Burton A Weisbrod
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3591401 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Burton A Weisbrod |
| NOMBRES | Burton A |
| APELLIDO | Weisbrod |
| FIRMA | WEISBROD B A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California San Diego |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 75 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1956 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2008 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Behavior of Nonprofit Organizations in For-Profit Markets
When nonprofit organizations in the U.S. engage in activities that are »substantially related« to their legal mission they pay no profits taxation, but profit from »unrelated business« (UB) activities is taxed. Since UB activity has no apparent justification other than to generate revenue, we attempt to explain why no profit is so frequently reported. We examine the accounting allocation of joint costs, such as depreciation, between the taxed and…
Objective Functions and Compensation Structures in Nonprofit and For-Profit Organizations
This chapter examines the behavior of two forms of nonprofit organizations: religious nonprofit and secular nonprofit, as well as that of private for-profit (FP) firms, when they coexist in a mixed industry: hospitals. In an attempt to determine whether each type of nonprofit organization can be characterized by the same objective function as a for-profit firm, but recognizing the difficulty of observing objective functions, the reflections of ob…
Volunteer labor sorting across industries
Volunteer labor is generally analyzed as a homogeneous activity, implying that the marginal effects of tax changes and demographic shifts are equal across industries and forms of volunteering. Here the homogeneity assumption is tested by estimating and comparing volunteer labor supply functions in three sectors that rely on volunteer labor—health, education, and religious organizations. Differences in the marginal volunteer labor supply effects a…
To Profit or Not to Profit
The nonprofit mission and its financing
Massive change is occurring in the nonprofit sector. Seemingly isolated events touching the lives of virtually everyone are, in fact, parts of a pattern that is little recognized but has enormous impact; it is a pattern of growing commercialization of nonprofit organizations
Guest editor's introduction
Conversion from nonprofit to for‐profit legal status
The conversion of a nonprofit firm to the for-profit form is commercialism carried to an extreme. Conversion is increasingly common, most notably in health care. We seek to advance understanding of why nonprofit conversions occur and what public policy should be toward them. A transfer of control—the essence of a conversion—over nonprofit assets can be accomplished in various ways. Thus, it would be a public policy mistake to focus narrowly on fo…
Conversion from nonprofit to for-profit legal status
The conversion of a nonprofit firm to the for-profit form is commercialism carried to an extreme. Conversion is increasingly common, most notably in health care. We seek to advance understanding of why nonprofit conversions occur and what public policy should be toward them. A transfer of control—the essence of a conversion—over nonprofit assets can be accomplished in various ways. Thus, it would be a public policy mistake to focus narrowly on fo…
Guest editor's introduction
Excerpt from introduction: The idea of commercialism in the nonprofit sector sounds to some people like a paradox: Nonprofits are supposed to be essentially different from private firms for whom commercialism is their very lifeblood. To others, though, the uniqueness of nonprofit organizations is by no means self-evident; perhaps they are really not different from private firms, being just as influenced by business motives and opportunities for s…
Differential taxation of nonprofits and the commercialization of nonprofit revenues
The effects of the favorable tax treatment of nonprofit commercial activities are best understood in a framework that explicitly accounts for a number of interactions. These involve differential taxation of nonprofits and for-profits and of nonprofits’ “related” and “unrelated” activities; the preferences of nonprofit executives who may be averse to commercial activity; donors whose giving may be sensitive to nonprofit organization commercial act…
The future of the nonprofit sector
The nonprofit sector—neither private enterprise nor governmental—is growing rapidly, and not only in the United States. This article explores three questions about the sector, which includes large elements of such service industries as universities, hospitals, nursing homes, day-care centers, museums, social services, and organizations promoting medical research, environmental protection, and the arts. These questions are: (a) Why is the nonprofi…
Competition Between For‐profit and Nonprofit Organizations in Commercial Markets(*)
Tax policy toward non-profit organisations
The role of private non-profit organisations in modern economic systems is poorly understood. The tax and subsidy treatment of non-profits relative to private firms affects the competitive position of each, and thus their relative strength within any industry; in the United States, for example, non-profit organisations play major competitive roles in such industries as hospitals, nursing homes, day care centres, schools and arts organisations. Th…
The Nonprofit Economy
The Nonprofit Economy
The Nonprofit Economy
Journal Article The Nonprofit Economy Get access The Nonprofit Economy. By A. WEISBROD BURTON. (Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press, 1988. Pp. ix + 251. £18.50 hardback. ISBN 0 674 62625 7) Philip Jones Philip Jones University of Bath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 99, Issue 396, 1 June 1989, Pages 502–504, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234054 Published: 01 June 1989
Economic evaluation in the development of medicines
Conference on long-term care for the elderly
Volunteer labor supply
Demand for collective goods in private nonprofit markets
When Government Programs Create Inequities
When the government institutes a program thought to be useful for society as a whole, such as building a highway or controlling air pollution, those that benefit from such programs are usually quite different from those that bear its costs. Sometimes the government responds by postponing or modifying the program, sometimes by compensating those that are bearing an inequitable share of the costs. By using familiar economic concepts, the analyst ca…
Economics and Medical Research
The American blood supply
Clinical Evaluation vs. Economic Evaluation
To economically evaluate a new drug or other medical innovation one must assess both the changes in costs and in benefits. Safety and efficacy matter, but so do resources costs and social benefits. This paper evaluates the effects on expenditures of the recent introduction of cimetidine, a drug used in the prevention and treatment of duodenal ulcers. This evaluation is of interest in its own right and also as a "guide" for studying similar effect…
Public Interest by the Numbers
Education and Investment in Human Capital
As technological developments have altered production techniques, types of mechanical equipment, and varieties of outputs, society has begun to recognize that economic progress involves not only changes in machinery but also in men – not only expenditures on equipment but also on people. Investment in people makes it possible to take advantage of technical progress as well as to continue that progress. Improvements in health make investment in ed…
Competition Between For‐profit and Nonprofit Organizations in Commercial Markets(*)
Modeling the Earnings and Research Productivity of Academic Economists
Volunteer labor sorting across industries
Volunteer labor is generally analyzed as a homogeneous activity, implying that the marginal effects of tax changes and demographic shifts are equal across industries and forms of volunteering. Here the homogeneity assumption is tested by estimating and comparing volunteer labor supply functions in three sectors that rely on volunteer labor—health, education, and religious organizations. Differences in the marginal volunteer labor supply effects a…
Parasitic Diseases and Agricultural Labor Productivity
Excerpt from introduction: Our earlier study sought to assess the quantitative impact of parasitic diseases on various measures of labor productivity.' The current study extends the previous analyses by examining the hypothesis that productivity is affected with a time lag that reflects the effects on workers of an extended period of infection. In our previous work we examined the impacts of five parasitic infections: schistosomiasis (the focus o…
Costs and Benefits of Medical Research
The paper provides estimates of (1) research expenditures on poliomyelitis, (2) several forms of productivity benefits from applying the knowledge generated by the research, and (3) the costs of applying that knowledge. Internal rates of return are computed under a variety of assumptions, with results generally between 4 and 14 percent. The inter-relatedness of research with procedures for applying the research findings is investigated; in the ca…
Disease and Labor Productivity
The Valuation of Human Capital
The market mechanism places a value on those assets to which title can be transferred, and thus the market does evaluate land and capital goods in our economy. The market also provides rental values (wage rates) for labor but not capitalized values, and these are frequently essential for rational decision-making.2I t would be useful if we could develop a substitute for the market evaluation of labor resources. This involves establishing a concept…
Tax policy toward non-profit organisations
The role of private non-profit organisations in modern economic systems is poorly understood. The tax and subsidy treatment of non-profits relative to private firms affects the competitive position of each, and thus their relative strength within any industry; in the United States, for example, non-profit organisations play major competitive roles in such industries as hospitals, nursing homes, day care centres, schools and arts organisations. Th…
Toward a General Theory of Awards, or, Do Economists Need a Hall of Fame
Economics of Public Health
Journal Article Economics of Public Health: Measuring the Economic Impact of Diseases Get access Economics of Public Health: Measuring the Economic Impact of Diseases. By B. A. Weisbrod. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1961. Pp. xv + 127. 40s.) Martin S. Feldstein Martin S. Feldstein Nuffield College, Oxford. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 73, Is…
Economic evaluation in the development of medicines
When Government Programs Create Inequities
When the government institutes a program thought to be useful for society as a whole, such as building a highway or controlling air pollution, those that benefit from such programs are usually quite different from those that bear its costs. Sometimes the government responds by postponing or modifying the program, sometimes by compensating those that are bearing an inequitable share of the costs. By using familiar economic concepts, the analyst ca…
An Expected-Income Measure of Economic Welfare
This paper considers some of the shortcomings of an income per I capita measure of and suggests an alternative capitalized value of expected future income per capita. Part I considers briefly some of the variables that a generally acceptable empirical welfare function should include and defines the capital value measure; Part II compares this measure of with the commonly used measure, income per capita; Part III presents and analyzes the results …
Exchange Rate Adjustment and Relative Size of the Depreciating Bloc
In his article, Exchange Rate Adjustment and Relative Size of the Depreciating Bloc, Professor Orcutt set out to attack the notion that by a large bloc versus the rest of the world generally would be substantially less effective than depreciation by a small country versus the rest of the world. Indeed, he goes so far as to conclude that for the case of actual large blocs, such as the dollar bloc or the sterling bloc, application of the model deve…
The Joint Economic Committee's "Economic Policy Questionaire"
In September I958, the Subcommittee on Stabilization of the Joint Committeeof the U.S. Congress distributed an Economic Policy Questionnaire among some I500 college and university economists. The replies on the 65 questionnaires which were returned have been tabulated and appear in a report which has recently become available. It is the purpose of this note to discuss some of the significant aspects of the questionnaire
The Valuation of Human Capital
The market mechanism places a value on those assets to which title can be transferred, and thus the market does evaluate land and capital goods in our economy. The market also provides rental values (wage rates) for labor but not capitalized values, and these are frequently essential for rational decision-making.2I t would be useful if we could develop a substitute for the market evaluation of labor resources. This involves establishing a concept…
Anticipating the Health Needs of Americans
Per capita demand for medical goods and serv ices depends upon three categories of variables: (1) consumer preferences, (2) consumer purchasing power, and (3) prices of medical goods and services compared with other goods and services. Forces in each category are operating to raise market demand. Research is providing new and improved drugs and therapeutic devices which tend to affect prefer ences and direct spending toward health. Rising income …
The Role of the Federal Government in Financing Higher Education . Alice M. Rivlin
An Expected-Income Measure of Economic Welfare
This paper considers some of the shortcomings of an income per I capita measure of and suggests an alternative capitalized value of expected future income per capita. Part I considers briefly some of the variables that a generally acceptable empirical welfare function should include and defines the capital value measure; Part II compares this measure of with the commonly used measure, income per capita; Part III presents and analyzes the results …
Education and Investment in Human Capital
As technological developments have altered production techniques, types of mechanical equipment, and varieties of outputs, society has begun to recognize that economic progress involves not only changes in machinery but also in men – not only expenditures on equipment but also on people. Investment in people makes it possible to take advantage of technical progress as well as to continue that progress. Improvements in health make investment in ed…
Castro and Economic Man, or What is a Prisoner Worth
In the October, 1961, issue of this Journal, my article on Valuation of Human Capital presented estimates of the capitalized values of expected lifetime earnings for males at various ages. At a 4 per cent rate of discount, the gross value (without deduction for consumption) of a male, age twenty to twenty-four, was $55,950. Thus, the gross value of 1,113 such men would be $62,272,350, or, rounded off, $62 million. The 1,113 is the number of Cuban…
Economics of Public Health
Journal Article Economics of Public Health: Measuring the Economic Impact of Diseases Get access Economics of Public Health: Measuring the Economic Impact of Diseases. By B. A. Weisbrod. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1961. Pp. xv + 127. 40s.) Martin S. Feldstein Martin S. Feldstein Nuffield College, Oxford. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 73, Is…
Economics of Public Health
Collective-Consumption Services of Individual-Consumption Goods
Certain commodities of a pure individual-consumption variety also possess characteristics of a pure collective-consumption good, 471. — In certain cases when individual-consumption goods cannot be provided profitably by private enterprise, it may serve the social welfare to subsidize their production, 474. — Conclusion, 476.
On the Monetary Value of Education's Intergeneration Effects
External Benefits of Public Education
Medical Manpower in Canada . Stanislaw Judek
The Public Finance Aspects of Health Services in Canada . Eric J. Hanson
Monetary Returns to College Education, Student Ability, and College Quality
This paper attempts to shed new light on the extent to which college education brings financial returns. It recognizes the existence of a number of variables that are likely to affect the financial returns that education produces for a given person -particularly the student's ability and motivation, and the quality of his schooling. It attempts to isolate returns to education from returns to these other related variables
Costs and Benefits of Medical Research
The paper provides estimates of (1) research expenditures on poliomyelitis, (2) several forms of productivity benefits from applying the knowledge generated by the research, and (3) the costs of applying that knowledge. Internal rates of return are computed under a variety of assumptions, with results generally between 4 and 14 percent. The inter-relatedness of research with procedures for applying the research findings is investigated; in the ca…
Earnings Profile
John Hause's paper is addressed to the perplexing matters of how to disentangle the effects of and schooling on worker earnings, and of the effect of on earnings over a worker's lifetime.' His emphasis oil ability and schooling as determinants of earnings is surely not intended to deny that other variables also affect earnings or to deny that these other variables may also interact with and schooling level-but he barely touches on other variables…
Toward a General Theory of Awards, or, Do Economists Need a Hall of Fame
Toward a General Theory of Awards, or, Do Economists Need a Hall of Fame
Disease and Labor Productivity
Parasitic Diseases and Agricultural Labor Productivity
Excerpt from introduction: Our earlier study sought to assess the quantitative impact of parasitic diseases on various measures of labor productivity.' The current study extends the previous analyses by examining the hypothesis that productivity is affected with a time lag that reflects the effects on workers of an extended period of infection. In our previous work we examined the impacts of five parasitic infections: schistosomiasis (the focus o…
Modeling the Earnings and Research Productivity of Academic Economists
Public Interest by the Numbers
Public Interest Law-An Economic and Institutional Analysis
Economics (41 obras) · Political science (27 obras) · Business (24 obras) · Economic growth (15 obras) · Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering (14 obras) · Public economics (13 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Law (12 obras) · Law (12 obras) · Finance (9 obras)