Francesco Duina
Biographic Data
| ID | 3590788 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Francesco Duina |
| GIVEN NAMES | Francesco |
| FAMILY NAME | Duina |
| SIGNATURE | DUINA F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Bates College |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5871-1222 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 193 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 38 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Why People Accept Inequality
Why do some people accept, or even approve of, economic inequalities? This essay examines various justifications—market, moral, cultural, and group-based—that people across the world invoke to defend their views
The Animals Will Have to Wait
The EU has played a leading role in animal welfare promotion. In late 2023, however, its Commission disappointed many by not proposing expected new measures for its member states on three farming practices: slaughter, labelling and the housing of animals. What can explain this turnaround – a prime example of regulatory ‘chill’? This article focuses on one late‐stage factor: the Commission's fear of jeopardising the pending EU–Mercosur trade agree…
The Populist Logic on the Environment
The Populist Logic on the Environment provides a framework that draws from populism’s essence to explain populist politicians’ approaches to the environment. Over the past few decades, populism has spread across the world – particularly in Europe, but also notably in the US, South America, and Asia. Its essential features – especially its ideological 'thinness' – mean that we can observe considerable variations across populists in their environme…
Political Polarization and the Dynamics between Actual Income and Perceived Income Inequality in the United States, 1987 to 2021
The rich often perceive lower levels of inequality than the poor. In recent decades, however, notions regarding the equality or inequality of our society have progressively taken on a more political nature. Consequently, people’s perceptions of income inequality may be less associated with their actual income status and more with their political ideology. The authors visualize this “political turn” using data from the U.S. General Social Survey (…
The populist discourse on the environment
The Great Breach
What can explain the remarkable electoral successes of populist leaders across the world in the last two decades? This article contributes to the growing research on possible answers by proposing a new perspective. Modern societies have long featured, and largely benefited from, a split between the private and public spheres. Each sphere has functioned according to its own logic. Populist leaders have attacked and delegitimized the public sphere …
Why Populist Leaders Succeed
We have recently witnessed the rise of populist leaders across the world. What makes those leaders so successful? We still do not quite know. This article offers an answer. The public and private spheres are typically kept distinct and apart in contemporary societies. Populist leaders, however, behave in the public sphere as if they were in the private sphere: they say and do things that are normally only said and done in private. This unorthodox…
Is academic research useful to EU officials? The logic of institutional openness in the Commission
This paper contributes to the ‘reflective turn’ in academic research on the EU (AREU) by asking: is AREU useful to EU policymakers? The findings come from a survey of 57 Commission officials of mixed ranks from 15 DGs, and 45 in-depth interviews with mostly mid-level officials from 22 DGs and the Secretariat General. Officials value AREU’s data, concepts, and methods for specific ends–with differences across ranks, roles, and personal inclination…
Europeanization from the periphery
Europeanization is often defined as the process by which European Union (EU) laws, policies and practices shape the member states. Scholars have examined the key drivers of Europeanization. In bottom-up accounts, they point to the member states themselves as important. Attention has traditionally gone to the older or more powerful member states. Yet, recent works, mostly focused on foreign policy, propose that peripheral or weaker countries may a…
Books by Our Readers
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States and Nations, Power and Civility
Ashoka and Constantine
Affirming Europe with trade
Robert Wuthnow, The Left Behind
Not so right after all? Making sense of the progressive rhetoric of Europe’s far-right parties
Several newly successful far-right European populist parties have deviated from traditional conservative stances by embracing progressive values such as gender equality, gay rights, religious freedoms, and the provision of generous social services. With what logic have they articulated such a counterintuitive ideological mix? Scholarship on this question is still in its early phases and does not extend across countries and multiple parties. This …
Why the excitement? Values, identities, and the politicization of EU trade policy with North America
Until a few years ago, EU external trade initiatives attracted little attention. But matters have been different with TTIP with the United States and CETA with Canada. What can explain their politicization? Existing research emphasizing institutional changes occasioned by the 2007 Lisbon Treaty and broader postfunctionalist theories offer valuable but limited insights. Recent work on the regulatory content of trade deals offers an alternative per…
Seeking the American Dream
Broke and Patriotic
Democratic legitimacy in regional economic organizations
Regional organizations have been widely criticized for lacking democratic legitimacy, but these criticisms have been rather ad hoc, concerned with single case studies and reliant on unclear standards or metrics. Are all organizations similarly deficient? And how does the European Union (EU), the target par excellence of the criticisms, fare in comparative perspective? In this paper, we take a first step towards answering these questions by levera…
Regionalism and diffusion revisited
An emerging research programme on diffusion across regional international organisations (RIOs) proposes that decisions taken in one RIO affect decision-making in other RIOs. This work has provided a welcome corrective to endogenously-focused accounts of RIOs. Nevertheless, by focusing on the final design of policies and institutional arrangements, it has been conceptually overly narrow. This has led to a truncated understanding of diffusion’s imp…
Making sense of the legal and judicial architectures of regional trade agreements worldwide
Regional trade agreements (RTAs) constitute one of the most important elements of the international economic order. Researchers have accordingly embarked on comparative analyses of their design. Yet one fundamental question remains unanswered: how have officials in different RTAs responded to the challenge of regulatory misalignments among the member states? In this article, I turn to 10 of the most established RTAs in the world and document thre…
Boom, Bust and Crisis
Latin American Unification
Fitting in the Baltics
Capitalising on Regional Integration
This article contributes to the growing comparative scholarship on regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the dynamics they engender in national and local life. An objective of that scholarship is to identify patterns across RTAs. We investigate the following question: how have RTAs helped separatist and autonomous movements in their ambitions? We propose that both the left- and right-leaning movements have successfully appropriated, in positive an…
Explaining Legal Implementation in the European Union
Why the excitement? Values, identities, and the politicization of EU trade policy with North America
Until a few years ago, EU external trade initiatives attracted little attention. But matters have been different with TTIP with the United States and CETA with Canada. What can explain their politicization? Existing research emphasizing institutional changes occasioned by the 2007 Lisbon Treaty and broader postfunctionalist theories offer valuable but limited insights. Recent work on the regulatory content of trade deals offers an alternative per…
Smoke in your eyes
Throughout the decades, the European Commission has attempted to expand its regulatory authority beyond the mandate specified by the treaties. Between 1986 and 2002, the Commission struggled to expand its reach to public health by targeting tobacco advertising. Preparations for a directive lasted eight years. The European Court of Justice then struck down that directive in 2000. A weaker version was passed in 2002. What can explain such troubled …
The open method of co-ordination and national parliaments
Legislatures are central to national democracy. Yet, scholars examining the impact of the EU on national parliaments have concluded that integration undermines domestic legislatures. We call for a more nuanced analysis. We turn to the EU's new forms of governance and, specifically, the OMC. Our analysis reveals a complex picture. On the one hand, with regard to participation, by empowering governments through executive federalism the OMC risks fu…
Nation-states and common markets
The polarized debate on the future of the nation-state in common markets singularly focuses on who controls supra national decision making. Scholars of the European Union, for instance, have for long disagreed over the extent to which nation-states control the European Commission. We believe that common markets can erode the authority of the nation-state through a second venue: with the promulgation of rules that, upon proper implementation, reac…
Not so right after all? Making sense of the progressive rhetoric of Europe’s far-right parties
Several newly successful far-right European populist parties have deviated from traditional conservative stances by embracing progressive values such as gender equality, gay rights, religious freedoms, and the provision of generous social services. With what logic have they articulated such a counterintuitive ideological mix? Scholarship on this question is still in its early phases and does not extend across countries and multiple parties. This …
Fitting in the Baltics
Regionalism and diffusion revisited
An emerging research programme on diffusion across regional international organisations (RIOs) proposes that decisions taken in one RIO affect decision-making in other RIOs. This work has provided a welcome corrective to endogenously-focused accounts of RIOs. Nevertheless, by focusing on the final design of policies and institutional arrangements, it has been conceptually overly narrow. This has led to a truncated understanding of diffusion’s imp…
Making sense of the legal and judicial architectures of regional trade agreements worldwide
Regional trade agreements (RTAs) constitute one of the most important elements of the international economic order. Researchers have accordingly embarked on comparative analyses of their design. Yet one fundamental question remains unanswered: how have officials in different RTAs responded to the challenge of regulatory misalignments among the member states? In this article, I turn to 10 of the most established RTAs in the world and document thre…
Domestic Actors and Europeanization
Regional market building as a social process
Regional market building is a social process. Market officials pursue integration objectives in the midst of unique institutional, cultural and economic contexts. Influenced by those contexts, they design markets with similar objectives but remarkably different architectures. This article offers a comparative analysis of the use of law for cognitive standardization in three regions: NAFTA, the European Union and Mercosur. In NAFTA, officials have…
Affirming Europe with trade
Democratic legitimacy in regional economic organizations
Regional organizations have been widely criticized for lacking democratic legitimacy, but these criticisms have been rather ad hoc, concerned with single case studies and reliant on unclear standards or metrics. Are all organizations similarly deficient? And how does the European Union (EU), the target par excellence of the criticisms, fare in comparative perspective? In this paper, we take a first step towards answering these questions by levera…
Regional trade agreements and the pursuit of state interests
Are regional trade agreements (RTAs) carefully crafted projects that systematically advance their member states' interests or do they instead generate outcomes that frustrate those interests? Works on the most prominent RTA - the European Union - have traditionally been split over this question. New research on international organizations parallels that literature. Combining rational choice and historical institutionalism, this article makes a mi…
Varieties of Regional Integration
The closing of the twentieth century witnessed the proliferation of regional trade areas: a reinvigorated EU became one of almost 170 integration efforts. The first comparative analyses have suggested that these RTAs, despite sharing broadly similar objectives, are remarkably different projects. This article contributes to these works by examining two under‐explored dimensions of variation: the laws of RTAs and how organizations – in particular i…
Capitalising on Regional Integration
This article contributes to the growing comparative scholarship on regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the dynamics they engender in national and local life. An objective of that scholarship is to identify patterns across RTAs. We investigate the following question: how have RTAs helped separatist and autonomous movements in their ambitions? We propose that both the left- and right-leaning movements have successfully appropriated, in positive an…
Learning in International Governmental Organizations
There exists considerable research on how national policy makers learn from abroad. A significant amount examines the processes and actors at work at the international level. In that strand, relatively little attention has gone to international governmental organizations (IGOs), aside from the European Union (EU)’s Open Method of Coordination. In this article, we carry out a comparative study of learning in three IGOs: the EU, the Organisation fo…
National Parliaments and European Democracy
Is academic research useful to EU officials? The logic of institutional openness in the Commission
This paper contributes to the ‘reflective turn’ in academic research on the EU (AREU) by asking: is AREU useful to EU policymakers? The findings come from a survey of 57 Commission officials of mixed ranks from 15 DGs, and 45 in-depth interviews with mostly mid-level officials from 22 DGs and the Secretariat General. Officials value AREU’s data, concepts, and methods for specific ends–with differences across ranks, roles, and personal inclination…
Boom, Bust and Crisis
Explaining Legal Implementation in the European Union
Nation-states and common markets
The polarized debate on the future of the nation-state in common markets singularly focuses on who controls supra national decision making. Scholars of the European Union, for instance, have for long disagreed over the extent to which nation-states control the European Commission. We believe that common markets can erode the authority of the nation-state through a second venue: with the promulgation of rules that, upon proper implementation, reac…
Gauging the Impact of the European Union on the Nation-State The Choice for Europe
Where was the Working Class? Revolution in Eastern Germany
Smoke in your eyes
Throughout the decades, the European Commission has attempted to expand its regulatory authority beyond the mandate specified by the treaties. Between 1986 and 2002, the Commission struggled to expand its reach to public health by targeting tobacco advertising. Preparations for a directive lasted eight years. The European Court of Justice then struck down that directive in 2000. A weaker version was passed in 2002. What can explain such troubled …
Regional market building as a social process
Regional market building is a social process. Market officials pursue integration objectives in the midst of unique institutional, cultural and economic contexts. Influenced by those contexts, they design markets with similar objectives but remarkably different architectures. This article offers a comparative analysis of the use of law for cognitive standardization in three regions: NAFTA, the European Union and Mercosur. In NAFTA, officials have…
Between Efficiency and Sovereignty
Varieties of Regional Integration
The closing of the twentieth century witnessed the proliferation of regional trade areas: a reinvigorated EU became one of almost 170 integration efforts. The first comparative analyses have suggested that these RTAs, despite sharing broadly similar objectives, are remarkably different projects. This article contributes to these works by examining two under‐explored dimensions of variation: the laws of RTAs and how organizations – in particular i…
New State Spaces
Domestic Actors and Europeanization
The open method of co-ordination and national parliaments
Legislatures are central to national democracy. Yet, scholars examining the impact of the EU on national parliaments have concluded that integration undermines domestic legislatures. We call for a more nuanced analysis. We turn to the EU's new forms of governance and, specifically, the OMC. Our analysis reveals a complex picture. On the one hand, with regard to participation, by empowering governments through executive federalism the OMC risks fu…
National Parliaments and European Democracy
Regional trade agreements and the pursuit of state interests
Are regional trade agreements (RTAs) carefully crafted projects that systematically advance their member states' interests or do they instead generate outcomes that frustrate those interests? Works on the most prominent RTA - the European Union - have traditionally been split over this question. New research on international organizations parallels that literature. Combining rational choice and historical institutionalism, this article makes a mi…
Learning in International Governmental Organizations
There exists considerable research on how national policy makers learn from abroad. A significant amount examines the processes and actors at work at the international level. In that strand, relatively little attention has gone to international governmental organizations (IGOs), aside from the European Union (EU)’s Open Method of Coordination. In this article, we carry out a comparative study of learning in three IGOs: the EU, the Organisation fo…
Sub-National Movements and the Framing of Regional Trade Agreements
How have secessionist and autonomous movements reacted to regional trade agreements (RTAs)? Existing research focuses on the European Union (EU) and, taking a top-down perspective, argues that the EU has done little to help those movements affirm themselves. Adopting a more bottom-up and comparative approach, we propose that RTAs have functioned as political opportunity structures at the international level and that movements have skillfully fram…
Capitalising on Regional Integration
This article contributes to the growing comparative scholarship on regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the dynamics they engender in national and local life. An objective of that scholarship is to identify patterns across RTAs. We investigate the following question: how have RTAs helped separatist and autonomous movements in their ambitions? We propose that both the left- and right-leaning movements have successfully appropriated, in positive an…
Fitting in the Baltics
Boom, Bust and Crisis
Latin American Unification
Regionalism and diffusion revisited
An emerging research programme on diffusion across regional international organisations (RIOs) proposes that decisions taken in one RIO affect decision-making in other RIOs. This work has provided a welcome corrective to endogenously-focused accounts of RIOs. Nevertheless, by focusing on the final design of policies and institutional arrangements, it has been conceptually overly narrow. This has led to a truncated understanding of diffusion’s imp…
Making sense of the legal and judicial architectures of regional trade agreements worldwide
Regional trade agreements (RTAs) constitute one of the most important elements of the international economic order. Researchers have accordingly embarked on comparative analyses of their design. Yet one fundamental question remains unanswered: how have officials in different RTAs responded to the challenge of regulatory misalignments among the member states? In this article, I turn to 10 of the most established RTAs in the world and document thre…
Broke and Patriotic
Democratic legitimacy in regional economic organizations
Regional organizations have been widely criticized for lacking democratic legitimacy, but these criticisms have been rather ad hoc, concerned with single case studies and reliant on unclear standards or metrics. Are all organizations similarly deficient? And how does the European Union (EU), the target par excellence of the criticisms, fare in comparative perspective? In this paper, we take a first step towards answering these questions by levera…
Seeking the American Dream
States and Nations, Power and Civility
Political science (33 works) · Law (26 works) · Law (26 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Economics (24 works) · Politics (23 works) · Political economy (19 works) · International trade (17 works) · European union (16 works) · European Union Policy and Governance (15 works)