István Major
Biographic Data
| ID | 3579692 |
|---|---|
| NAME | István Major |
| GIVEN NAMES | István |
| FAMILY NAME | Major |
| SIGNATURE | MAJOR I |
| AFFILIATIONS | HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4675-9875 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 36 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 15 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The population history of Central Europe in the Early Bronze Age (2200/2100–1600/1500 BC) - a craniometric approach
During the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, migrations and the advent of working bronze alloy materials triggered profound cultural, social, and economic shifts across Central Europe. As a result of this processes, many communities with distinct archaeological and cultural characteristics emerged during the Central European Early Bronze Age (between circa 2200/2100 and 1600/1500 BC) in Central Europe, and with the Middle Bronze Age of the Car…
Investigating the impact of Covid-19 on the atmospheric 14C trend and fossil carbon load at urban and background sites in Hungary
The study analyses in situ CO 2 mole fraction, 14 CO 2 , and fossil based excess CO 2 mole fraction (C foss ) data at Hegyhátsál (HUN) rural monitoring station (Central Europe) supplemented by passive monitoring of 14 C content of tree-rings. Through the observed period (2014–2020) we focused on revealing trends in atmospheric CO 2 and 14 C levels, particularly during the year of the first COVID lockdown, in comparison to the preceding five years…
New radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom site (Eastern Hungary)
In this paper we present new AMS radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom excavated between 1961 and 1972. The cemetery provides crucial information on the cultural development and chronology of the Bronze Age Otomani-Füzesabony and the Tumulus cultures of Eastern Central Europe, in addition to the transition between the Middle and Late Bronze Age (approx. 1500 BC) in the Great Hungarian Plain
A New Upper Palaeolithic site in the Northern Great Plain of Hungary
Absztrakt Jászfényszaru-Szeméttelep 1. egy felső paleolit lelőhely a Jászságban, amit Jászfényszaru határában fedeztek fel egy teljes felületű feltárás során. A lelőhelyen főleg szarmata és honfoglalás kori jelenségek kerültek elő, de egy kis felső paleolitikumra keltezhető leletanyagot is azonosítottak, amely Korai Epigravettien jellegzetességeket mutat. A leletanyag a Kárpát-medence utolsó glaciális korú emberi megtelepüléseinek jobb megértéséh…
Intercomparison Exercise on Fuel Samples for Determination of Biocontent Ratio by 14 C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
The method of determining the biobased carbon content in liquid fuel samples is standardized, but different laboratories use different protocols during sample preparation and perform the measurements using different machines. The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories use different combustion, preparation, and graphitization methods for the graphite production for the spectrometric measurements. As a result, the intercomparison between …
Gas Ion Source Performance of the Environmicadas at Hekal Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary
A coupled accelerator mass spectrometer–gas interface system has been successfully operating at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Debrecen, Hungary, since 2013. Over the last 6 years more than 500 gas targets were measured below 100 μg carbon content for carbon isotopic composition. The system was tested with blanks, OxII, IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, and IAEA-C7 standards. The performance of our instrumentation shows good agreement with o…
Case Studies on the Radiocarbon Dating of Bronze Age Cremation Burials in Hungary
János Dani, Kitti Köhler, Gabriella Kulcsár, István Major, Eszter Melis, Róbert Patay, Géza Szabó, Tamás Hajdu, István Futó, Róbert Huszánk, Viktória Kiss, Case Studies on the Radiocarbon Dating of Bronze Age Cremation Burials in Hungary, Bridging Science and Heritage in the Balkans: Studies in Archaeometry and Cultural Heritage Restoration and Conservation, pp. 29-37
Assessment and Development of Bone Preparation for Radiocarbon Dating at Hekal
Bone is one of the most complex sample materials used for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. The installation of the EnvironMICADAS AMS at HEKAL (department of ICER) in 2011 required the adoption of new sample preparation techniques for small bone samples. Since then, hundreds of procedural background and known-age bones have been processed using our modified Longin method (MLM) and dated along with unknown samples. Their results are used in this study …
Adoption and Evaluation of a sample Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating of Cremated Bones at Hekal
A comparative study was undertaken to adopt and evaluate a radiocarbon ( 14 C) preparation procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of cremated bones at our laboratory, including different types of archaeological samples (cremated bone, bone, charcoal, charred grain). All 14 C analyses were performed using the EnvironMICADAS AMS instrument at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (HEKAL) and the ancillary analys…
Fossil Carbon Load in Urban Vegetation for Debrecen, Hungary
Deciduous tree leaf and grass samples were collected in Debrecen, the second largest city in Hungary. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fossil fuel-derived carbon in urban vegetation. At the locations sampled, C3 and C4 plants close to roads were collected in September 2017. In total, 82 tree and grass leaf samples were gathered at 36 different sampling points all over the city of Debrecen. The radiocarbon ( 14 C) results of the s…
Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Fossil and Modern CO 2 Excess at a Central European Rural Tower Station between 2008 and 2014
In 2008, the atmospheric CO 2 measurements at the Hegyhátsál rural tower station were extended further by 14 CO 2 air sampling from two elevations (115 and 10 m a.g.l.), in cooperation with HEKAL (ICER). Since then, a complete six-year-long (2008–2014) dataset of atmospheric CO 2 , Δ 14 C, fossil, and modern CO 2 excess (relative to Jungfraujoch) has been assembled and evaluated. Based on our results, the annual mean CO 2 mole fraction rose at bo…
High-Precision Biogenic Fraction Analyses of Liquid Fuels by 14 C AMS at Hekal
The biocomponent ratio in liquid fuels as well as the usage of renewable resources for fuel consumption in the transport sector needs to be increased as a result of EU directive 2003/30/EC. Based on radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements, it should be relatively simple and fast to measure the weight percentage of the fossil and biological sources by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) as recommended in the ASTM D 6866-12 and EN 16640 standards. In this…
One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM 2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary
Radiocarbon investigation of atmospheric PM 2.5 aerosol synchronized with 14 CO 2 observations began in Debrecen in the winter of 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the contemporary and fossil carbon fractions in the aerosol and to set them against the fossil CO 2 excess data referring to the same period. The mass of the collected PM 2.5 mode on prebaked quartz filters was determined gravimetrically, while its total carbon mass was calcu…
Invasion of Alien Plants in the Caatinga Biome
Changes in the landscape during the last 200 years in the region of the Zala Valley and effect on the economic activity of the area
Adoption and Evaluation of a sample Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating of Cremated Bones at Hekal
A comparative study was undertaken to adopt and evaluate a radiocarbon ( 14 C) preparation procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of cremated bones at our laboratory, including different types of archaeological samples (cremated bone, bone, charcoal, charred grain). All 14 C analyses were performed using the EnvironMICADAS AMS instrument at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (HEKAL) and the ancillary analys…
Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Fossil and Modern CO 2 Excess at a Central European Rural Tower Station between 2008 and 2014
In 2008, the atmospheric CO 2 measurements at the Hegyhátsál rural tower station were extended further by 14 CO 2 air sampling from two elevations (115 and 10 m a.g.l.), in cooperation with HEKAL (ICER). Since then, a complete six-year-long (2008–2014) dataset of atmospheric CO 2 , Δ 14 C, fossil, and modern CO 2 excess (relative to Jungfraujoch) has been assembled and evaluated. Based on our results, the annual mean CO 2 mole fraction rose at bo…
Fossil Carbon Load in Urban Vegetation for Debrecen, Hungary
Deciduous tree leaf and grass samples were collected in Debrecen, the second largest city in Hungary. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fossil fuel-derived carbon in urban vegetation. At the locations sampled, C3 and C4 plants close to roads were collected in September 2017. In total, 82 tree and grass leaf samples were gathered at 36 different sampling points all over the city of Debrecen. The radiocarbon ( 14 C) results of the s…
Assessment and Development of Bone Preparation for Radiocarbon Dating at Hekal
Bone is one of the most complex sample materials used for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. The installation of the EnvironMICADAS AMS at HEKAL (department of ICER) in 2011 required the adoption of new sample preparation techniques for small bone samples. Since then, hundreds of procedural background and known-age bones have been processed using our modified Longin method (MLM) and dated along with unknown samples. Their results are used in this study …
High-Precision Biogenic Fraction Analyses of Liquid Fuels by 14 C AMS at Hekal
The biocomponent ratio in liquid fuels as well as the usage of renewable resources for fuel consumption in the transport sector needs to be increased as a result of EU directive 2003/30/EC. Based on radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements, it should be relatively simple and fast to measure the weight percentage of the fossil and biological sources by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) as recommended in the ASTM D 6866-12 and EN 16640 standards. In this…
Gas Ion Source Performance of the Environmicadas at Hekal Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary
A coupled accelerator mass spectrometer–gas interface system has been successfully operating at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Debrecen, Hungary, since 2013. Over the last 6 years more than 500 gas targets were measured below 100 μg carbon content for carbon isotopic composition. The system was tested with blanks, OxII, IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, and IAEA-C7 standards. The performance of our instrumentation shows good agreement with o…
Intercomparison Exercise on Fuel Samples for Determination of Biocontent Ratio by 14 C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
The method of determining the biobased carbon content in liquid fuel samples is standardized, but different laboratories use different protocols during sample preparation and perform the measurements using different machines. The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories use different combustion, preparation, and graphitization methods for the graphite production for the spectrometric measurements. As a result, the intercomparison between …
One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM 2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary
Radiocarbon investigation of atmospheric PM 2.5 aerosol synchronized with 14 CO 2 observations began in Debrecen in the winter of 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the contemporary and fossil carbon fractions in the aerosol and to set them against the fossil CO 2 excess data referring to the same period. The mass of the collected PM 2.5 mode on prebaked quartz filters was determined gravimetrically, while its total carbon mass was calcu…
Changes in the landscape during the last 200 years in the region of the Zala Valley and effect on the economic activity of the area
Invasion of Alien Plants in the Caatinga Biome
One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM 2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary
Radiocarbon investigation of atmospheric PM 2.5 aerosol synchronized with 14 CO 2 observations began in Debrecen in the winter of 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the contemporary and fossil carbon fractions in the aerosol and to set them against the fossil CO 2 excess data referring to the same period. The mass of the collected PM 2.5 mode on prebaked quartz filters was determined gravimetrically, while its total carbon mass was calcu…
Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Fossil and Modern CO 2 Excess at a Central European Rural Tower Station between 2008 and 2014
In 2008, the atmospheric CO 2 measurements at the Hegyhátsál rural tower station were extended further by 14 CO 2 air sampling from two elevations (115 and 10 m a.g.l.), in cooperation with HEKAL (ICER). Since then, a complete six-year-long (2008–2014) dataset of atmospheric CO 2 , Δ 14 C, fossil, and modern CO 2 excess (relative to Jungfraujoch) has been assembled and evaluated. Based on our results, the annual mean CO 2 mole fraction rose at bo…
High-Precision Biogenic Fraction Analyses of Liquid Fuels by 14 C AMS at Hekal
The biocomponent ratio in liquid fuels as well as the usage of renewable resources for fuel consumption in the transport sector needs to be increased as a result of EU directive 2003/30/EC. Based on radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements, it should be relatively simple and fast to measure the weight percentage of the fossil and biological sources by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) as recommended in the ASTM D 6866-12 and EN 16640 standards. In this…
Case Studies on the Radiocarbon Dating of Bronze Age Cremation Burials in Hungary
János Dani, Kitti Köhler, Gabriella Kulcsár, István Major, Eszter Melis, Róbert Patay, Géza Szabó, Tamás Hajdu, István Futó, Róbert Huszánk, Viktória Kiss, Case Studies on the Radiocarbon Dating of Bronze Age Cremation Burials in Hungary, Bridging Science and Heritage in the Balkans: Studies in Archaeometry and Cultural Heritage Restoration and Conservation, pp. 29-37
Assessment and Development of Bone Preparation for Radiocarbon Dating at Hekal
Bone is one of the most complex sample materials used for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. The installation of the EnvironMICADAS AMS at HEKAL (department of ICER) in 2011 required the adoption of new sample preparation techniques for small bone samples. Since then, hundreds of procedural background and known-age bones have been processed using our modified Longin method (MLM) and dated along with unknown samples. Their results are used in this study …
Adoption and Evaluation of a sample Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating of Cremated Bones at Hekal
A comparative study was undertaken to adopt and evaluate a radiocarbon ( 14 C) preparation procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of cremated bones at our laboratory, including different types of archaeological samples (cremated bone, bone, charcoal, charred grain). All 14 C analyses were performed using the EnvironMICADAS AMS instrument at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (HEKAL) and the ancillary analys…
Fossil Carbon Load in Urban Vegetation for Debrecen, Hungary
Deciduous tree leaf and grass samples were collected in Debrecen, the second largest city in Hungary. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fossil fuel-derived carbon in urban vegetation. At the locations sampled, C3 and C4 plants close to roads were collected in September 2017. In total, 82 tree and grass leaf samples were gathered at 36 different sampling points all over the city of Debrecen. The radiocarbon ( 14 C) results of the s…
Gas Ion Source Performance of the Environmicadas at Hekal Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary
A coupled accelerator mass spectrometer–gas interface system has been successfully operating at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Debrecen, Hungary, since 2013. Over the last 6 years more than 500 gas targets were measured below 100 μg carbon content for carbon isotopic composition. The system was tested with blanks, OxII, IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, and IAEA-C7 standards. The performance of our instrumentation shows good agreement with o…
A New Upper Palaeolithic site in the Northern Great Plain of Hungary
Absztrakt Jászfényszaru-Szeméttelep 1. egy felső paleolit lelőhely a Jászságban, amit Jászfényszaru határában fedeztek fel egy teljes felületű feltárás során. A lelőhelyen főleg szarmata és honfoglalás kori jelenségek kerültek elő, de egy kis felső paleolitikumra keltezhető leletanyagot is azonosítottak, amely Korai Epigravettien jellegzetességeket mutat. A leletanyag a Kárpát-medence utolsó glaciális korú emberi megtelepüléseinek jobb megértéséh…
Intercomparison Exercise on Fuel Samples for Determination of Biocontent Ratio by 14 C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
The method of determining the biobased carbon content in liquid fuel samples is standardized, but different laboratories use different protocols during sample preparation and perform the measurements using different machines. The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories use different combustion, preparation, and graphitization methods for the graphite production for the spectrometric measurements. As a result, the intercomparison between …
New radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom site (Eastern Hungary)
In this paper we present new AMS radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom excavated between 1961 and 1972. The cemetery provides crucial information on the cultural development and chronology of the Bronze Age Otomani-Füzesabony and the Tumulus cultures of Eastern Central Europe, in addition to the transition between the Middle and Late Bronze Age (approx. 1500 BC) in the Great Hungarian Plain
The population history of Central Europe in the Early Bronze Age (2200/2100–1600/1500 BC) - a craniometric approach
During the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, migrations and the advent of working bronze alloy materials triggered profound cultural, social, and economic shifts across Central Europe. As a result of this processes, many communities with distinct archaeological and cultural characteristics emerged during the Central European Early Bronze Age (between circa 2200/2100 and 1600/1500 BC) in Central Europe, and with the Middle Bronze Age of the Car…
Investigating the impact of Covid-19 on the atmospheric 14C trend and fossil carbon load at urban and background sites in Hungary
The study analyses in situ CO 2 mole fraction, 14 CO 2 , and fossil based excess CO 2 mole fraction (C foss ) data at Hegyhátsál (HUN) rural monitoring station (Central Europe) supplemented by passive monitoring of 14 C content of tree-rings. Through the observed period (2014–2020) we focused on revealing trends in atmospheric CO 2 and 14 C levels, particularly during the year of the first COVID lockdown, in comparison to the preceding five years…
Geography (10 works) · Archaeology (7 works) · Chemistry (7 works) · Environmental Science (7 works) · Radiocarbon dating (7 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 works) · Chromatography (6 works) · Geology (6 works) · Carbon fibers (5 works) · Accelerator mass spectrometry (4 works)