Krzysztof Krakowski
Biographic Data
| ID | 358605 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Krzysztof Krakowski |
| GIVEN NAMES | Krzysztof |
| FAMILY NAME | Krakowski |
| SIGNATURE | KRAKOWSKI K |
| AFFILIATIONS | King's College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4731-8051 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 97 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Compliance and accountability-seeking: Evidence from a field experiment in Argentina
Good Citizenship and Native-Immigrant Conflict: Experimental Evidence From Europe
Value conflict is at the heart of opposition to multiculturalism in Europe. Yet previous studies have not established which type of value conflict generates more anti-immigrant bias. We present a simple, cost-effective, and easily scalable experimental design to test how anti-immigrant bias responds to perceptions of value conflict generated by violations of welfare state norms and gender equity norms. Both types of norms are central to public de…
Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland
The idea that debating enhances political knowledge and critical thinking has been entertained by scholars of democracy for a long time. Given recent concern about a crisis of misinformation, we explore the idea that debating makes people less vulnerable to misinformation and conspiracy thinking. In a field experiment, we recruited high school students in 18 schools in Poland (n=430) and assigned them to either a debate workshop or a control cond…
Does political violence backfire in mature democracies? Evidence from the Capitol insurrection in the USA
Does political violence around election times decrease support for political elites associated with violent actions? We address this question in the understudied context of a mature democracy, where established electoral processes, effective accountability mechanisms, and a vibrant civil society are likely to reduce the appeal of violence. In this context, we hypothesize that political violence during election periods decreases support for politi…
Does crime breed authoritarianism? Crime exposure, democratic decoupling and political attitudes in Brazil
How does crime influence democratic attitudes and behaviors? Existing research offers conflicting answers: some argue that crime fosters antidemocratic preferences, while others suggest it increases democratic engagement. To reconcile this paradox, we conceptualize democracy as a multidimensional system with distinct components that can be decoupled. We distinguish between different (anti)democratic preferences tied to core democratic principles …
Ethnoreligious diversity and state-building: Evidence from Pakistan's tribal areas
Does ethnoreligious diversity lead to higher or lower support for a central state? In this study, we propose that the relationship between diversity and state-making depends on the degree of intergroup contact between different ethnoreligious groups, which varies with locally fractionalized and regionally segregated societies. We hypothesize that high intergroup contact in fractionalized localities contributes to intergroup noncooperation that in…
Correcting misperceptions about ethno‐racial discrimination: The limits of evidence‐based awareness raising to promote support for equal‐treatment policies
The disadvantages experienced by minorities and lack of societal remedies are partly attributable to native‐majority citizens’ limited awareness of minority hardships. We investigate whether informing citizens about field‐experimental audits on ethno‐racial discrimination increases their recognition of the issue and support for equal‐treatment policies. Extending a largely US‐centric research frontier, we focus on beliefs about discrimination fac…
Trust intermediary in a cryptomarket for illegal drugs
Cooperation without third-party enforcement is particularly puzzling in illicit online markets given the anonymity of online exchanges in the 'dark web' and the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers. Most of the literature investigates the effects of reputation systems on sales. Less is known about the role of (semi)institutionalized solutions to trust problems, such as the escrow service, which deposits payments for online purchase…
Why Do People Use Informal Justice? Experimental Evidence from Kosovo
Why do some people resolve disputes through the state, while others use religious or customary justice? We address this question by conducting a vignette experiment in Kosovo. We design hypothetical situations in which fictitious characters are involved in disputes regarding inheritance, debt, domestic violence, and murder. We vary information concerning (i) vignette characters’ resources, (ii) their beliefs about the efficiency of state justice,…
Frustrated Aspirations and Different Types of Political Violence: Evidence from "Folk Knowledge" in Kosovo
What are society’s views on the drivers of religious extremism and other types of political violence? We address this question by conducting a large-N vignette experiment in Kosovo. We expose a random sample of the population to hypothetical situations that describe other people’s engagement in religious extremism, ethnic riots, and violent protest. We find that frustrated aspirations of vignette characters—signaled as a mismatch between the char…
Violence Against Politicians, Negative Campaigning, and Public Opinion: Evidence From Poland
It is commonly viewed that violence against politicians increases support for the victim’s party. We revisit this conjecture drawing on evidence from an assassination of an opposition politician in Poland. First, we analyze engagement with Twitter content posted by opposition and government politicians using a difference-in-differences framework. Second, we use a public opinion survey collected in the days around the attack and compare party pref…
Adjustments to gang exposure in early adolescence
The article investigates how exposure to gang-affiliated peers affects social behaviors and attitudes of early adolescents. Much of the literature finds that exposure to gangs contributes to adolescents' antisocial behaviors. According to other studies, however, gang exposure can also promote prosocial behaviors. The present article re-examines this contradictory evidence, exploring potential complementarity of both reactions to gangs. Using a su…
Does State Repression Spark Protests? Evidence from Secret Police Surveillance in Communist Poland
Does physical surveillance hinder or foster antiregime resistance? A common view holds that surveillance prevents resistance by providing regimes with high-quality intelligence on dissident networks and by instilling fear in citizens. We contrast this view using formerly classified data from Communist Poland. We find that communities exposed to secret police officers were more likely to organize protests but also engaged in less sabotage. To ensu…
Pulled Together or Torn Asunder? Community Cohesion After Symmetric and Asymmetric Civil War
Evidence on the consequences of war for community cohesion is mixed, pointing to both positive and negative effects of conflict. This study examines symmetry of force between warring actors as an explanation of heterogeneous conflict effects. Using survey data from 224 Colombian villages, I compare cohesion in communities exposed to asymmetric and symmetric conflicts, a guerrilla war between rebels and the state and a more conventional war betwee…
Ethnic Riots and Prosocial Behavior: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Do ethnic riots affect prosocial behavior? A common view among scholars of ethnic violence is that riots increase cooperation within the warring groups, while cooperation across groups is reduced. We revisit this hypothesis by studying the aftermath of the 2010 Osh riot in Kyrgyzstan, which saw Kyrgyz from outside the city kill over 400 Uzbeks. We implement a representative survey, which includes unobtrusive experimental measures of prosocial beh…
Resisting Displacement amid Armed Conflict: Community-Level Conditions that Make People More Likely to Stay
The paper examines conditions under which communities threatened by armed groups amid the Colombian civil war are most likely to resist displacement. Using a game-theoretic framework and quantitative data, the paper shows that the threatened communities which expect rescue from an armed actor are more likely to resist displacement than those communities which expect no help. Community cohesion has a dual effect on displacement. The amount of peer…
Colombian Paramilitaries Since Demobilization: Between State Crackdown and Increased Violence
This article addresses the puzzle of heterogeneous trends in paramilitary violence on the Colombian Pacific Coast since the beginning of the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) process in 2003. The usual explanations derived from political conflict theories are improved with insights from organized crime research. The article argues that the occasional escalation of post-DDR paramilitary violence at the subregional level cannot b…
Does State Repression Spark Protests? Evidence from Secret Police Surveillance in Communist Poland
Does physical surveillance hinder or foster antiregime resistance? A common view holds that surveillance prevents resistance by providing regimes with high-quality intelligence on dissident networks and by instilling fear in citizens. We contrast this view using formerly classified data from Communist Poland. We find that communities exposed to secret police officers were more likely to organize protests but also engaged in less sabotage. To ensu…
Ethnic Riots and Prosocial Behavior: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Do ethnic riots affect prosocial behavior? A common view among scholars of ethnic violence is that riots increase cooperation within the warring groups, while cooperation across groups is reduced. We revisit this hypothesis by studying the aftermath of the 2010 Osh riot in Kyrgyzstan, which saw Kyrgyz from outside the city kill over 400 Uzbeks. We implement a representative survey, which includes unobtrusive experimental measures of prosocial beh…
Violence Against Politicians, Negative Campaigning, and Public Opinion: Evidence From Poland
It is commonly viewed that violence against politicians increases support for the victim’s party. We revisit this conjecture drawing on evidence from an assassination of an opposition politician in Poland. First, we analyze engagement with Twitter content posted by opposition and government politicians using a difference-in-differences framework. Second, we use a public opinion survey collected in the days around the attack and compare party pref…
Does crime breed authoritarianism? Crime exposure, democratic decoupling and political attitudes in Brazil
How does crime influence democratic attitudes and behaviors? Existing research offers conflicting answers: some argue that crime fosters antidemocratic preferences, while others suggest it increases democratic engagement. To reconcile this paradox, we conceptualize democracy as a multidimensional system with distinct components that can be decoupled. We distinguish between different (anti)democratic preferences tied to core democratic principles …
Pulled Together or Torn Asunder? Community Cohesion After Symmetric and Asymmetric Civil War
Evidence on the consequences of war for community cohesion is mixed, pointing to both positive and negative effects of conflict. This study examines symmetry of force between warring actors as an explanation of heterogeneous conflict effects. Using survey data from 224 Colombian villages, I compare cohesion in communities exposed to asymmetric and symmetric conflicts, a guerrilla war between rebels and the state and a more conventional war betwee…
Resisting Displacement amid Armed Conflict: Community-Level Conditions that Make People More Likely to Stay
The paper examines conditions under which communities threatened by armed groups amid the Colombian civil war are most likely to resist displacement. Using a game-theoretic framework and quantitative data, the paper shows that the threatened communities which expect rescue from an armed actor are more likely to resist displacement than those communities which expect no help. Community cohesion has a dual effect on displacement. The amount of peer…
Does political violence backfire in mature democracies? Evidence from the Capitol insurrection in the USA
Does political violence around election times decrease support for political elites associated with violent actions? We address this question in the understudied context of a mature democracy, where established electoral processes, effective accountability mechanisms, and a vibrant civil society are likely to reduce the appeal of violence. In this context, we hypothesize that political violence during election periods decreases support for politi…
Colombian Paramilitaries Since Demobilization: Between State Crackdown and Increased Violence
This article addresses the puzzle of heterogeneous trends in paramilitary violence on the Colombian Pacific Coast since the beginning of the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) process in 2003. The usual explanations derived from political conflict theories are improved with insights from organized crime research. The article argues that the occasional escalation of post-DDR paramilitary violence at the subregional level cannot b…
Adjustments to gang exposure in early adolescence
The article investigates how exposure to gang-affiliated peers affects social behaviors and attitudes of early adolescents. Much of the literature finds that exposure to gangs contributes to adolescents' antisocial behaviors. According to other studies, however, gang exposure can also promote prosocial behaviors. The present article re-examines this contradictory evidence, exploring potential complementarity of both reactions to gangs. Using a su…
Good Citizenship and Native-Immigrant Conflict: Experimental Evidence From Europe
Value conflict is at the heart of opposition to multiculturalism in Europe. Yet previous studies have not established which type of value conflict generates more anti-immigrant bias. We present a simple, cost-effective, and easily scalable experimental design to test how anti-immigrant bias responds to perceptions of value conflict generated by violations of welfare state norms and gender equity norms. Both types of norms are central to public de…
Why Do People Use Informal Justice? Experimental Evidence from Kosovo
Why do some people resolve disputes through the state, while others use religious or customary justice? We address this question by conducting a vignette experiment in Kosovo. We design hypothetical situations in which fictitious characters are involved in disputes regarding inheritance, debt, domestic violence, and murder. We vary information concerning (i) vignette characters’ resources, (ii) their beliefs about the efficiency of state justice,…
Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland
The idea that debating enhances political knowledge and critical thinking has been entertained by scholars of democracy for a long time. Given recent concern about a crisis of misinformation, we explore the idea that debating makes people less vulnerable to misinformation and conspiracy thinking. In a field experiment, we recruited high school students in 18 schools in Poland (n=430) and assigned them to either a debate workshop or a control cond…
Correcting misperceptions about ethno‐racial discrimination: The limits of evidence‐based awareness raising to promote support for equal‐treatment policies
The disadvantages experienced by minorities and lack of societal remedies are partly attributable to native‐majority citizens’ limited awareness of minority hardships. We investigate whether informing citizens about field‐experimental audits on ethno‐racial discrimination increases their recognition of the issue and support for equal‐treatment policies. Extending a largely US‐centric research frontier, we focus on beliefs about discrimination fac…
Trust intermediary in a cryptomarket for illegal drugs
Cooperation without third-party enforcement is particularly puzzling in illicit online markets given the anonymity of online exchanges in the 'dark web' and the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers. Most of the literature investigates the effects of reputation systems on sales. Less is known about the role of (semi)institutionalized solutions to trust problems, such as the escrow service, which deposits payments for online purchase…
Colombian Paramilitaries Since Demobilization: Between State Crackdown and Increased Violence
This article addresses the puzzle of heterogeneous trends in paramilitary violence on the Colombian Pacific Coast since the beginning of the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) process in 2003. The usual explanations derived from political conflict theories are improved with insights from organized crime research. The article argues that the occasional escalation of post-DDR paramilitary violence at the subregional level cannot b…
Resisting Displacement amid Armed Conflict: Community-Level Conditions that Make People More Likely to Stay
The paper examines conditions under which communities threatened by armed groups amid the Colombian civil war are most likely to resist displacement. Using a game-theoretic framework and quantitative data, the paper shows that the threatened communities which expect rescue from an armed actor are more likely to resist displacement than those communities which expect no help. Community cohesion has a dual effect on displacement. The amount of peer…
Ethnic Riots and Prosocial Behavior: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Do ethnic riots affect prosocial behavior? A common view among scholars of ethnic violence is that riots increase cooperation within the warring groups, while cooperation across groups is reduced. We revisit this hypothesis by studying the aftermath of the 2010 Osh riot in Kyrgyzstan, which saw Kyrgyz from outside the city kill over 400 Uzbeks. We implement a representative survey, which includes unobtrusive experimental measures of prosocial beh…
Pulled Together or Torn Asunder? Community Cohesion After Symmetric and Asymmetric Civil War
Evidence on the consequences of war for community cohesion is mixed, pointing to both positive and negative effects of conflict. This study examines symmetry of force between warring actors as an explanation of heterogeneous conflict effects. Using survey data from 224 Colombian villages, I compare cohesion in communities exposed to asymmetric and symmetric conflicts, a guerrilla war between rebels and the state and a more conventional war betwee…
Violence Against Politicians, Negative Campaigning, and Public Opinion: Evidence From Poland
It is commonly viewed that violence against politicians increases support for the victim’s party. We revisit this conjecture drawing on evidence from an assassination of an opposition politician in Poland. First, we analyze engagement with Twitter content posted by opposition and government politicians using a difference-in-differences framework. Second, we use a public opinion survey collected in the days around the attack and compare party pref…
Adjustments to gang exposure in early adolescence
The article investigates how exposure to gang-affiliated peers affects social behaviors and attitudes of early adolescents. Much of the literature finds that exposure to gangs contributes to adolescents' antisocial behaviors. According to other studies, however, gang exposure can also promote prosocial behaviors. The present article re-examines this contradictory evidence, exploring potential complementarity of both reactions to gangs. Using a su…
Does State Repression Spark Protests? Evidence from Secret Police Surveillance in Communist Poland
Does physical surveillance hinder or foster antiregime resistance? A common view holds that surveillance prevents resistance by providing regimes with high-quality intelligence on dissident networks and by instilling fear in citizens. We contrast this view using formerly classified data from Communist Poland. We find that communities exposed to secret police officers were more likely to organize protests but also engaged in less sabotage. To ensu…
Why Do People Use Informal Justice? Experimental Evidence from Kosovo
Why do some people resolve disputes through the state, while others use religious or customary justice? We address this question by conducting a vignette experiment in Kosovo. We design hypothetical situations in which fictitious characters are involved in disputes regarding inheritance, debt, domestic violence, and murder. We vary information concerning (i) vignette characters’ resources, (ii) their beliefs about the efficiency of state justice,…
Frustrated Aspirations and Different Types of Political Violence: Evidence from "Folk Knowledge" in Kosovo
What are society’s views on the drivers of religious extremism and other types of political violence? We address this question by conducting a large-N vignette experiment in Kosovo. We expose a random sample of the population to hypothetical situations that describe other people’s engagement in religious extremism, ethnic riots, and violent protest. We find that frustrated aspirations of vignette characters—signaled as a mismatch between the char…
Correcting misperceptions about ethno‐racial discrimination: The limits of evidence‐based awareness raising to promote support for equal‐treatment policies
The disadvantages experienced by minorities and lack of societal remedies are partly attributable to native‐majority citizens’ limited awareness of minority hardships. We investigate whether informing citizens about field‐experimental audits on ethno‐racial discrimination increases their recognition of the issue and support for equal‐treatment policies. Extending a largely US‐centric research frontier, we focus on beliefs about discrimination fac…
Trust intermediary in a cryptomarket for illegal drugs
Cooperation without third-party enforcement is particularly puzzling in illicit online markets given the anonymity of online exchanges in the 'dark web' and the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers. Most of the literature investigates the effects of reputation systems on sales. Less is known about the role of (semi)institutionalized solutions to trust problems, such as the escrow service, which deposits payments for online purchase…
Compliance and accountability-seeking: Evidence from a field experiment in Argentina
Good Citizenship and Native-Immigrant Conflict: Experimental Evidence From Europe
Value conflict is at the heart of opposition to multiculturalism in Europe. Yet previous studies have not established which type of value conflict generates more anti-immigrant bias. We present a simple, cost-effective, and easily scalable experimental design to test how anti-immigrant bias responds to perceptions of value conflict generated by violations of welfare state norms and gender equity norms. Both types of norms are central to public de…
Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland
The idea that debating enhances political knowledge and critical thinking has been entertained by scholars of democracy for a long time. Given recent concern about a crisis of misinformation, we explore the idea that debating makes people less vulnerable to misinformation and conspiracy thinking. In a field experiment, we recruited high school students in 18 schools in Poland (n=430) and assigned them to either a debate workshop or a control cond…
Does political violence backfire in mature democracies? Evidence from the Capitol insurrection in the USA
Does political violence around election times decrease support for political elites associated with violent actions? We address this question in the understudied context of a mature democracy, where established electoral processes, effective accountability mechanisms, and a vibrant civil society are likely to reduce the appeal of violence. In this context, we hypothesize that political violence during election periods decreases support for politi…
Does crime breed authoritarianism? Crime exposure, democratic decoupling and political attitudes in Brazil
How does crime influence democratic attitudes and behaviors? Existing research offers conflicting answers: some argue that crime fosters antidemocratic preferences, while others suggest it increases democratic engagement. To reconcile this paradox, we conceptualize democracy as a multidimensional system with distinct components that can be decoupled. We distinguish between different (anti)democratic preferences tied to core democratic principles …
Ethnoreligious diversity and state-building: Evidence from Pakistan's tribal areas
Does ethnoreligious diversity lead to higher or lower support for a central state? In this study, we propose that the relationship between diversity and state-making depends on the degree of intergroup contact between different ethnoreligious groups, which varies with locally fractionalized and regionally segregated societies. We hypothesize that high intergroup contact in fractionalized localities contributes to intergroup noncooperation that in…
Law (14 works) · Political science (14 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Law (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (7 works) · Criminology (6 works) · Political economy (6 works)