Caroline Humphrey
Biographic Data
| ID | 3590487 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Caroline Humphrey |
| GIVEN NAMES | Caroline |
| FAMILY NAME | Humphrey |
| SIGNATURE | HUMPHREY C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0009-0008-7005-4924 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 125 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 918 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 119 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 6 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
An Appreciation from England of Roberte Hamayon and her Work
En el ecosistema mediático de redes, plataformas y dispositivos conectados, la tecnología deja de ser un simple instrumento racional para convertirse en un operador de encantamiento colectivo. Las interacciones digitales —memes, emojis, avatares, flujos visuales y prácticas participativas— constituyen, por lo tanto, los rituales de una socialidad emocional basada menos en la opinión pública que en lo que podríamos llamar una emoción pública. Desd…
Shifting spatial metaphors in Russia at a time of war
Russia's war with Ukraine is reshaping Russia's geopolitical orientation and transforming the ways the country relates to its immediate neighbours. In this article, rather than undertaking a geopolitical analysis of the consequences inside Russia of the ongoing war in Ukraine, we look at public discourse as one aspect of political activity. We describe how processes of a holistic kind are depicted in metaphors and how new spatial metaphors are em…
Rethinking Authority in China’s Border Regime: Regulating the Irregular
Invisible Sovereigns: Dialogues in the Russian-Buryat Colonial Encounter
This article analyses the various discursive interactions through which the Russian sovereign and its power have been presented to, received by, and independently conceptualised by the Buryats in the imperial and Soviet periods. It uses the notion of 'invisibility' as a starting point to explore the ways in which the space created by a mutual lack of knowledge was 'filled in' by presentations of the self by both sides. The result, it is argued, w…
Displacement and the Natal Paradise: The Metamorphosis of Placenta Burial Rites in Buryat and Mongol Lands
This article has two related aims: first to bring to attention an important, but neglected, element of Mongolian and Buryat social relations, those arising around birth and birthplaces. The ritual burial of the placenta creates a birth site attributed with vital force, and this is held to 'revivify' throughout their lives not only the child born but also the biological descendants of that child. It is argued that a theoretical perspective focusse…
Intuitive districts: Agentive images in a post-socialist city
Anyone who has lived in a city knows that, separately from the administrative or electoral districts, there are districts that exist in the imagination. Areas of the city seem to have a distinctive character and ethos. The article suggests that such notional place-forming occurs spontaneously through everyday sensations, life activities, and events and is spontaneously evaluative and comparative. In these ways, a notion of "intuitive district" di…
Travel Writing in Mongolia and Northern China, 1860-2020: 10. 5117/9789463726269
Under the Shadow of the White Tara: The Buriat Buddhists in Imperial Russia, written by Nikolay Tsyrempilov
Anthropological Fieldwork and 'Having an Ideology
In European anthropological circles there was a burst of interest in the topic of ideology in the 1970s in the wake of the riots of May 1968 in Paris and consequent intense interpretative conflict about theory among French intellectuals. The ideas then discussed in the wider context of the Cold War still have pertinence to the present day when ideology seems to clothe, if not inspire, armed confrontations and authoritarian forms of government. Th…
The Slippages of Exemplary Action: The Case of Ataman Semenov
This article investigates exemplarity from the point of view of the subject, the person who leads an exemplary life. Asking how this differs from the case of someone who intends more simply to lead a morally good life, it argues that the former requires sharp prioritizing among the range of possible human virtues. While both kinds of actor should be understood in relational terms, namely relations to the self, direct interlocutors, and wider soci…
Subjectivities of Russian Traders at the Border with China
This paper draws attention to a relatively understudied aspect of cross-border trade: the relation between the subjectivities of traders and the geo-political situation they find themselves in. Among Russian traders at the border with China, discourses on comparative civilisation, memories of mid-twentieth century Soviet dominance and ambivalent appreciation of China’s present riches are integral to everyday practices. It is argued that a theoret…
Contested Landscapes in Inner Mongolia: Walls and Cairns
This chapter provides a brief introduction to one region of Inner Mongolia settled by both Mongols and Chinese, each people seeing a very different landscape in the same territory. These landscapes arise within ways of life and memories; they are sedimented outcomes of many centuries of difference. The main line of the well-known ‘Great Wall’ was built to the south of the studied area between 1470 and 1480 during the Ming Dynasty. The literature …
Markets and Moralities: Ethnographies of Postsocialism
Introduction: Effective Slownesses
International audience
Fast' and 'Slow: Abstract Thinking and 'Real Experience' in Two Mongolian Non-Pastoral Modes of Travel
This paper discusses two non-nomadic modes of transport in 1930s-60s Mongolia: the horse relay system and the goods caravan. It suggests that each of these should be seen as a 'mobility constellation' involving entanglements of mobility, narrative and practice, and implying different social relations and experience of the environment. It is argued that the relay system in particular involved abstract distance-speed calculation and that this enabl…
Real estate speculation: Volatile Social Forms at a Global Frontier of Capital
This paper provides an anthropological perspective on speculation in housing by using the idea of 'social form' as the analytical lens. Instead of seeing speculation as a matter of individual orientation to risk/profit, or as a statistical tendency in a market, the advantage of 'social form' is that it introduces the dynamic complex of relations in which actors' decisions are made. The case examined here is the purchase of housing 'off plan' in c…
The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies after Socialism
In order to understand today's Russia and former Soviet republics, it is vital to consider their socialist past. Caroline Humphrey, one of anthropology's most highly regarded thinkers on a number of topics including consumption, identity, and ritual, is the ideal guide to the intricacies of post-Soviet culture. The Unmaking of Soviet Life brings together ten of Humphrey's best essays, which cover, geographically, Central Russia, Siberia, and Mong…
A Nomadic Diagram
The idea of the diagram as a ‘working object’ is used to discuss the biologist C. H. Waddington’s epigenetic landscape (EL) diagrams. This article investigates the diagrams’ history and discusses their usages in relation to Stengers’s idea of the ‘nomadic concept’. What is it about these diagrams that have made them a tool for transdisciplinary research? The article argues that it is useful to distinguish between the diagram and the illustration,…
Afterword
Philip Steadman’s epilogue suggests that the copying of drawings (and its study) by anthropologists, psychologists, architectural students, and Surrealists is revealing not only of processes of diagrammatization but also of the fact that there is something ‘diagrammatic’ about the way in which designs are represented mentally, which affects how they are seen and altered when they are reproduced. The work of diagrams, not only as visual objects bu…
Trust and Mistrust in the Economies of the China-Russia Borderlands
In the proposed volume the authors aim to contribute to the anthropological understanding of trust in juxtaposition to the economy and the state. They focus on the specific economic exchanges and activities on the Sino-Russian border, agents of which might have - and do have - different reasons to mistrust each other. Activities at this location, we argue, destabilize the usual ideas of marginality and scale. This border could be considered geogr…
The fateful landing of the hoopoe: Omens from the world
This paper analyses the omen as a particular technique by which human subjects attempt to understand the uncertainties and misfortunes of their lives by way of receiving signs from the world. This method folds a singular event into a social form, a stabilized way of perceiving and responding to intimations of something about to change in the future. It is argued that perceiving omens is a practice of cosmological engagement and hence that its cha…
Deportees in Society: Ssyl’ka and Spetsposelenie in Soviet Buryatiya
This paper discusses forced labour migrations in the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Stalin era. It attempts to set this regional case in the context of deportations and 'special settlements' in the USSR as a whole. It points out that forced labour migrants were not only sent to the Buryat Republic from western regions of the USSR; various categories of the 'repressed' were also deported from the Republic and displace…
Some Modes of Relating Hospitality, Mastery, and Mobility in Early xxth Century Mongolia
This paper addresses the question of the relation between hospitality and mobility. Using materials from early xxth century nomadic pastoral Mongolia, it suggests that an overall field of interaction was produced by the notion of « the master » (ezen). This applied at all levels from the head of household to the emperor, but it also extended beyond the human realm to masterful deities and holy Buddhist figures. One of the chief qualities of the e…
Placing Self Amid Others: A Mongolian Technique of Comparison
This paper attempts to understand comparison as an intellectual endeavour in a non-European cultural milieu and then takes up the challenge of relating this case to the ways in which comparison is done in anthropology. These issues are discussed through analysis of one example, that of the conceptual apparatus of a Mongolian Buddhist lama and poet of the 18th century, Mergen Gegen. The paper argues that the Mongolian regime of comparison was done…
To Smile and Not to Smile
This article examines the role of smiling as a performative gesture at the northeast border between Russia and China. It argues that the border is a place where ‘myth’ in the sense proposed by Roland Barthes is manifest in the comportment of people when they see themselves as representing the civilization of one side or the other. In this situation, smiling and not smiling are elements of particular communicative registers that enact political my…
Ideology in Infrastructure: Architecture and Soviet Imagination
Ideology does not just exist in linguistic form; it also appears in material structures. The Soviet party-state believed architecture to have a transformative effect and promoted communal dwellings in order to mould a new socialist way of life. What was the outcome? Using the examples of the communal hostel and the courtyard, the article suggests that we should take account of the eventual everyday sociality but also go beyond it to investigate h…
The archetypal actions of ritual: A theory of ritual illustrated by the Jain rite of worship
What happens in religious traditions when the nature of the ritual is questioned, but the practice of performing rituals is not itself abandoned? How is it that people can accomplish ritual successfully without belief, and even without attributing any meaning to it? This book draws on the authors' observations of such reactions among Jains in western India, and asks what they can tell us about ritual as a mode of human action. Most anthropologist…
Shamanism, History, and the State
The literature on shamanism and related topics is extensive, but has in general been biased toward curing and trance; the political and historical significance of shamanic activities has been largely neglected. The contributors Shamanism, History, and the State--distinguished anthropologists and historians from England, Australia, and France--show that shamanism is not static and stable, but always changing as a result of political dynamics and h…
Reassembling individual subjects: Events and decisions in troubled times
The troubled times in which many anthropologists work require the conceptualization of singular analytical subjects: individual actors who are constituted as subjects in particular circumstances. The difficulty of this task lies in the fact that 'the death of the subject' has been convincingly argued for in so many disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. Yet several deconstructivist philosophers have also proposed ideas that reassemble…
Barter and Economic Disintegration
Frontier Encounters: Knowledge and Practice at the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian Border
China and Russia are rising economic and political powers that share thousands of miles of border. Yet, despite their proximity, their practical, local interactions with each other - and with their third neighbour Mongolia - are rarely discussed. The three countries share a boundary, but their traditions, languages and worldviews are remarkably different. Frontier Encounters presents a wide range of views on how the borders between these unique c…
Barter, Exchange and Value: An Anthropological Approach
This book concerns barter, a transaction in which objects are exchanged directly for one another without the use of money. Economists treat barter as an inefficient alternative to market exchange, and assume that it is normal only in 'primitive' economies or marks the breakdown of more developed exchange mechanisms. For their part, anthropologists have been more interested in the social and moral complexities of the 'gift', and treat barter dismi…
Insider-outsider: Activating the hyphen
This contribution arises from my doctoral thesis about the rise of self-organized groups for women, black people, disabled people and lesbians and gay men within trade unions in Britain. My reflexivity as a researcher hinged upon my capacity to recognize my new position as an insider-outsider in relation to the university, the union and each of the self-organized groups, whilst the fertility of the project hinged upon my capacity to activate the …
The moral authority of the past in post-socialist Mongolia
Shamans in the City
L'A. a etudie le statut des chamans Bouriates de la ville de Ulan-Ude en Siberie. Il ne s'agit pas d'analyser de facon exhaustive les activites des chamans sinon de proposer comme hypothese que la ville est un lieu ou le chamanisme et les evenements magiques peuvent prendre place. Dans les annees 1930 la repression sovietique contre les chamans a rendu leurs activites clandestines ; elles etaient pratiquees jusqu'alors dans les vallees eloignees …
Hospitality and tone: Holding patterns for strangeness in rural Mongolia
In rural Mongolia, hospitality without expectation of a return is a prime ethical and practical virtue, but it is always performed rather than merely spontaneous. Oral maxims of hospitality designate the acts to be performed, lending them a crafted, aesthetic quality and forming a holding pattern that mediates the mutual vulnerability of the host and guest. It is argued that this situation can be analysed through the concept of 'tone', a cultural…
Real estate speculation: Volatile Social Forms at a Global Frontier of Capital
This paper provides an anthropological perspective on speculation in housing by using the idea of 'social form' as the analytical lens. Instead of seeing speculation as a matter of individual orientation to risk/profit, or as a statistical tendency in a market, the advantage of 'social form' is that it introduces the dynamic complex of relations in which actors' decisions are made. The case examined here is the purchase of housing 'off plan' in c…
Rituals of Death as a Context for Understanding Personal Property in Socialist Mongolia
This article proposes that we rethink the concept of 'personal property', and it uses the example of Mongolian rituals of death in the socialist 1980s as a context for exploring this idea. These rituals are not the occasion for dividing up property amongst inheritors (this has usually been agreed upon long before death) but involve a series of actions that specify the deceased's relations with material things. Objects become personal property thr…
"Favors and "normal heroes: The case of postsocialist higher education
This paper reconsiders the expression "economy of favors" that became popular in the literature about postsocialist societies as shorthand for a variety of illicit practices such as bribery, kickbacks, nepotism, etc. It argues that favors can be singled out and considered in their own right from an anthropological point of view. Favors are carried out in economies that are mainly conducted in other ways-ways that are not favors at all. The paper …
Schism, Event, and Revolution: The Old Believers of Trans-Baikalia
This paper discusses historical dynamics in the Russian Eastern Orthodox Church, in particular among the groups known as Old Believers. Seeing itself as the only true continuation of ancient Christianity, Eastern Orthodoxy has been more concerned with continuity and institutional authority than with conversion into the faith, and therefore schism was regarded as a matter of utmost significance. The Great Schism of 1666 split the reforming central…
Trading places
This article discusses a vast, new and semi-legal marketplace of shipping containers on the outskirts of Odessa, Ukraine. It is suggested that such markets, which have sprung up at several places in post-socialist space where routes intersect, have certain features in common with mediaeval trade fairs. However, today's markets have their own specificities in relation to state and legal regimes, migration, and the cities to which they are semi-att…
The Mask and the Face: Imagination and Social Life in Russian Chat Rooms and Beyond
This article explores the dynamics of interaction between 'masks', the avatars that people create in chat rooms, and the 'faces' that they assume in life off-line. It is argued that the chat room is an Internet technology that gives rise to a particular relational imagination concerning the self and enables the manipulation of individual-social imaginative interactions that are specific to it. These novel forms of sociality are not 'risk-free' as…
Icebergs', Barter, and the Mafia in Provincial Russia
The author is lecturer in the department of social anthropology, Cambridge, andfellow of King's College Cambridge. Her article 'Perestroika and the pastoralists: the example of Mongun-Taiga in Tuva ASSR' was published in A.T. June 1989. She has published widely on the USSR, Mongolia and Nepal. 'Icebergs' Late at night recently I was driving through the streets of Ulan-Ude with a Buryat friend and I saw a crowd of people huddled against the wall o…
Nomads of South Siberia: The Pastoral Economies of Tuva
Inside and Outside the Mirror: Mongolian Shamans' Mirrors as Instruments of Perspectivism
This article explores the implications of the fact that shamans' mirrors, and mirrors in general, have two quite different sides, one reflecting images and the other a dull blank or imagined as a teeming other world. It is argued that, for shamanists, the far side of themirror is conceived as the world of the dead, which is populated by spirits. Living people can, in certain circumstances such as divination, see 'through' the mirror into that wor…
Inequality and exclusion: A Russian case study of emotion in politics
This article concerns the generation of a particular kind of inequality through social practices of inclusion and exclusion. It argues that we need to examine political as well as economic motivations to explain inequality, and it shows, using the case of Russian history, how political anxieties about the integrity of social groups and their governability has served to create inequality by disadvantaging those excluded. The theoretical approach t…
Marx Went Away--But Karl Stayed Behind
When it appeared in 1983, Caroline Humphrey's Karl Marx Collective was the first detailed study of the Soviet collective farm system. Through careful ethnographic work on two collective farms operated in Buryat communities in Siberia, the author presented an absorbing--if dispiriting--account of the actual functioning of a planned economy at the local level. Now this classic work is back in print in a revised edition that adds new material from t…
Shamanism, History and the State
The 'Creative Bureaucrat: Conflicts in the Production of Soviet Communist Party Discourse
The paper explores the politics of language of the Soviet Communist Party bureaucracy. It argues against the recent conceptualisation of late socialist discourse as basically 'performative', i.e. as a vehicle for action that was virtually independent of its propositional dimension. Contrary to this, it is suggested that if the analysis is broadened to include the process of producing texts (drafts, censored passages, oral discussions, etc.) we se…
Pastoral Nomadism in Mongolia: The Role of Herdsmen's Cooperatives in the National Economy
Some Ritual Techniques in the Bull-Cult of the Buriat-Mongols
Shelter, Sign and Symbol
A reply to Roberte Hamayon
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Pastoral Nomadism in Mongolia: The Role of Herdsmen's Cooperatives in the National Economy
Art in Society: Studies in Style, Culture and Aesthetics
Nomads of South Siberia: The Pastoral Economies of Tuva
Short review and book note
David Dean Shulman, Tamil temple myths: Sacrifice and divine marriage in the South Indian Saiva tradition, Princeton University Press 1980. 472 pp. £16.70 Hubert Bucher, Spirits and power, an analysis of shona cosmology, Cape Town, Oxford University Press 1981. 231pp. £8.75 H. Heissig, The religions of Mongolia, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul 1980. £7.50 Roy C. Amore and Larry D. Shinn, Lustful maidens and ascetic kings: Buddhist and Hindu stor…
Karl Marx collective: Economy, society and religion in a Siberian collective farm
Some Recent Developments in Ethnography in the USSR (Review Article)
The Diluv Khutagl: Memoirs and Autobiography of a Mongol Buddhist Reincarnation in Religion and Revolution. By Owen Lattimore and Fujiko Isono. Asiatische Forschungen, Band 74, Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden…
The Diluv Khutagl: Memoirs and Autobiography of a Mongol Buddhist Reincarnation in Religion and Revolution. By Owen Lattimore and Fujiko Isono. Asiatische Forschungen, Band 74, Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden, 1982. - Volume 18 Issue 3
Reminiscences
Shamans, Lamas and Evangelicals: The English Missionaries in Siberia
Karl Marx Collective: Economy, Society and Religion in a Siberian Collective Farm
Barter and Economic Disintegration
Karl Marx Collective: Economy, Society and Religion in a Siberian Collective Farm
Transylvanian Villagers: Three Centuries of Political, Economic and Ethnic Change. Katherine Verdery
Janus-Faced Signs' - The Political Language of a Soviet Minority before Glasnost
No Place Like Home in Anthropology: The Neglect of Architecture
Perestroika and the Pastoralists: The Example of Mongun-Taiga in Tuva ASSR
Nomads of Eurasia. VLADIMIR N. Basilov
What crisis
The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society
The Jains have exerted an influence on Indian Society and religion out of proportion with their relatively small numbers. The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society addresses the sociology of the Jains and discusses the notion of the 'community' based on religious affiliation in India. Topics covered include Jain ideals and identity; women in the Jains community; popular Jainism; Jain reform and Jain identity in the UK. This collection is an imp…
Icebergs', Barter, and the Mafia in Provincial Russia
The author is lecturer in the department of social anthropology, Cambridge, andfellow of King's College Cambridge. Her article 'Perestroika and the pastoralists: the example of Mongun-Taiga in Tuva ASSR' was published in A.T. June 1989. She has published widely on the USSR, Mongolia and Nepal. 'Icebergs' Late at night recently I was driving through the streets of Ulan-Ude with a Buryat friend and I saw a crowd of people huddled against the wall o…
Barter, Exchange and Value: An Anthropological Approach
This book concerns barter, a transaction in which objects are exchanged directly for one another without the use of money. Economists treat barter as an inefficient alternative to market exchange, and assume that it is normal only in 'primitive' economies or marks the breakdown of more developed exchange mechanisms. For their part, anthropologists have been more interested in the social and moral complexities of the 'gift', and treat barter dismi…
The moral authority of the past in post-socialist Mongolia
Sociology (67 works) · Political science (61 works) · History (57 works) · Philosophy (49 works) · Law (46 works) · Epistemology (31 works) · Computer Science (29 works) · Politics (27 works) · Law (26 works) · History (25 works)