Krishan Kumar
Biographic Data
| ID | 3586568 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Krishan Kumar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Krishan |
| FAMILY NAME | Kumar |
| SIGNATURE | KUMAR K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Virginia |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9429-3147 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 113 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 445 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 112 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Context-Aware Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning System for Emotion Recognition in Human-Computer Interaction
Emotion recognition in human–computer interaction (HCI) is a complex yet essential task with wide-ranging applications in mental health monitoring, intelligent systems, and user experience enhancement. This research proposes a context-aware Natural Language Processing (NLP) and deep learning-based framework for accurate detection of emotional states (ES) from human communication. Unlike traditional approaches that rely solely on acoustic or lexic…
Urban Green Space Assessment Index (Ugsai)
Urban green spaces (UGS) are essential for improving urban life and supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs 3, 11, 15). This study introduces Urban Green Spaces Assessment Index (UGSAI)—a novel, replicable framework—to evaluate UGS distribution across five Delhi municipalities using six attributes: Green Coverage (GC), Green Index (GI), Impermeable Surface Area (ISA), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Population Density (PD) a…
Max Weber and China
While Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism has received extensive discussion, it is only recently that attention has turned to his later work, The Religion of China , even though for Weber the two studies were intrinsically linked. This article seeks to put the two in dialogue with each other, but the weight of the account is on Weber’s analysis of Chinese culture and society, and especially his argument that it was the e…
Reclaiming Empire
Krishan Kumar explores the renewed scholarly and public interest in empires, particularly the British Empire, and the often contentious debates surrounding its legacy. These debates are characterized by extreme politicization and suspicion of any attempts at a more balanced appraisal. Kumar argues that it is an aberration to identify criticism of empires with postimperial political moment informed by the fall of the Soviet Union, American interve…
History, sociology and the study of empires
Despite the urging of classical sociologists such as Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, history and sociology have largely followed different professional and institutional tracks. The result has been detrimental to both disciplines. The loss is especially apparent in the study of empires. Historians have made great contributions to the study of individual empires but have been reluctant to theorize and generalize about them. Sociologists for their pa…
Modernity's Corruption
The Factors Impacting Over Organic Product’s Market
Since ancient times, India has employed the organic farming technique, which is primarily concerned with producing agricultural products that are sustainable in a clean, unpolluted environment. In order to achieve the necessary agricultural production for human consumption, organic production methods make use of natural resources, maintaining the ecosystem and ecology alive and well. Using naturally occurring resources as inputs, such as organic …
The Nation in British Literature and Culture
The Nation and British Literature and Culture charts the emergence of Britain as a political, social and cultural construct, examining the manner in which its constituent elements were brought together through a process of amalgamation and conquest. The fashioning of the nation through literature and culture is examined, as well as counter narratives that have sought to call national orthodoxies into question. Specific topics explored include the…
The Cambridge History of Nationhood and Nationalism
This major new reference work with contributions from an international team of scholars provides a comprehensive account of ideas and practices of nationhood and nationalism from antiquity to the present. It considers both continuities and discontinuities, engaging critically and analytically with the scholarly literature in the field. In volume II, leading scholars in their fields explore the dynamics of nationhood and nationalism's interactions…
Mind-body practice as a primer to maintain psychological health among pregnant women–Yogesta–a randomized controlled trial
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Gestational Yoga-YOGESTA (Gestational Yoga), on the neuropsychology, quality of life, and personality of pregnant women. Design: Open label, randomized controlled trial, used allocation concealment to allocate the treatment. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and…
Thinking Utopia
After the breakdown of socialist and communist systems in the East, it had become fashionable to declare the so-called "end of utopia" ("end of history," "end of narratives"). The authors of this volume do not share this view but think that it is time to rehabilitate utopian thought. The political concept of Utopia that has given its name to these transcendental projections onto the world has been too narrow to describe and analyze the moving for…
Effect of breathing intervention in patients with Covid and healthcare workers
http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php, identifier: CTRI/2020/10/028195
What can the Chinese experience of empire tell us about the Belt and Road Initiative
Empire and imperialism
Empires have been a persistent part of human history, from the earliest times until at least the late twentieth century. Why has that been so? What are the principal features of empires? What accounts for their long-lasting character? What are the differences (and similarities) between land and overseas empires? Imperialism and nationalism have long been assumed to be antagonistic principles, but how true is that? What is their relation? What is …
Observation of aerosol induced ‘lower tropospheric cooling’ over Indian core monsoon region
Aerosols play a significant role in regional scale pollution that alters the cloud formation process, radiation budget, and climate. Here, using long-term (2003–2019) observations from multi-satellite and ground-based remote sensors, we show robust aerosol-induced instantaneous daytime lower tropospheric cooling during the pre-monsoon season over the Indian core monsoon region (ICMR). Quantitatively, an average cooling of −0.82 °C ± 0.11 °C to −1…
Safai Karamchari (Sanitary Workers)/Scavenger Community and Risk of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic in India
Being a developing country with a large population with high density, India was on high alert for the COVID-19 pandemic. India overcame much difficulty from the first wave, but was soon after smacked by the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to its contiguous nature, people were advised to stay in their home, but some people have to continue their work to maintain public health, law and order and provide necessary services. Sanitary worker…
Indian Inclusion Efforts Relevance to Scavenger Community
Manual scavenging is a caste-based occupation (Shahid, 2015, Social Change, 45(2), 242–255). It involves the manual removal of human excreta from dry latrines and septic tanks (using basic tools such as tin boards, buckets and baskets lined with sacking) and then carrying it on the head or shoulder and disposing it away (Kumar, 2014, Scavenger community at the crossroads: Reflection on state intervention). Broadly, these people work in municipal …
Thick multiculturalism
Tariq Modood has for many years been an eloquent and persuasive spokesman for the theory and politics of multiculturalism. As attacks on it have mounted in recent years – ‘multiculturalism is dead’
Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism
Colony and empire, colonialism and imperialism, are often treated as synonyms.This can be acceptable for many purposes. But there may be also good reasons to distinguish between them. This article considers in detail one important attempt in that direction by the classicist Moses Finley. It argues that there is considerable strength in that approach, putting the stress as it does on the distinctiveness of the settler community. It is also valuabl…
What’s in a Name? Should We Distinguish Colonialism and Imperialism
Obwohl im allgemeinen und zumeist auch akademischen Gebrauch nicht zwischen Kolonialismus und Imperialismus unterschieden wird, plädieren einige Wissenschaftler für eine klare analytische Differenzierung zwischen den beiden Begriffen. Ein bekannter Vertreter dieser Auffassung ist der Altphilologe Moses Finley, der im Besonderen den Begriff „Kolonie“ so definieren möchte, dass er sich von „Imperium“ unterscheidet. Sicherlich bringt ein solches Vor…
States and Nations, Power and Civility
The Clamour of Nationalism
The Idea of the Muslim World
Ever since the publication of Samuel Huntington's famous article, “The Clash of Civilizations?,” in the summer 1993 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs, the idea that there is a fundamental conflict between Muslim and non-Muslim, especially Christian, civilizations has gained ground. This idea was of course powerfully reinforced by the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. It was widely pr…
Thermal analysis of solar updraft tower by using different absorbers with convergent chimney
Yael Tamir, Why Nationalism
Civil Society
Civil society has been on the lips of many theoricians of the 1989 revolutions, in the West as well as in East Central Europe. The hope is that civil society, as a concept and a programme, will help post-communist societies out of their current political predicament. How reasonable a hope is this ? How useful is the concept of civil society at the present time ; either in the East or the West ? This paper first considers the historical career of …
Nation-states as empires, empires as nation-states
Public and private in thought and practice
Negotiating English identity
The current interest in Englishness and English national identity, spurred partly by parliamentary devolution to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, has been accompanied by calls for an English parliament and even the promotion of a robust English nationalism. This article argues that this is a mistaken direction for the English. English traditions have been non-national and even supra-national. English identities have been especially bound up …
Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism
Colony and empire, colonialism and imperialism, are often treated as synonyms.This can be acceptable for many purposes. But there may be also good reasons to distinguish between them. This article considers in detail one important attempt in that direction by the classicist Moses Finley. It argues that there is considerable strength in that approach, putting the stress as it does on the distinctiveness of the settler community. It is also valuabl…
English and French national identity
The English and the French are both former imperial peoples, and to that extent they share certain features of national identity common to peoples who have had empires. That includes a ‘missionary’ sense of themselves, a feeling that they have, or have had, a purpose in the world wider than the concerns of non‐imperial nations. I argue that nevertheless the English and the French have diverged substantially in their self‐conceptions. This I put d…
Empire and English nationalism
Aspects of the Western Utopian Tradition
The western utopia has both classical and Judaeo-Christian roots. From the Greeks came the form of the ideal city, based on reason, from Jews and Christians the idea of deliverance through a messiah and the culmination of history in the millennium. The Greek conception placed utopia in an ideal space, the Christian conception in an ideal time. The modern utopia, dating from Thomas More's Utopia (1516), drew upon both these traditions but added so…
The Portable Home
Much commentary indicates that, starting from the 19th century, the home has become the privileged site of private life. In doing so it has established an increasingly rigid separation between the private and public spheres. This article does not disagree with this basic conviction. But we argue that, in more recent times, there has been a further development, in that the private life of the home has been carried into the public sphere-what we ca…
Sociology and the Englishness of English Social Theory
Although England has a rich tradition of social and political thought, sociology does not figure strongly in this tradition. Several influential accounts-such as those by Noel Annan, Philip Abrams, and Perry Anderson-exist to explain this fact. I examine these accounts and, while largely agreeing with the explanations, question whether we should accept the authors' conclusions. In particular, we need to ask whether England was so different from o…
The Return of Civilization-and of Arnold Toynbee
After a period of neglect, civilization as a concept seems once more to have regained popularity among a number of historians and social scientists. Why? What is the appeal of civilization today? And might the return of civilization also herald a return to the work of Arnold Toynbee, once regarded as the towering figure of civilizational analysis? This paper considers the history of the concept of civilization, and argues for the continuing impor…
Greece and Rome in the British Empire
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The 1989 Revolutions and the Idea of Europe
Central Europe’, as an entity historically and culturally different from ‘Eastern Europe’, was a rallying cry and focus of opposition for many intellectuals in East Central Europe during the 1980s. In the 1989 revolutions it seemed to have found its time, the moment when it could seek to realize itself in practice. What are the claims for Central Europe? What do they tell us about the aspirations of the post-communist states in the region? What i…
Authority, State and National Character
Ideology and sociology
Ideology was a favourite and much-discussed concept for many sociologists in the decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Undoubtedly this was mainly connected to Marxism, but Karl Mannheim—as a critic of Marx—had his part to play in this too. Ideology, and with it Mannheim's work, fell into disfavour with the retreat from Marxism in the 1980s and 1990s. But one could argue that much of what Mannheim discussed under the heading 'ideology' can now be found…
The revolutions of 1989
The Ends of Utopia
The "death of utopia" has been frequently announced, and as frequently denied. This article considers the reasons both for the announcements and the denials. It looks in particular at Fredric Jameson's recent claim that not only are utopias necessary today but that utopia is well and thriving. I express skepticism towards this claim, as towards others of a similar kind. I also consider the variety of utopia known as utopian social theory, a cousi…
English and British National Identity
National identities in the British Isles have been a neglected subject of study for a long time, though interest has been growing recently. Why the neglect, and why the new interest? This article proposes that much of the puzzle has to do with the peculiar, and dominating, position of England historically within the United Kingdom. This has led to a relative indifference to questions of national identity on the part of the English, and, by a defe…
Civil Society Again
L'objet de cet article est de clarifier ce que l'on designe sous le terme de « societe civile » en examinant plusieurs definitions de cette notion. A mi-chemin entre la reification de la nature et celle de l'Etat, la « societe civile » incarne l'humanite libre et rappelle que la liberte sociale n'est jamais garantie. Selon l'A., la societe civile ne se pose pas contre l'Etat mais au contraire leurs interactions invitent a se tourner vers la tradi…
The time of empire
General and comparative studies of empire - like those of revolution - often suffer from insufficient attention to chronology. Time expresses itself both in the form that empires occur, often in succession to each other - the Roman, the Holy Roman, the Spanish, etc. - and, equally, in an awareness that this succession links empires in a genealogical sense, as part of a family of empires. This article explores the implications of taking time serio…
The Past in the Present
Historical sociology has achieved a reasonable degree of respectability in the discipline, and there is much interesting work being produced. But a pronounced aspect of much of this work is an indifference to the question of the value of studying the past as a way to understanding the present. This article argues that, rather than trying to outdo the historians by producing "better," more theoretically sophisticated history, sociologists would be…
Debate on Krishan Kumar's The Making of English National Identity
From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society
The Information Age
From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society
Men in Groups
The Sociology of British Communism
Civilisation at the crossroads
Inventing the future in spite of futurology
The Image of the Future
The Shadow In the Cave
Holding the Middle Ground
Unlike most other broadcasting organizations, the BBC has managed to fend off identification both with the state and with commerce. The sources of this unusual degree of autonomy are traced back to the era of Lord Reith. But the balance is a precarious one, entailing various 'strategies of survival' on the part of the BBC. One such strategy is seen in the careful selection and promotion of a small group of professional broadcasters-announcers, ne…
Industrialism and Post-Industrialism
Revolution and Industrial Society
Whereas revolution has been a characteristic phenomenon of Third World societies in this century, in the industrial societies it has been conspicuous chiefly by its absence. The reasons for this have to do with the changed conditions and different historical context of action which confront any attempt at revolution in presentday industrial societies, making a recurrence of revolution on the classic European pattern of the past two centuries high…
Can the Workers Be Revolutionary
In recent years there has been a marked revival of Marxism in the intellectual life of western societies. This has resulted not only in some impressive synoptic studies dealing with the structure of contemporary capitalist societies, but in a renewed concern with social change in these societies, and specifically with the role of the working class in the future transformation of capitalist society. This paper questions the importance attached to …
I. Revolution in Industrial Societies
Prophecy and Progress
Prophecy and Progress
Prophecy and Progress
Thoughts on the present discontents in Britain
States and Social Revolutions
On the Roads to Modernity -- Conscience, Science and Civilizations. Selected Writings by Benjamin Nelson
Class and political action in nineteenth-century England
Political sociology has from its very inception had an overriding concern with the nature of political order and stability, and the threats to that stability. Ever since 'the entry of the masses on to the stage of history', at the time of the French Revolution, one source of that threat has regularly been seen as the industrial working class. That has been so, whether the threat was perceived by the liberal centre and conservative right; or wheth…
Unemployment as a Problem in the Development of Industrial Societies
Unemployment, as a concept and as a mass phenomenon, is a relatively new thing in western society. It was largely elaborated and experienced in the period from the 1890s to the 1930s. What did it mean to be 'unemployed' before that time? What was the nature of 'the economy of the poor', and how far did unemployment in the household and informal economy balance unemployment in the formal economy? Using largely the evidence of Poor Law policies and…
Great revolutions compared
(1986). Great revolutions compared: The search for a theory. History of European Ideas: Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 680-682
Herbert Spencer
The Limits to Growth Politics
Theories of Industrial Society
The Post-Industrial Utopians
Despotism and Differential Reproduction
Sociology (81 works) · Political science (76 works) · Law (61 works) · Philosophy (42 works) · Politics (41 works) · History (36 works) · Law (36 works) · Epistemology (35 works) · Social science (23 works) · Philosophy (22 works)