Rachel Snow
Biographic Data
| ID | 3583587 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rachel Snow |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rachel |
| FAMILY NAME | Snow |
| SIGNATURE | SNOW R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 69 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Capitalizing on Population Dynamics 30 Years on from the International Conference on Population and Development
The world is grappling with a huge array of demographic challenges—ranging from rapid population growth in sub‐Saharan Africa to rapid aging and decline elsewhere—with profound implications for social systems, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. We examine the complex interplay of demographic diversity and other global megatrends, emphasizing the urgent need for policies that prioritize human rights and sustainable development. …
Women, Girls, and the Climate Crisis: Advancing Reproductive Health and Rights and Gender Equality in Climate Policies at ICPD+30
The climate crisis will have an impact on everyone, everywhere, affecting both present and future generations, but there are unique ways in which the crisis is impacting the lives of women and girls. This commentary reviews growing evidence on the effects of climate change on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and gender‐based violence (GBV), illustrating how the crisis is augmenting preexisting gender inequalities. Far greater atte…
Births in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the Covid-19 Pandemic
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains a subject of much speculation. This article reports monthly birth registration data from 18 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) program countries, all predominantly LMICs, both before and after the onset of the COVID pandemic. Despite disruptions in family planning services in many of these countries during the early months of the pandemic, mon…
Spatial Clustering in Temporal Trends of Female Genital Mutilation Risk: Leveraging Sparse Data in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice rooted in gender inequality. Its elimination is part of national and international agendas including the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Understanding its geographical evolution is crucial for targeted programming. However, due to sparse data, it is challenging to establish international comparability and statistical reliability. Data on FGM is observed at different points…
The State of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Access to Health Care Services among Young People Exchanging Sex in Detroit
Criminal justice involvement among young adults exchanging sex in Detroit
Examining the relationship between psychological distress and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among Ugandan adolescents living with HIV
Psychological distress is common among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) worldwide, and has been associated with non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART), leading to poor virologic suppression, drug resistance, and increased risk for AIDS morbidity and mortality. However, only a few studies have explored the relationship between psychological distress and ART adherence among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper examines the relati…
Psychological distress among Ugandan adolescents living with HIV: Examining stressors and the buffering role of general and religious coping strategies
HIV infection increases the risk of psychological distress among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), which, in turn, increases risky behaviours such as medication non-adherence, substance use, and sexual risk-taking. The majority of studies on psychological distress among ALHIV have been conducted in high-income countries; data on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among ALHIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are scarce, yet over…
Photography's Second Front: Kodak's Serving Human Progress Through Photography Institutional Advertising Campaign
This paper examines Kodak's ‘Serving Human Progress through Photography’ campaign, which ran in the United States during World War I and World War II and emphasized themes of US nationalism and progress through technology. While Kodak's peacetime consumer advertisements were ultimately designed to sell photographic goods and products, this institutional advertising campaign sought to build brand recognition, consumer loyalty, and a positive corpo…
Sexual and reproductive health: Progress and outstanding needs
We examine progress towards the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) commitment to provide universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services by 2014, with an emphasis on changes for those living in poor and emerging economies. Accomplishments include a 45% decline in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) between 1990 and 2013; 11.5% decline in global unmet need for modern contraception; ~21% increase in …
Development of a Psychosocial Distress Measure for Ugandan Adolescents Living with HIV
Modeling the community-level effects of male incarceration on the sexual partnerships of men and women
Interpersonal Relationships and Social Support in Transitioning Narratives of Black Transgender Women in Detroit
Social support has been shown to play a key role in overcoming adversities associated with marginalized identities, yet there is a dearth of information regarding the role of social networks in the gender transition process, particularly in ethnic minority transgender communities. This study uses life history narratives, and a modified grounded theory analysis, to explore the impact of interpersonal relationships on the gender transition process …
Incarceration and Sexual Risk: Examining the Relationship Between Men’s Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and Risky Sexual Behavior
Gendered Patterns of Migration in Rural South Africa
Gender is increasingly recognized as fundamental to understanding migration processes, causes and consequences. In South Africa, it is intrinsic to the social transformations fueling high levels of internal migration and complex forms of mobility. While female migration in Africa has often been characterized as less prevalent than male migration, and primarily related to marriage, in South Africa a feminization of internal migration is underway, …
The Social Legacy of Aids: Fertility Aspirations Among HIV-Affected Women in Uganda
Objectives. We investigated the impact of HIV status on fertility desires in Uganda. Methods. We surveyed 1594 women aged 18 to 49 years visiting outpatient services at Mbarara Regional Hospital, from May through August 2010. Of these, 59.7% were HIV-positive; 96.4% of HIV-positive women were using antiretroviral therapy (ART). We used logistic regression models to examine relationships between HIV status and fertility desires, marital status, ho…
Gender Attitudes and Fertility Aspirations among Young Men in Five High Fertility East African Countries
The relationship between women's attitudes toward gender equality and their fertility aspirations has been researched extensively, but few studies have explored the same associations among men. Using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from five high fertility East African countries, we examine the association between young men's gender attitudes and their ideal family size. Whereas several DHS gender attitude responses were associated with…
Sex differences in HIV testing in Ghana, and policy implications
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) is the primary gateway to all systems of AIDS-related care. This study describes sex differences in the use of HTC from data of the National AIDS/STI Control Program (NACP) over four years (2007-2010), across the 10 regions of Ghana. HTC data from NACP were from diagnostic centers (DCs), know your status campaigns (KYS) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) sites across the country. Data highlight…
Who is utilizing anti-retroviral therapy in Ghana: An analysis of ART service utilization
Attention to the comparatively fewer males initiating ART, as well as disproportionate regional ART utilization is urgently needed. All forms of gender-based inequities in relation to HIV care must be addressed in order for Ghana to realize successful outcomes at the population level. Policy makers in Ghana and elsewhere need to understand how gender-based health inequities in relation to HIV care affect both men and women and begin to design app…
The built environment & the impact of neighborhood characteristics on youth sexual risk behavior in Cape Town, South Africa
Policy talk: Incentives for rural service among nurses in Ghana
Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana is faced with the simultaneous challenges of increasing its health workforce, retaining them in country and promoting a rational distribution of staff in remote or deprived areas of the country. Recent increases in both public-sector doctor and nurse salaries have contributed to a decline in international out-migration, but problems of geographic mal-distribution remain. As part of a research proje…
Snapshots by the way: Individuality and convention in tourists’ photographs from the United States, 1880-1940
A Novel Look at Racial Health Disparities: The Interaction Between Social Disadvantage and Environmental Health
Objectives. We explored the notion that social disadvantage increases vulnerability to the health effects of environmental hazards. Specifically, we examined (1) whether race modifies the association between blood lead and blood pressure and (2) whether socioeconomic status (SES) plays a role in this modifying effect. Methods. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2008) and linear regression, we estimated the associatio…
Are men testing? Sex differentials in HIV testing in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
HIV testing is the centerpiece of the national AIDS program in South Africa and many HIV-endemic countries, yet there is surprisingly little published data on who uses testing services. In 2006, we conducted a census of HIV-testing records in all 282 public and non-governmental voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites in Mpumalanga (MP), South Africa, the province with the highest HIV prevalence in the country. We secured data on the age and …
Gendered Patterns of Migration in Rural South Africa
Gender is increasingly recognized as fundamental to understanding migration processes, causes and consequences. In South Africa, it is intrinsic to the social transformations fueling high levels of internal migration and complex forms of mobility. While female migration in Africa has often been characterized as less prevalent than male migration, and primarily related to marriage, in South Africa a feminization of internal migration is underway, …
Interpersonal Relationships and Social Support in Transitioning Narratives of Black Transgender Women in Detroit
Social support has been shown to play a key role in overcoming adversities associated with marginalized identities, yet there is a dearth of information regarding the role of social networks in the gender transition process, particularly in ethnic minority transgender communities. This study uses life history narratives, and a modified grounded theory analysis, to explore the impact of interpersonal relationships on the gender transition process …
A Novel Look at Racial Health Disparities: The Interaction Between Social Disadvantage and Environmental Health
Objectives. We explored the notion that social disadvantage increases vulnerability to the health effects of environmental hazards. Specifically, we examined (1) whether race modifies the association between blood lead and blood pressure and (2) whether socioeconomic status (SES) plays a role in this modifying effect. Methods. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2008) and linear regression, we estimated the associatio…
Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: Women's perceptions and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia
The built environment & the impact of neighborhood characteristics on youth sexual risk behavior in Cape Town, South Africa
Gender Attitudes and Fertility Aspirations among Young Men in Five High Fertility East African Countries
The relationship between women's attitudes toward gender equality and their fertility aspirations has been researched extensively, but few studies have explored the same associations among men. Using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from five high fertility East African countries, we examine the association between young men's gender attitudes and their ideal family size. Whereas several DHS gender attitude responses were associated with…
Modeling the community-level effects of male incarceration on the sexual partnerships of men and women
Should management of sexually transmitted infections be integrated into family planning services: Evidence and challenges
An extensive review of what is known about efforts to integrate prevention and treatment services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) into family planning services found that all too little empirical evidence is available. This paper summarises the key findings of the review, discusses the need for additional information on forms of integration and how they are working, and makes recommendations on gathering the type of information that wi…
The Social Legacy of Aids: Fertility Aspirations Among HIV-Affected Women in Uganda
Objectives. We investigated the impact of HIV status on fertility desires in Uganda. Methods. We surveyed 1594 women aged 18 to 49 years visiting outpatient services at Mbarara Regional Hospital, from May through August 2010. Of these, 59.7% were HIV-positive; 96.4% of HIV-positive women were using antiretroviral therapy (ART). We used logistic regression models to examine relationships between HIV status and fertility desires, marital status, ho…
Snapshots by the way: Individuality and convention in tourists’ photographs from the United States, 1880-1940
Tourism and American Identity: Kodak's Conspicuous Consumers Abroad
Births in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the Covid-19 Pandemic
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains a subject of much speculation. This article reports monthly birth registration data from 18 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) program countries, all predominantly LMICs, both before and after the onset of the COVID pandemic. Despite disruptions in family planning services in many of these countries during the early months of the pandemic, mon…
Power and Decision: The Social Control of Reproduction
This book is a collective effort to provide in one publication an overview of the disparate social forces that circumscribe reproduction within specific social parameters with a complementary examination of how biomedical research and the new reproductive technologies reflect and sustain those parameters. Including case studies from a range of countries this book offers a collection of Southern and Northern feminist perspectives on which social c…
Power and Decision: The Social Control of Reproduction
Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: Women's perceptions and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia
Should management of sexually transmitted infections be integrated into family planning services: Evidence and challenges
An extensive review of what is known about efforts to integrate prevention and treatment services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) into family planning services found that all too little empirical evidence is available. This paper summarises the key findings of the review, discusses the need for additional information on forms of integration and how they are working, and makes recommendations on gathering the type of information that wi…
A Second Look
Essay| August 01 2002 A Second Look Rise of the Picture Press: Photographic Reportage in illustrated Magazines 1918-1939, International Center for Photography, New York, New York, March 27-June 16 Rachel Snow Rachel Snow Rachel Snowis a doctoral candidate at the City University of New York Graduate Center. She is currently teaching Media Studies at New York University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afte…
Postscript to a Postcard
To look at the portrait of an individual is to invite oneself to all sorts of speculations as to who they were, how they would have spoken, what they would have thought. --Phillip Stokes, The Family Photography Album: So Great a Cloud of Witnesses I hold a postcard in my hand. [1] One side of the card is a photograph in which a neatly groomed woman in fine dress is seen in profile. Her body barely enters the right side of the picture as she leans…
The Impact of Female Genital Cutting on First Delivery in Southwest Nigeria
To date, data linking obstetric morbidity to female genital cutting in populations with less severe types of cutting have been limited to case reports and speculation. In this cross‐sectional study, 1,107 women at three hospitals in Edo State, Nigeria, reported on their first‐delivery experiences. Fifty‐six percent of the sample had undergone genital cutting. Although univariate analyses suggest that genital cutting is associated with delivery co…
The Role of HIV-Related Knowledge and Ethnicity in Determining HIV Risk Perception and Willingness to Undergo HIV Testing Among Rural Women in Burkina Faso
Sex, gender, and vulnerability
This paper is concerned with how sex chromosomes and gendered experience differentially contribute to health outcomes, and how gender effects provide an under-explored avenue for health intervention. Research on gender and health is currently undermined by conflation of sex and gender in much of the epidemiologic and clinical literature. This precludes any meaningful reflection on the extent to which our genetic blueprint, versus gendered sociali…
Tourism and American Identity: Kodak's Conspicuous Consumers Abroad
Are men testing? Sex differentials in HIV testing in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
HIV testing is the centerpiece of the national AIDS program in South Africa and many HIV-endemic countries, yet there is surprisingly little published data on who uses testing services. In 2006, we conducted a census of HIV-testing records in all 282 public and non-governmental voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites in Mpumalanga (MP), South Africa, the province with the highest HIV prevalence in the country. We secured data on the age and …
Sex differences in HIV testing in Ghana, and policy implications
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) is the primary gateway to all systems of AIDS-related care. This study describes sex differences in the use of HTC from data of the National AIDS/STI Control Program (NACP) over four years (2007-2010), across the 10 regions of Ghana. HTC data from NACP were from diagnostic centers (DCs), know your status campaigns (KYS) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) sites across the country. Data highlight…
Who is utilizing anti-retroviral therapy in Ghana: An analysis of ART service utilization
Attention to the comparatively fewer males initiating ART, as well as disproportionate regional ART utilization is urgently needed. All forms of gender-based inequities in relation to HIV care must be addressed in order for Ghana to realize successful outcomes at the population level. Policy makers in Ghana and elsewhere need to understand how gender-based health inequities in relation to HIV care affect both men and women and begin to design app…
The built environment & the impact of neighborhood characteristics on youth sexual risk behavior in Cape Town, South Africa
Policy talk: Incentives for rural service among nurses in Ghana
Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana is faced with the simultaneous challenges of increasing its health workforce, retaining them in country and promoting a rational distribution of staff in remote or deprived areas of the country. Recent increases in both public-sector doctor and nurse salaries have contributed to a decline in international out-migration, but problems of geographic mal-distribution remain. As part of a research proje…
Snapshots by the way: Individuality and convention in tourists’ photographs from the United States, 1880-1940
A Novel Look at Racial Health Disparities: The Interaction Between Social Disadvantage and Environmental Health
Objectives. We explored the notion that social disadvantage increases vulnerability to the health effects of environmental hazards. Specifically, we examined (1) whether race modifies the association between blood lead and blood pressure and (2) whether socioeconomic status (SES) plays a role in this modifying effect. Methods. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2008) and linear regression, we estimated the associatio…
Incarceration and Sexual Risk: Examining the Relationship Between Men’s Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and Risky Sexual Behavior
Gendered Patterns of Migration in Rural South Africa
Gender is increasingly recognized as fundamental to understanding migration processes, causes and consequences. In South Africa, it is intrinsic to the social transformations fueling high levels of internal migration and complex forms of mobility. While female migration in Africa has often been characterized as less prevalent than male migration, and primarily related to marriage, in South Africa a feminization of internal migration is underway, …
The Social Legacy of Aids: Fertility Aspirations Among HIV-Affected Women in Uganda
Objectives. We investigated the impact of HIV status on fertility desires in Uganda. Methods. We surveyed 1594 women aged 18 to 49 years visiting outpatient services at Mbarara Regional Hospital, from May through August 2010. Of these, 59.7% were HIV-positive; 96.4% of HIV-positive women were using antiretroviral therapy (ART). We used logistic regression models to examine relationships between HIV status and fertility desires, marital status, ho…
Gender Attitudes and Fertility Aspirations among Young Men in Five High Fertility East African Countries
The relationship between women's attitudes toward gender equality and their fertility aspirations has been researched extensively, but few studies have explored the same associations among men. Using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from five high fertility East African countries, we examine the association between young men's gender attitudes and their ideal family size. Whereas several DHS gender attitude responses were associated with…
Interpersonal Relationships and Social Support in Transitioning Narratives of Black Transgender Women in Detroit
Social support has been shown to play a key role in overcoming adversities associated with marginalized identities, yet there is a dearth of information regarding the role of social networks in the gender transition process, particularly in ethnic minority transgender communities. This study uses life history narratives, and a modified grounded theory analysis, to explore the impact of interpersonal relationships on the gender transition process …
Sexual and reproductive health: Progress and outstanding needs
We examine progress towards the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) commitment to provide universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services by 2014, with an emphasis on changes for those living in poor and emerging economies. Accomplishments include a 45% decline in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) between 1990 and 2013; 11.5% decline in global unmet need for modern contraception; ~21% increase in …
Development of a Psychosocial Distress Measure for Ugandan Adolescents Living with HIV
Modeling the community-level effects of male incarceration on the sexual partnerships of men and women
Sociology (24 works) · Medicine (23 works) · Demography (18 works) · Population (17 works) · Psychology (15 works) · Demography (13 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Political science (13 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (11 works) · Economics (11 works)