in many cases arguments are forwarded that support the causal interpretation of the reported relationships. Questions of bi‐directional causality, nonlinear relationships and the importa…
The importance of social circumstances for Swedish women's subjective wellbeing
The importance of social circumstances for middle‐age women's general subjective wellbeing (SWB) was investigated in a representative sample of Swedish women, aged 43 (N = 369). The results showed non‐existent to moderate relationships between a number of social circumstances variables and general SWB. The strongest relationship was found between marital status and global life satisfaction. Being off work because of illness and household income w…
Why has the Nordic electricity market worked so well
Eating Problems and Their Risk Factors: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of a Population Sample of Norwegian Adolescent Girls
Behavioral Profiles in 4?5 year-old Children: Normal and Pathological Variants
Studying individual Development in An interindividual Context: A Person-oriented Approach
During the last decade there has been increased awareness of the limitations of standard approaches to the study of development. When the focus is on variables and relationships, the individual is easily lost. This book describes an alternative, person-oriented approach in which the focus is on the individual as a functioning whole. The authors take as their theoretical starting points the holistic-interactionistic research paradigm expounded by …
Eating Problems and the Self-Concept: Results Based on a Representative Sample of Norwegian Adolescent Girls
A Person Approach in Research on Adolescence: Some Methodological Challenges
Research on adolescence has to face a number of methodological challenges, which tend to be particularly relevant for studies concerning this period of life. Some of these issues are addressed in this article. First, a metatheoretical perspective is introduced in the form of the person approach, which is based on the holistic-interactionistic research paradigm. In a person approach the individual as a “functioning whole” is central and not the va…
Problems and Methods in Longitudinal Research: Stability and Change
1. Studying individual development: problems and method 2. Modeling individual and average human growth data from childhood to adulthood 3. Intraindividual variability in older adults' depression scores: some implications for developmental theory and longitudinal research 4. Now you see it, now you don't - some considerations on multiple regression 5. Differential development of health in a life-span perspective 6. Assessing of change in a cohort…
You Can't Classify All of the People All of the Time
When performing a classification study, it is sometimes a sound strategy not to classify all subjects but to leave a residue of unclassified entities to be analyzed separately. Starting from an interactional paradigm, theoretical reasons for this approach were given. A procedure, RESIDAN, for carrying out a classification analysis using a residue was presented and empirical results for two data sets were given, both of which indicated that belong…
Exacon: A Fortran 77 Program for the Exact Analysis of Single Cells in a Contingency Table
A program named EXACON is presented which performs exact cellwise analyses of two-way contingency tables. EXACON is written in FORTRAN 77 and is interactive. One-tailed probabilities are computed for the observed frequency of each cell according to two different probability models, one being Fisher's exact test for a 2 x 2 table. Despite the fact that exact probabilities are computed, EXACON does not demand much computer time even for fairly larg…
Type A behavior: A longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood
In a longitudinal study of a sample of Swedish males and females (n = 170), Type A-related behavior at age 13 was related to the scores on an abbreviated Type A scale based on JAS which was administered when the same subjects were 27 years old. Aggression, Motor Hyperactivity, Overambition, and Overachievement measured at age 13 were used as predictors in a multiple regression analysis, with Type A score at age 27 as the dependent variable. The f…
Energy and Economic Adjustment
A Person Approach in Research on Adolescence: Some Methodological Challenges
Research on adolescence has to face a number of methodological challenges, which tend to be particularly relevant for studies concerning this period of life. Some of these issues are addressed in this article. First, a metatheoretical perspective is introduced in the form of the person approach, which is based on the holistic-interactionistic research paradigm. In a person approach the individual as a “functioning whole” is central and not the va…
The role of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood. Data from age 13 (N = 1,092) and adult age (age 43 for women, N = 569 and age 47 for men, N = 393) were taken from the Swedish longitudinal research program entitled "Individual Development and Adaptation." In line with previous research, task persistence was f…
Predictors and outcomes of persistent or age‐limited registered criminal behavior: A 30‐year longitudinal study of a Swedish urban population
This study uses data from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation, where an entire school‐grade cohort of children in a middle‐size Swedish city ( n ∼1.300) has been followed from ages 10 to 43 and 48 for women and men, respectively. Our findings indicate that the patterns of offending across the life‐course differ between genders, where males seem to initiate their offending earlier than females. Further, there ar…
Predicting Life Satisfaction During Middle Adulthood from Peer Relationships During Mid-Adolescence
The importance of social circumstances for Swedish women's subjective wellbeing
The importance of social circumstances for middle‐age women's general subjective wellbeing (SWB) was investigated in a representative sample of Swedish women, aged 43 (N = 369). The results showed non‐existent to moderate relationships between a number of social circumstances variables and general SWB. The strongest relationship was found between marital status and global life satisfaction. Being off work because of illness and household income w…
Mediation and Causality at the Individual Level
Associations between IQ and cigarette smoking among Swedish male twins
Eating Problems and Their Risk Factors: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of a Population Sample of Norwegian Adolescent Girls
Eating Problems and the Self-Concept: Results Based on a Representative Sample of Norwegian Adolescent Girls
A Longitudinal Factor Model For Studying Change In Ability Structure
Models of the Longitudinal Factor Analysis type were designed to describe the development of ability structure between the ages 10 and 13. The parameters of the models were estimated by the LISREL program (Jöreskog & van Thillo, 1973). The sample comprised 375 girls and 353 boys who were tested at age 10 and retested at age 13 with six ability tests and two achievement tests. The results indicate that verbal, inductive, and spatial abilities can …
Overachievement and Catecholamine Excretion in an Achievement-Demanding Situation
We have studied the relationship between overachievement (defined as high school achievement in relation to intelligence) and catecholamine output (adrenaline and noradrenaline). The subjects were 176 children aged 13 yr. Adrenaline and noradrenaline excretions were measured in (1) a neutral situation (attending a nonexciting film), and (2) in an achievement-demanding situation. In the achievement-demanding situation, overachieving boys had much …
Energy and Economic Adjustment
Type A behavior: A longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood
In a longitudinal study of a sample of Swedish males and females (n = 170), Type A-related behavior at age 13 was related to the scores on an abbreviated Type A scale based on JAS which was administered when the same subjects were 27 years old. Aggression, Motor Hyperactivity, Overambition, and Overachievement measured at age 13 were used as predictors in a multiple regression analysis, with Type A score at age 27 as the dependent variable. The f…
Exacon: A Fortran 77 Program for the Exact Analysis of Single Cells in a Contingency Table
A program named EXACON is presented which performs exact cellwise analyses of two-way contingency tables. EXACON is written in FORTRAN 77 and is interactive. One-tailed probabilities are computed for the observed frequency of each cell according to two different probability models, one being Fisher's exact test for a 2 x 2 table. Despite the fact that exact probabilities are computed, EXACON does not demand much computer time even for fairly larg…
You Can't Classify All of the People All of the Time
When performing a classification study, it is sometimes a sound strategy not to classify all subjects but to leave a residue of unclassified entities to be analyzed separately. Starting from an interactional paradigm, theoretical reasons for this approach were given. A procedure, RESIDAN, for carrying out a classification analysis using a residue was presented and empirical results for two data sets were given, both of which indicated that belong…
Problems and Methods in Longitudinal Research: Stability and Change
1. Studying individual development: problems and method 2. Modeling individual and average human growth data from childhood to adulthood 3. Intraindividual variability in older adults' depression scores: some implications for developmental theory and longitudinal research 4. Now you see it, now you don't - some considerations on multiple regression 5. Differential development of health in a life-span perspective 6. Assessing of change in a cohort…
A Person Approach in Research on Adolescence: Some Methodological Challenges
Research on adolescence has to face a number of methodological challenges, which tend to be particularly relevant for studies concerning this period of life. Some of these issues are addressed in this article. First, a metatheoretical perspective is introduced in the form of the person approach, which is based on the holistic-interactionistic research paradigm. In a person approach the individual as a “functioning whole” is central and not the va…
Studying individual Development in An interindividual Context: A Person-oriented Approach
During the last decade there has been increased awareness of the limitations of standard approaches to the study of development. When the focus is on variables and relationships, the individual is easily lost. This book describes an alternative, person-oriented approach in which the focus is on the individual as a functioning whole. The authors take as their theoretical starting points the holistic-interactionistic research paradigm expounded by …
Eating Problems and the Self-Concept: Results Based on a Representative Sample of Norwegian Adolescent Girls
Behavioral Profiles in 4?5 year-old Children: Normal and Pathological Variants
Eating Problems and Their Risk Factors: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of a Population Sample of Norwegian Adolescent Girls
The Person-Oriented Versus the Variable-Oriented Approach: Are They Complementary, Opposites, or Exploring Different Worlds?
The present commentary gives a brief overview of the person-oriented and variable- oriented approaches, how they are commonly used in longitudinal research, and what one should take into consideration before using either approach. In addition to presenting an empirical example on girls’ adjustment problems using both approaches, this commentary uses the contributions in the present issue of Merrill Palmer Quarterly to illustrate some of the main …
Perspectives on determinants of social welfare: Introduction
Perspectives on determinants of social welfare: Commentary
In this commentary we discuss and elaborate on a number of topics that have been raised in the articles in this issue. The first topic treated is causality. All scientists are aware of the difficulties of making causal inferences in non‐experimental settings, and in many cases arguments are forwarded that support the causal interpretation of the reported relationships. Questions of bi‐directional causality, nonlinear relationships and the importa…
The importance of social circumstances for Swedish women's subjective wellbeing
The importance of social circumstances for middle‐age women's general subjective wellbeing (SWB) was investigated in a representative sample of Swedish women, aged 43 (N = 369). The results showed non‐existent to moderate relationships between a number of social circumstances variables and general SWB. The strongest relationship was found between marital status and global life satisfaction. Being off work because of illness and household income w…
Why has the Nordic electricity market worked so well
Stability and Change in Health-Related Behaviors of Midlife Swedish Women
We investigated the dimensions and stability in health-related behaviors (HRBs) among midlife Swedish women, and the factors that predicted change in those behaviors. At age 43, 569 women from a representative longitudinal sample completed questionnaires about lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol) and participated in medical screening. Four years later we mailed a follow-up questionnaire. HRBs clustered in two dimensions: healthy eating an…
Inferential Aspects of Longitudinal Data in Studying Developmental Problems
Problems in making inferences from a sample to a population and from one cohort to other cohorts are discussed. It is concluded that in most cases a longitudinal design using repeated measures is preferable to an independent samples design. Special attention is given to the often occurring large drop-out, and a simple regression analytical approach for estimating the mean of the drop-out group is indicated
Bloom’s Developmental Formula
Predictors and outcomes of persistent or age‐limited registered criminal behavior: A 30‐year longitudinal study of a Swedish urban population
This study uses data from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation, where an entire school‐grade cohort of children in a middle‐size Swedish city ( n ∼1.300) has been followed from ages 10 to 43 and 48 for women and men, respectively. Our findings indicate that the patterns of offending across the life‐course differ between genders, where males seem to initiate their offending earlier than females. Further, there ar…
Person-orientation in person–situation research
Mediation and Causality at the Individual Level
Associations between IQ and cigarette smoking among Swedish male twins
The role of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood. Data from age 13 (N = 1,092) and adult age (age 43 for women, N = 569 and age 47 for men, N = 393) were taken from the Swedish longitudinal research program entitled "Individual Development and Adaptation." In line with previous research, task persistence was f…
Psychology (23 works) · Developmental psychology (13 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Mathematics (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Population (7 works) · Cognitive psychology (6 works) · Demography (6 works)