Wallace Chafe
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3589343 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Wallace Chafe |
| PRENOMES | Wallace |
| SOBRENOME | Chafe |
| ASSINATURA | CHAFE W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 74 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 195 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 74 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1959 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and Point of View
A noun in its sentence plays many roles, or has the potential of doing so. For example, according to one traditional way of sorting out some of these roles the noun Betty in the sentence Betty peeled the onions might be said to function simultaneously as the grammatical (or superficial) subject, as the logical subject, and as the psychological subject (e.g., Hornby 1972 ). A typical way of demonstrating the independence of these three roles is to…
A Grammar of the Seneca Language
The Seneca language belongs to the Northern Iroquoian branch of the Iroquoian language family, where its closest relatives are Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and Tuscarora. Seneca holds special typological interest because of its high degree of polysynthesis and fusion. It is historically important because of its central role in the Longhouse religion and its place in the pioneering linguistic work of the 19th century missionary Asher Wright. …
Thought-Based Linguistics
Caddo
Caddo is a member of the Caddoan language family, which includes also Wichita, Kitsai, Pawnee, and Arikara. Its verbs are typically polysynthetic, with a base composed of a variety of elements that include incorporated noun roots and various derivational prefixes and suffixes. This base is accompanied by pronominal prefixes expressing person and number and their role as agents, patients, or beneficiaries. Unusual is the division of these pronomin…
From thoughts to sounds
Mechanisms of Syntactic Change
Academic Speaking
Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 26-40
Three approaches to the evaluation of knowledge
What follows is a byproduct of a larger work in progress that tries to show the benefits of a ‘thought-oriented’ linguistics, in contrast to the traditional ‘sound-oriented’ approach (Chafe, in press). It seems obvious that language begins with thoughts in the mind of a speaker and ends with some facsimile of those thoughts in the mind of a listener. Sounds make this communication possible, but they are not the driving force behind the structure …
The Seneca Amplification Construction
The polysynthetic morphology of the Northern Iroquoian languages presents a challenge to studies of clause combining. The discussion here focuses on a Seneca construction that may appear within a single clause but may also straddle clause boundaries. It amplifies the information provided by a referent, here called the trigger, that is introduced by the pronominal prefix within a verb or occasionally in some other way. The particle neh signals tha…
Information Flow in Seneca and English
Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 14-24
Letters to Language
Letters to Language Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, Olga Fischer, Alan S. Kaye, Marit Vamarasi, and Wallace Chafe Language accepts letters from readers that briefly and succinctly respond to or comment upon either material published previously in the journal or issues deemed of importance to the field. The editor reserves the right to edit letters as needed. Brief replies from relevant parties are included as warranted. Credit where credit is due Februa…
On the "Rhetorics" of Linguists
Searching for meaning in language
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The Earliest European Encounters with Iroquoian Languages
A Linguist's Perspective on William James and “The Stream of Thought”
What are S, A, and O
The letters S, A, and O have been used heuristically for distinguishing ergative-absolutive languages from nominative-accusative languages. This schema, however, has serious disadvantages for the understanding of individual grammars and even more for broad typological work, because it obscures the incommensurable ways in which participants may be related to events or states. Three of these ways are described here and their incommensurability demo…
Floyd Glenn Lounsbury, 1914-1998
Floyd G. Lounsbury (1914-1998), one of the 20th century's most influential anthropological linguistics, will be remembered especially for his contributions to three major areas of scholarship: Iroquoian linguistics, the analysis of kinship systems, and the decipherment of Mayan hieroglyphs. His earliest Iroquoian work was with the Oneida language in Wisconsin, and his description of the verb morphology of Oneida became the basis for all future st…
Things We Can Learn From Repeated Tellings of the Same Experience
The study of repeated tellings of the same experience by the same speaker has been a neglected source of insights into the human mind. The content of the mind (here termed underlying experience) cannot be equated with any particular verbalization of it. Language, mental imagery, and emotions provide different windows on it, but the very fact that repeated tellings differ shows that language is not in any one-to-one relation with it. The compariso…
The Interplay of Syntax and Prosody in the Expression of Thoughts
Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Structure (1997)
How consciousness shapes language
I begin by distinguishing constant properties of consciousness (a focus and periphery, constant movement, a point of view, and the need for background orientation) from variable properties (the different sources of conscious experience, immediacy vs. displacement, factuality vs. fictionality, degrees of interestingness, and verbality vs. nonverbality). Foci of active consciousness are seen as reflected in language in intonation units. Within them…
The Realis-Irrealis Distinction in Caddo, the Northern Iroquoian Languages, and English
Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication
Preface List of abbreviations Part I. Functional Sentence Perspective in Written Communication: 1. Introduction 2. The sentence and the carriers of communicative dynamism 3. The contextual factor 4. The semantic factor 5. The theme and the non-theme 6. Some special issues of the theory of functional sentence perspective 7. Word order and functional sentence perspective Part II. Functional Sentence Perspective in Spoken Communication 8. Non-prosod…
Evidentiality
Cognitive constraints on information flow
Properties of Spoken and Written Language
Language and Consciousness
The notion of consciousness is seen as being important to linguistics as well as psychology, and specifically to the linguistic distinction between GIVEN and NEW information. Given information is suggested to be that which the speaker assumes to be already present in the addressee's consciousness at the time of an utterance, and an example is discussed at length. Some attention is then given to contrastiveness, a separate phenomenon which is apt …
The Ordering of Phonological Rules
Ethnographic Semantics
Ethnographic semantics is the description of semantic characteristics that are culturally revealing. In anthropology it has come to include a number of different types of analysis which have so far been used mostly in studies of kinship and folk science. These are contrast-level mapping, componential analysis, programmed specification, and various uses of semantic rules, notably reduction analysis. Contrast-level study is the mapping of native wo…
Internal Reconstruction in Seneca
2. Only three papers concerned primarily with the theory of internal reconstruction have appeared in this country in relatively recent years;2 two of these were earlier and later treatments of the same subject by the same author. A few additional papers have dealt with the internal reconstruction of specific features in specific languages, on a more or less ad hoc theoretical basis.3 I shall comment only on certain aspects of the papers by Hoenig…
The Caddoan, Iroquoian, and Siouan Languages
Seneca Morphology and Dictionary
Meaning in Language
Evidentiality
Things We Can Learn From Repeated Tellings of the Same Experience
The study of repeated tellings of the same experience by the same speaker has been a neglected source of insights into the human mind. The content of the mind (here termed underlying experience) cannot be equated with any particular verbalization of it. Language, mental imagery, and emotions provide different windows on it, but the very fact that repeated tellings differ shows that language is not in any one-to-one relation with it. The compariso…
Prehistoric Divergences and Recontacts between Cayuga, Seneca, and the Other Northern Iroquoian Languages
Language and Memory
Linguistic and psychological concerns are seen to converge in the area of semantics in such a way as to suggest the value, for both disciplines, of ‘psychosemantic’ studies. This paper illustrates some of the possibilities by providing linguistic evidence for three kinds of memory, called surface, shallow, and deep. The evidence deals with the occurrence of temporal adverbs in English and with their intonation and order, as well as with the non-g…
Estimates regarding the Present Speakers of North American Indian Languages
Phonetics, Semantics, and Language
The term semantic structure is one that is often encountered these days. Some very rewarding effort has gone into the study of phenomena embraced by this term, but there is still no clear picture of the relationship between semantic structure, whatever it is, and language structure as we know it. One view, and probably the most explicit, has been that ‘semology’ constitutes a third subdivision of language, on a par with phonology and grammar (or …
Linguistic Evidence for the Relative Age of Iroquois Religious Practices
Searching for meaning in language
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Beyond bartlett
Corrected Estimates regarding Speakers of Indian Languages
Seneca Thanksgiving Rituals
On the "Rhetorics" of Linguists
Humor as a Disabling Mechanism
Directionality and Paraphrase
The ‘balanced’ or ‘generative semantic’ view of language is assumed to be correct, but is seen as giving rise to certain other fundamental questions. One is the question of directionality. Contrary to what has been the dominant view, it is argued here that language exhibits a directionality from semantics to phonetics, and several kinds of evidence are presented. The discussion focuses on the directionality of well-formedness, the directionality …
Aspects of Phonological Theory
Language as Symbolization
Language is viewed as a system in which semological structures, manifested in experience, are symbolized by phonological structures, manifested in sound. Other animal communication systems exhibit a one-to-one symbolization of semological units by phonological units. The evolutionary expansion of human experience was accompanied by developments through which language came to diverge radically from the one-to-one model. Shorter term (non-evolution…
Another Look at Siouan and Iroquoian
Floyd Glenn Lounsbury, 1914-1998
Floyd G. Lounsbury (1914-1998), one of the 20th century's most influential anthropological linguistics, will be remembered especially for his contributions to three major areas of scholarship: Iroquoian linguistics, the analysis of kinship systems, and the decipherment of Mayan hieroglyphs. His earliest Iroquoian work was with the Oneida language in Wisconsin, and his description of the verb morphology of Oneida became the basis for all future st…
Internal Reconstruction in Seneca
2. Only three papers concerned primarily with the theory of internal reconstruction have appeared in this country in relatively recent years;2 two of these were earlier and later treatments of the same subject by the same author. A few additional papers have dealt with the internal reconstruction of specific features in specific languages, on a more or less ad hoc theoretical basis.3 I shall comment only on certain aspects of the papers by Hoenig…
Seneca Morphology II
Seneca Morphology III
Seneca Morphology IV
Seneca Morphology I
Language Change and Linguistic Reconstruction
Seneca Morphology VII
Seneca Morphology V
Seneca Morphology VI
Huron-Wyandot Traditional Narratives
The Language of Canada in the Voyages of Jacques Cartier (1534–1538). M arius B arbeau
Crow Texts
Estimates regarding the Present Speakers of North American Indian Languages
Phonetics, Semantics, and Language
The term semantic structure is one that is often encountered these days. Some very rewarding effort has gone into the study of phenomena embraced by this term, but there is still no clear picture of the relationship between semantic structure, whatever it is, and language structure as we know it. One view, and probably the most explicit, has been that ‘semology’ constitutes a third subdivision of language, on a par with phonology and grammar (or …
Outline of Khmu? Structure. William A. Smalley
The Hills of Yesterday
Seneca Thanksgiving Rituals
Dissemination of Knowledge in the Humanities and Social Sciences
The Project has reached the experimental teaching stage with its first book, The Emergence of Civilization.Written by Jack Ellison with the assistance of many area specialists, this material is being taught in eleven schools (six in or near Chicago, one each in Minneapolis, East Lansing, Urbana, Newton, and Hanover).Each experimenting teacher received a set of four museum reproductions and a series of 72 slides on material from the six civilizati…
Another Look at Siouan and Iroquoian
Linguistic Evidence for the Relative Age of Iroquois Religious Practices
Grammar Discovery Procedures
The Iroquois Book of Rites. Horatio Hale
Corrected Estimates regarding Speakers of Indian Languages
Meaning in Language
Linguistics
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