A H M Kirk‐greene
Biographic Data
| ID | 3586002 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A H M Kirk‐greene |
| GIVEN NAMES | A H M |
| FAMILY NAME | Kirk‐greene |
| SIGNATURE | GREENE A H M K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oxford |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 179 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 287 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 179 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1955 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Back to the Barracks: A Decade of Marking Time
In the Nigerian case, early beliefs in a caretaker administration and a speedy transition proved illusory. At the time of the military take-over of January 1966, a quick return to barracks was generally taken for granted. The successive blueprints for the return to civilian rule reveal a preoccupation with a fairly constant set of issues, very similar to those which had faced the Nigerians and the departing colonial power in the late 1950s. A ret…
West Africa: Nigeria and Ghana
When Britain handed over power to her first tropical African colony in 1957, the Gold Coast was widely recognized as Britain’s model colonial possession on the continent. It had more schools and health services per capita and a better road system than any other British territory in Africa. It also boasted a robust, non-plantation, peasant economy, a prosperous middle class, a distinguished history of higher education, an able administrative elite…
Ethnological Notes
Decolonization: The Ultimate Diaspora
This chapter examines the diaspora of members of each of Britain&s;s three overseas civil services between 1947, when the first of them was terminated, and 1980, when the last of HMG agencies established to help the resettlement of its imperial officials, the Overseas Service Resettlement Bureau, was closed on the grounds of mission accomplished. The study of decolonization has largely focused on the receiving end of imperialism, its process and …
Entente Cordiale ou Enquête Coloniale? Margery Perham Hands Down Her Suspended Judgement
Dame Margery Perham, acclaimed as the foremost academic expert on British colonial administration, also gained much experience and showed much interest in its French counterpart. Her thoughts on this, however, were never published in her lifetime. This article, based her diaries (published posthumously under the editorship of the article's author) and other previously little-known material, reconstructs her views on French colonial rule and how s…
Symbol of Authority: The British District Officer in Africa
The district officer - the D.O. - was the pivot of the British Colonial Administration throughout the British Empire, as was his counterpart in India - immortalized in Philip Woodruff’s “The Men who Ruled India”. The D.O. who was both administrator and magistrate and the essential link with the professional and technical services and essentially, with the indigenous population - the 600,000,000 people they served - in an empire of service rather …
When the World Was Red
WHEN THE WORLD WAS RED Anthony Kirk-Greene. Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966 Basingstoke: Macmillan/New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. xv + 347 pp. Map. Tables. Notes. Thematic bibliography. Index. $79.95. Cloth. $22.95. Paper. Anthony Kirk-Greene. Glimpses of Empire: A Corona Anthology. London/New York: LB. Tauris, 2001. xxvi + 302 pp. Illustrations. Index of authors. Price not reported. Cloth. Douglas Rimmer and Anthony Kirk-Greene…
The British Intellectual Engagement with Africa in the Twentieth Century
Glimpses of Empire: A Corona Anthology
In this unique collection of writings culled from the Corona Club Bulletin, we see the governor in council and the DO in the field and a myriad of professional officers–agricultural, educational, medical, veterinary, engineering, nursing--at work. The contributions range from the political, constitutional, and the “daily round” of administration and service, to personal, family, sporting and service life. The writings, chosen and edited by Anthon…
Decolonization: The Ultimate Diaspora
Among the numerous aspects of decolonization (mostly political and economic) studied during the half-century since the beginning of the end of the British Empire, one major social phenomenon has received very little attention in the literature. This is the diaspora of the expatriate career civil servants who were still employed by HM government when independence was granted. Between the transfer of power in India in 1947 and that of Hong Kong in …
On Crown Service: A History of H. M. Colonial and Overseas Civil Services, 1837-1997
A Comparative Study of Thirty City‐State Cultures
Edited by Mogens Herman Hansen. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2000. 636pp. DKR 600 (c.£55) hardback. ISBN 87‐7876‐177‐8.
The British Intellectual Engagement with Africa in the Twentieth Century
Decolonization, Early Retirement and Second Careers
If the reverse face of the coin of decolonization has been the emergence of the Third World, equally the reverse of the primacy of localization in the public services was the withdrawal of Britain’s Crown civil servants overseas from the independent nations-to-be. Chapter 8 considered the principle, process and pace of localization; Chapter 9 looks at the winding up of the respective Services, studied in their heyday in Part II, in the context of…
The Indian Civil Service, 1858–1947
In the eyes of those Britons who, in the age of Empire, were to an extent aware of — and, more relevantly, were actors in — imperial administration, and in the minds of most young men who had already set their sights on a career in administration overseas, the Indian Civil Service enjoyed pre-eminence in the ranking order. ‘The Civil Service of Pakistan is the successor in Pakistan of the Indian Civil Service’, proclaimed an official recruiting p…
Proconsuls at the Top
Empire is frequently analysed under such contradictory concepts as trusteeship and exploitation or under such single rubrics as ideology, the diffusion of ideas and the transfer of technology, or, in more recent retrospect, race relations, gender and cultural imperialism. Other, secondary but popular, interpretations rest on the evidence of fiction, themes of adventure and ‘deeds of Empire’, brought to a peak in the writings of G. A. Henty and Ru…
Anatomizing the Making of the Generic District Officer
It is impossible to read the literature on Britain’s overseas administrative services without encountering the qualifying term ‘elite’: an elite Service, a corps d’élite , an administrative elite. 1 If the study of Britain’s Home Civil Service has, since the Trevelyan-Northcote Report of 1854, focused on access to merit through open competition, that on her overseas civil services has emphasized their elite properties. In all three overseas admin…
On Company and Other Crown Service Overseas
Part II examines the recruitment, composition, structure and work of the Administrative (in some instances and at some periods called Political) branches of Britain’s three principal overseas civil services: in the Indian Empire, in the Colonial Empire, and in the Condominium of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In the century covered by this study, these were the imperial civil services which regularly offered a life-time career in government administra…
An Empire to be Administered: The Metropolitan Organization
On the eve of the Second World War — as it turned out, in itself an event destined to become an imperial turning-point of unforeseeable magnitude — the British Empire comprised almost twelve million square miles. That was over a quarter of the world’s inhabited land mass, eighty times the size of Great Britain. Modestly, the Colonial Office, with authority over thirty-five countries, took care to point out that this impressive statistic did not i…
Empowering the Imperial Administrator
This book has offered a socio-institutional history of the composition and work of Britain’s three principal corps of overseas administrators during the century c. 1860 to c. 1960. This was the era which saw Britain’s ad hoc appointments of imperial administrators cohere into elite cadres of professionals and the Service convert into a major career option for hundreds of British graduates in search of Crown service overseas. The same century witn…
The Transfer of Power and Localization
The first decade following the transfer of power to successive new nations from within the colonial empire was characterized by a glow of mutual congratulations on one feature above all in the imperial governmental legacy. This was the inheritance of a sound civil service derived from many years of the finest British traditions of efficiency, dedication, loyalty to whatever elected government was in power, and total incorruptibility. That at leas…
The Sudan Political Service, 1899–1955
Of Britain’s three principal overseas civil services considered here, the Sudan Political Service — the key provincial administration — was at once the youngest and the smallest of them all. Established in 1899, forty years after the Indian Civil Service (ICS), and abolished in 1955 (indeed, no British officers were recruited after 1952), forty years before the one-time Colonial Service (later HMOCS) approached the end of its time in Hong Kong, a…
The Colonial Administrative Service, 1895–1966
The Colonial Service is not only the longest-lived of Britain’s three pre-eminent overseas civil services under examination here, it is also by far the largest. On the other hand, while there is no room for argument over the exact dates of the life of the ICS, 1858–1947 (allowing for historians of bureaucracy to trace the pre-Crown continuities in administrative structure and system from the East India Company’s Civil Service), and a largely acad…
Accredited to Africa: British diplomatic representation and African experience, c . 1960–95
How justified is the complaint sometimes voiced by British businessmen and other UK visitors to contemporary Africa that, compared to ‘the [good old] colonial days’, Britain's FCO representatives have no experience of Africa and little idea about who's who and what's going on in their bailiwick? The aim of this article is to construct a professional profile of Britain's Heads of Mission assigned to newly independent African states over the past 3…
Britain’s Imperial Administrators, 1858–1966
Contents List of Tables List of Maps Introduction Anatomizing the Making of the Generic District Officer An Empire to Administer: the Metropolitan Officer On Company and Other Crown Service Overseas The Indian Civil Service, 1857-1947 The Colonial Administrative Service, 1895-1966 The Sudan Political Service, 1899-1955 Preconsuls at the Top The Transfer of Power and Localization Notes Bibliography Index
The Thin White Line: The Size of the British Colonial Service in Africa
Journal Article THE THIN WHITE LINE: THE SIZE OF THE BRITISH COLONIAL SERVICE IN AFRICA Get access A. H. M. Kirk-Greene A. H. M. Kirk-Greene The author is a Senior Research Fellow in African Studies at St Antony's College, Oxford University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 79, Issue 314, January 1980, Pages 25–44, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097197 Published: 01 Ja…
Power and Diplomacy in Northern Nigeria 1804-1906
A Month and a Day: A Detention Diary
A Month and a Day: A Detention Diary Get access A Month and a Day: A Detention Diary, by Ken Saro-Wiwa. Penguin Books, 1995. xv+238 pp. £6.99 paperback. ISBN 0 14 025868 X. A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE St.Antony's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 95, Issue 379, April 1996, Pages 294–295, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007723 Published: 01 Apr…
Britain’s Imperial Administrators, 1858–1966
Contents List of Tables List of Maps Introduction Anatomizing the Making of the Generic District Officer An Empire to Administer: the Metropolitan Officer On Company and Other Crown Service Overseas The Indian Civil Service, 1857-1947 The Colonial Administrative Service, 1895-1966 The Sudan Political Service, 1899-1955 Preconsuls at the Top The Transfer of Power and Localization Notes Bibliography Index
Partitioned Africans: Ethnic relations across Africa's international boundaries, 1884–1984
Journal Article Partitioned Africans: ethnic relations across Africa's international boundaries, 1884–1984 Get access Partitioned Africans: ethnic relations across Africa's international boundaries, 1884–1984. Edited by A. I. Asiwaju. London: Hurst. 1985. 275 pp. Index. £14.95. ISBN 0 905838 91 2. A. H. M. Kirk-Greene A. H. M. Kirk-Greene 1St Antony's College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interna…
Travellers in Africa: British travelogues, 1850–1900
Journal Article Travellers in Africa: British travelogues, 1850–1900 Get access Travellers in Africa: British travelogues, 1850–1900, by Tim Youngs. Manchester University Press, 1994. xi + 235 pp. £35.00. ISBN 0-7190-3969-X. A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE St Antony's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 94, Issue 376, July 1995, Page 454, https://doi.org/10.1093/…
Symbol of Authority: The British District Officer in Africa
The district officer - the D.O. - was the pivot of the British Colonial Administration throughout the British Empire, as was his counterpart in India - immortalized in Philip Woodruff’s “The Men who Ruled India”. The D.O. who was both administrator and magistrate and the essential link with the professional and technical services and essentially, with the indigenous population - the 600,000,000 people they served - in an empire of service rather …
Ethnic engineering and the ‘federal character’ of Nigeria: Boon of contentment or bone of contention
1983). Ethnic engineering and the ‘federal character’ of Nigeria: Boon of contentment or bone of contention? Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 457-476
His Eternity, His Eccentricity, or His Exemplarity
Journal Article HIS ETERNITY, HIS ECCENTRICITY, OR HIS EXEMPLARITY? A Further Contribution to the Study of H. E. the African Head of State Get access A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE Mr A. H. M. Kirk-Greene is a Lecturer in the Modern History of Africa at Oxford University. This is a revised and shortened version of the Presidential Address to the biennial conference of the African Studies Association of the United Kingdom, held at the U…
Pastoralists of the West African Savanna
Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida
A Selection of Hausa Stories
The progress of pro‐consuls: Advancement and migration among the colonial governors of British African territories, 1900–1965
Short reviews
Donald L, Horowitz, ETHNIC GROUPS IN CONFLICT, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985, 697 pp., $25. Walker Connor (ed.), MEXICAN‐AMERICANS IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE, Washington D. C: The Urban Institute Press, 1985, xxvii + 373pp., $30.00 (h.b), $14.95 (p.b.). Robert Colls and Philip Dodd (eds.), ENGLISHNESS: POLITICS AND CULTURE 1880–1920, Beckenham, Croom Helm, 1986, 378pp., £25.00 Robert Mirak, TORN BETWEEN TWO LANDS: ARMENIANS IN AM…
The British Intellectual Engagement with Africa in the Twentieth Century
Canada in Africa: Sir Percy Girouard, Neglected Colonial Governor
Journal Article CANADA IN AFRICA: SIR PERCY GIROUARD, NEGLECTED COLONIAL GOVERNOR Get access A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE Mr Kirk-Greene is lecturer in the modern history of Africa at Oxford University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 83, Issue 331, April 1984, Pages 207–239, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097606 Published: 01 April 1984
Decolonization: The Ultimate Diaspora
Among the numerous aspects of decolonization (mostly political and economic) studied during the half-century since the beginning of the end of the British Empire, one major social phenomenon has received very little attention in the literature. This is the diaspora of the expatriate career civil servants who were still employed by HM government when independence was granted. Between the transfer of power in India in 1947 and that of Hong Kong in …
State and Society in Francophone Africa since Independence
This book presents a series of essays by leading English and French scholas examining the politics, economics, international relations and defects of the literary scene of France and the former territ
The Presidential Constitution of Nigeria
Journal Article The Presidential Constitution of Nigeria Get access The Presidential Constitution of Nigeria. By B. O. Nwabueze. London: Hurst for Mwamife, Enugu and Lagos. 1982. 558 pp. Index. £19.50. A. H. M. Kirk-Greene A. H. M. Kirk-Greene 1St Antony's College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 59, Issue 1, Winter 1982, Pages 128–129, https://doi.org/10.2307/2620211 P…
The Peoples of Nigeria
Journal Article THE PEOPLES OF NIGERIA: THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND TO THE CRISIS Get access A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 262, January 1967, Pages 3–11, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095561 Published: 01 January 1967
Neologisms in Hausa: A Sociological Approach
Opening ParagraphHausa is probably the most widely spoken language in Negro Africa. Besides being generally spoken throughout Northern Nigeria, its motherland, Hausa is, as Westermann and Bryan note, widely understood in other West African countries. They cite colonies of Hausa-speakers in Dahomey, Togo, Ghana, Cameroons, Chad, and 'many of the greater centres in North Africa'. They could also usefully have mentioned the Sudan, where pilgrims fro…
Gold Coast Diaries: Chronicles of Political Officers in West Africa
Politics and administration in Nigeria
Journal Article Politics and administration in Nigeria Get access Politics and administration in Nigeria. By Ladipo Adamolekun. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum. 1986. (Distrib. in UK by Hutchinson, London.) 203pp. Index. Pb. £6.95. ISBN (Nigeria) 978 2265 86 1; (UK) 0 09 058091 9. A. H. M. Kirk-Greene A. H. M. Kirk-Greene 1St Antony's College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume …
The British Colonial Governor in the Literature
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The Struggle for Secession 1966–70: A personal account of the Nigerian civil war
Journal Article The Struggle for Secession 1966–70: a personal account of the Nigerian civil war Get access The Struggle for Secession 1966–70: a personal account of the Nigerian civil war, by N. U. Akpan. Cass, 1971. 225pp. £3·50. Sunset In Biafra: a civil war diary, by Elechi Amadi. Heinemann, 1973. 184pp. Paperback 70p. The Nigerian Civil War 1967–70: an annotated bibliography, by C. C. Aguolu. G. K. Hall, Boston, Mass., 1973. xx+181pp. $9.50.…
On Swearing. An account of some Judicial Oaths in Northern Nigeria
Opening ParagraphOne of the Lecturers at the University College of Ibadan recently declared that a vital and often neglected source of information for the would-be anthropologist was the tribal court records. Here, written down with the ingenuous casualness of banality, is a treasure-trove of tribal lore and law, superstitions and suppositions, which can provide the anthropologically minded student with hours of absorbing, and sometimes original,…
Tax and Travel among the Hill-Tribes of Northern Adamawa
Opening ParagraphThe area under consideration consists of 1,100 square miles of the Madagali, Cubunawa, and Mubi districts of the northern touring division of Adamawa emirate, whose sub-headquarters at Mubi is responsible to the administrative capital at Yola on the River Benue. It is occupied by a heterogeneous population of fairly primitive pagans, and some 400 square miles of the area are still declared closed territory under the Unsettled Dis…
A Lala Initiation Ceremony
Adamawa Past and Present
America in the Niger Valley: A Colonization Centenary
Barth's Travels in Nigeria. Extracts from the Journal of Heinrich Barth's Travels in Nigeria, 1850-1855
The Emerging States of French Equatorial Africa by Virginia Thompson, Richard Adloff
Book Review| January 01 1962 The Emerging States of French Equatorial Africa by Virginia Thompson, Richard Adloff The Emerging States of French Equatorial Africa. By Thompson, Virginia; Adloff, Richard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960. Pp. 595. $8.75. Anthony Kirk-Greene Anthony Kirk-Greene Institute of Administration Zaria, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1962) 61 (1): 135–13…
The Story of Nigeria. By Michael Crowder. London: Faber, 1962. Pp. 307, ill., maps. 21 s.
A Note on Some Spears from Bornu, Northern Nigeria
Neologisms in Hausa: A Sociological Approach
Opening ParagraphHausa is probably the most widely spoken language in Negro Africa. Besides being generally spoken throughout Northern Nigeria, its motherland, Hausa is, as Westermann and Bryan note, widely understood in other West African countries. They cite colonies of Hausa-speakers in Dahomey, Togo, Ghana, Cameroons, Chad, and 'many of the greater centres in North Africa'. They could also usefully have mentioned the Sudan, where pilgrims fro…
False Start in Africa. By René Dumont. London: André Deutsch, 1966. Pp. 320. 35 s .
Nigerian Government and Politics
Journal Article Nigerian Government and Politics Get access Nigerian Government and Politics, by John P. Mackintoshet al. George Allen and Unwin. 628 pp. 80s. A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE Tunbridge Wells Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 262, January 1967, Pages 69–71, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095567 Published: 01 January 1967
The Peoples of Nigeria
Journal Article THE PEOPLES OF NIGERIA: THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND TO THE CRISIS Get access A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 262, January 1967, Pages 3–11, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095561 Published: 01 January 1967
Some Problems of the African Administrator in the Field Today
Journal Article SOME PROBLEMS OF THE AFRICAN ADMINISTRATOR IN THE FIELD TODAY Get access A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 265, October 1967, Pages 310–323, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095659 Published: 01 October 1967
A Selection of Hausa Stories
Native Races and their Rulers. By C. L. Temple. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1968. Pp. xlix + 252. 75 s .
L'Europe découvre l'Afrique. Par Hubert Deschamps. Paris: Éditions Berger-Levrault, 1967. Pp. 282. F 24
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
Journal Article The Fulani Empire of Sokoto Get access The Fulani Empire of Sokoto, by H. A. S. Johnston. OUP, 1967. xvi, 312pp. 55s. ANTHONY KIRK-GREENE ANTHONY KIRK-GREENE St. Antony's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 67, Issue 268, July 1968, Pages 267–269, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095773 Published: 01 July 1968
Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria. By B. J. Dudley. London: Frank Cass, 1968. Pp. xv + 352, two maps. 63 s.
Hausa Customs. By Ibrahim Madauci, Yahaya Isa, and Bello Daura. Labaru na dā da na Yanzu; Uwar Gulma . By Mohammed Sada. Sakon Mallam . By Ahmed Lemu. Amfanin Abinci . By Garba Malumfashi. Kafawar Mul…
Hausa Customs. By Ibrahim Madauci, Yahaya Isa, and Bello Daura. Labaru na dā da na Yanzu; Uwar Gulma. By Mohammed Sada. Sakon Mallam. By Ahmed Lemu. Amfanin Abinci. By Garba Malumfashi. Kafawar Mulkin Fulani, a Rasar Kwantagora. Zaria: Northern Nigerian Publishing Company. - Volume 39 Issue 4
Administrative Training in Africa: The Northern Nigerian Experience and Beyond
Biafra in Print
Journal Article Biafra in Print Get access Breadless Biafra, by John R. Sullivan. Pflaum Press, Ohio, 1969. 104pp. $1.50. Biafra Journal, by Michael Mok. Time-Life Books, 1969. 95pp. $1.95. Biafra: Tragödie eines begabten Volkes, by Jean Bühler. Flamberg Verlag, Zürich & Stuttgart, 1968. Frs.15. Biafra: naissance d'une nation? by Alain Renard. Aubier, 1969. 255pp. Frs.12. Biafra an II, by François Debré. Julliard, 1968. 219pp. Frs.15. Reflections…
Language Problems of Developing Nations
Journal Article Language Problems of Developing Nations Get access Language Problems of Developing Nations, by Joshua A. Fishman, Charles A. Ferguson and Jyotirinda Das Gupta. John Wiley, 1968. xv, 521pp. 115s. Language Problems in Africa, East African Research Information Centre, 1969. Circular No. 2. 62pp. n.p. ANTHONY KIRK-GREENE ANTHONY KIRK-GREENE St. Antony's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Sch…
The Scramble for Africana
Journal Article THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICANA Get access A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE A. H. M. KIRK-GREENE St. Antony's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 70, Issue 278, January 1971, Pages 77–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096088 Published: 01 January 1971
Status and Use of African Lingua Francas
History (113 works) · Political science (111 works) · African history and culture studies (75 works) · Law (74 works) · Sociology (68 works) · History (64 works) · Law (53 works) · Politics (47 works) · Classics (43 works) · Computer Science (39 works)