Harald Schmidt
Biographic Data
| ID | 3593525 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Harald Schmidt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Harald |
| FAMILY NAME | Schmidt |
| SIGNATURE | SCHMIDT H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Pennsylvania |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9389-8507 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1943 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Equity in global bioethics scholarship and practice
Equity needs to be (even) more central under the WHO Pandemic Agreement
Critical Appraisal for Racial and Ethnic Equity in Clinical Prediction Models Extension
Introduction: Despite mounting evidence that the inclusion of race and ethnicity in clinical prediction models may contribute to health disparities, existing critical appraisal tools do not directly address such equity considerations. Objective: This study developed a critical appraisal tool extension to assess algorithmic bias in clinical prediction models. Methods: A modified e-Delphi approach was utilized to develop and obtain expert consensus…
What Should Be Roles of Federal Clinician Governors in Motivating Equity in Locally Coordinated Triage Protocols
This commentary on a case examines racially inequitable outcomes, especially for Black patients, resulting from use of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores to triage patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and how inequitable outcomes in triage protocols could be reduced. It also considers the nature and scope of clinician governor responses to members of federally protected classes who are disadvantaged by use of the SOFA score and ar…
Network pharmacology
For complex diseases, most drugs are highly ineffective, and the success rate of drug discovery is in constant decline. While low quality, reproducibility issues, and translational irrelevance of most basic and preclinical research have contributed to this, the current organ-centricity of medicine and the 'one disease-one target-one drug' dogma obstruct innovation in the most profound manner. Systems and network medicine and their therapeutic arm…
Rationing, racism and justice
Withholding or withdrawing life-saving ventilators can become necessary when resources are insufficient. In the USA, such rationing has unique social justice dimensions. Structural elements of dominant allocation frameworks simultaneously advantage white communities, and disadvantage Black communities—who already experience a disproportionate burden of COVID-19-related job losses, hospitalisations and mortality. Using the example of New Jersey’s …
Sequential organ failure assessment, ventilator rationing and evolving triage guidance
We respond to recent comments on our proposal to improve justice in ventilator triage, in which we used as an example New Jersey’s (NJ) publicly available and legally binding Directive Number 2020-03. We agree with Bernard Lo and Doug White that equity implications of triage frameworks should be continually reassessed, which is why we offered six concrete options for improvement, and called for monitoring the consequences of adopted triage models…
US adults’ preferences for race-based and place-based prioritisation for Covid-19 vaccines
Implementing equity principles in resource allocation is challenging. In one approach, some US states implemented race-based prioritisation of COVID-19 vaccines in response to vast racial inequities in COVID-19 outcomes, while others used place-based allocation. In a nationally representative survey of n=2067 US residents, fielded in mid-April 2021 (before the entire US population became eligible for vaccines), we explored the public acceptabilit…
Public attitudes about equitable Covid-19 vaccine allocation
Equity was—and is—central in the US policy response to COVID-19, given its disproportionate impact on disadvantaged communities of colour. In an unprecedented turn, the majority of US states used place-based disadvantage indices to promote equity in vaccine allocation (eg, through larger vaccine shares for more disadvantaged areas and people of colour). We conducted a nationally representative survey experiment (n=2003) in April 2021 (before all …
“Autonomy and solidarity
Disadvantage Indices Deployed to Promote Equitable Allocation of Covid-19 Vaccines in the US
This scoping review identifies the construction and defined purpose of disadvantage indices deployed during the initial COVID-19 vaccine rollout
Associations of 4 Geographic Social Vulnerability Indices With US Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality
Objectives. To examine and compare how 4 indices of population-level social disadvantage—the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), and the Minority Health–Social Vulnerability Index (MH-SVI)—are associated with COVID-19 outcomes. Methods. Spatial autoregressive models adjusted for population density, urbanicity, and state fixed effects were used to estimate associati…
Covid-19 ventilator rationing protocols
Withholding or withdrawing life-saving ventilators can become necessary when resources are insufficient. With rising cases in many countries, and likely further peaks in the coming colder seasons, ventilator triage guidance remains a central part of the COVID-19 policy response. The dominant model in ventilator triage guidelines prioritises the ethical principles of saving the most lives and saving the most life-years. We sought to ascertain to w…
Variability in Primary Care Physician Attitudes Toward Medicaid Work Requirement Exemption Requests Made by Patients With Depression
In this survey study of primary care physicians, we found substantial variation regarding willingness to assist patients qualifying for a work requirement exemption where none should exist. Insofar as work requirements are implemented again, it is critical to proactively identify measures to ensure that patients qualifying for exemptions are not put at risk due to either the burdensomeness of exemption procedures, or physicians' political or pers…
Remote monitoring of medication adherence and patient and industry responsibilities in a learning health system
A learning health system (LHS) seeks to establish a closer connection between clinical care and research and establishes new responsibilities for healthcare providers as well as patients. A new set of technological approaches in medication adherence monitoring can potentially yield valuable data within an LHS, and raises the question of the scope and limitations of patients’ responsibilities to use them. We argue here that, in principle, it is pl…
Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response
The Covid‐19 pandemic needs to be considered from two perspectives simultaneously. First, there are questions about which policies are most effective and fair in the here and now, as the pandemic unfolds. These polices concern, for example, who should receive priority in being tested, how to implement contact tracing, or how to decide who should get ventilators or vaccines when not all can. Second, it is imperative to anticipate the medium‐ and l…
Universal Health Coverage and Public Health
AffiliationsTrygve Ottersen is with the Oslo Group on Global Health Policy, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health and Centre for Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway, and the Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo. Harald Schmidt is with the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Melancholie und Landschaft
Obesity and Blame
One of six commentaries on “Obesity: Chasing an Elusive Epidemic,” by Daniel Callahan, from the January‐February 2013 issue
Wellness Incentives, Equity, and the 5 Groups Problem
Wellness incentives are an increasingly popular means of encouraging participation in prevention programs, but they may not benefit all groups equally. To assist those planning, conducting, and evaluating incentive programs, I describe the impact of incentives on 5 groups: the “lucky ones,” the “yes-I-can” group, the “I'll-do-it-tomorrow” group, the “unlucky ones,” and the “leave-me-alone” group. The 5 groups problem concerns the question of when…
Melancholie und Landschaft
Melancholie und Landschaft
The Effects of Praise and Blame as Incentives to Learning
Associations of 4 Geographic Social Vulnerability Indices With US Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality
Objectives. To examine and compare how 4 indices of population-level social disadvantage—the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), and the Minority Health–Social Vulnerability Index (MH-SVI)—are associated with COVID-19 outcomes. Methods. Spatial autoregressive models adjusted for population density, urbanicity, and state fixed effects were used to estimate associati…
Universal Health Coverage and Public Health
AffiliationsTrygve Ottersen is with the Oslo Group on Global Health Policy, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health and Centre for Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway, and the Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo. Harald Schmidt is with the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
The Effects of Praise and Blame as Incentives to Learning
Melancholie und Landschaft
Melancholie und Landschaft
Wellness Incentives, Equity, and the 5 Groups Problem
Wellness incentives are an increasingly popular means of encouraging participation in prevention programs, but they may not benefit all groups equally. To assist those planning, conducting, and evaluating incentive programs, I describe the impact of incentives on 5 groups: the “lucky ones,” the “yes-I-can” group, the “I'll-do-it-tomorrow” group, the “unlucky ones,” and the “leave-me-alone” group. The 5 groups problem concerns the question of when…
Melancholie und Landschaft
Obesity and Blame
One of six commentaries on “Obesity: Chasing an Elusive Epidemic,” by Daniel Callahan, from the January‐February 2013 issue
Universal Health Coverage and Public Health
AffiliationsTrygve Ottersen is with the Oslo Group on Global Health Policy, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health and Centre for Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway, and the Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo. Harald Schmidt is with the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Remote monitoring of medication adherence and patient and industry responsibilities in a learning health system
A learning health system (LHS) seeks to establish a closer connection between clinical care and research and establishes new responsibilities for healthcare providers as well as patients. A new set of technological approaches in medication adherence monitoring can potentially yield valuable data within an LHS, and raises the question of the scope and limitations of patients’ responsibilities to use them. We argue here that, in principle, it is pl…
Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response
The Covid‐19 pandemic needs to be considered from two perspectives simultaneously. First, there are questions about which policies are most effective and fair in the here and now, as the pandemic unfolds. These polices concern, for example, who should receive priority in being tested, how to implement contact tracing, or how to decide who should get ventilators or vaccines when not all can. Second, it is imperative to anticipate the medium‐ and l…
Covid-19 ventilator rationing protocols
Withholding or withdrawing life-saving ventilators can become necessary when resources are insufficient. With rising cases in many countries, and likely further peaks in the coming colder seasons, ventilator triage guidance remains a central part of the COVID-19 policy response. The dominant model in ventilator triage guidelines prioritises the ethical principles of saving the most lives and saving the most life-years. We sought to ascertain to w…
Variability in Primary Care Physician Attitudes Toward Medicaid Work Requirement Exemption Requests Made by Patients With Depression
In this survey study of primary care physicians, we found substantial variation regarding willingness to assist patients qualifying for a work requirement exemption where none should exist. Insofar as work requirements are implemented again, it is critical to proactively identify measures to ensure that patients qualifying for exemptions are not put at risk due to either the burdensomeness of exemption procedures, or physicians' political or pers…
Network pharmacology
For complex diseases, most drugs are highly ineffective, and the success rate of drug discovery is in constant decline. While low quality, reproducibility issues, and translational irrelevance of most basic and preclinical research have contributed to this, the current organ-centricity of medicine and the 'one disease-one target-one drug' dogma obstruct innovation in the most profound manner. Systems and network medicine and their therapeutic arm…
Rationing, racism and justice
Withholding or withdrawing life-saving ventilators can become necessary when resources are insufficient. In the USA, such rationing has unique social justice dimensions. Structural elements of dominant allocation frameworks simultaneously advantage white communities, and disadvantage Black communities—who already experience a disproportionate burden of COVID-19-related job losses, hospitalisations and mortality. Using the example of New Jersey’s …
Sequential organ failure assessment, ventilator rationing and evolving triage guidance
We respond to recent comments on our proposal to improve justice in ventilator triage, in which we used as an example New Jersey’s (NJ) publicly available and legally binding Directive Number 2020-03. We agree with Bernard Lo and Doug White that equity implications of triage frameworks should be continually reassessed, which is why we offered six concrete options for improvement, and called for monitoring the consequences of adopted triage models…
US adults’ preferences for race-based and place-based prioritisation for Covid-19 vaccines
Implementing equity principles in resource allocation is challenging. In one approach, some US states implemented race-based prioritisation of COVID-19 vaccines in response to vast racial inequities in COVID-19 outcomes, while others used place-based allocation. In a nationally representative survey of n=2067 US residents, fielded in mid-April 2021 (before the entire US population became eligible for vaccines), we explored the public acceptabilit…
Public attitudes about equitable Covid-19 vaccine allocation
Equity was—and is—central in the US policy response to COVID-19, given its disproportionate impact on disadvantaged communities of colour. In an unprecedented turn, the majority of US states used place-based disadvantage indices to promote equity in vaccine allocation (eg, through larger vaccine shares for more disadvantaged areas and people of colour). We conducted a nationally representative survey experiment (n=2003) in April 2021 (before all …
“Autonomy and solidarity
Disadvantage Indices Deployed to Promote Equitable Allocation of Covid-19 Vaccines in the US
This scoping review identifies the construction and defined purpose of disadvantage indices deployed during the initial COVID-19 vaccine rollout
Associations of 4 Geographic Social Vulnerability Indices With US Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality
Objectives. To examine and compare how 4 indices of population-level social disadvantage—the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), and the Minority Health–Social Vulnerability Index (MH-SVI)—are associated with COVID-19 outcomes. Methods. Spatial autoregressive models adjusted for population density, urbanicity, and state fixed effects were used to estimate associati…
Equity needs to be (even) more central under the WHO Pandemic Agreement
Critical Appraisal for Racial and Ethnic Equity in Clinical Prediction Models Extension
Introduction: Despite mounting evidence that the inclusion of race and ethnicity in clinical prediction models may contribute to health disparities, existing critical appraisal tools do not directly address such equity considerations. Objective: This study developed a critical appraisal tool extension to assess algorithmic bias in clinical prediction models. Methods: A modified e-Delphi approach was utilized to develop and obtain expert consensus…
What Should Be Roles of Federal Clinician Governors in Motivating Equity in Locally Coordinated Triage Protocols
This commentary on a case examines racially inequitable outcomes, especially for Black patients, resulting from use of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores to triage patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and how inequitable outcomes in triage protocols could be reduced. It also considers the nature and scope of clinician governor responses to members of federally protected classes who are disadvantaged by use of the SOFA score and ar…
Equity in global bioethics scholarship and practice
Political science (18 works) · Medicine (16 works) · Law (12 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Business (7 works) · Health care (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Disaster Response and Management (6 works) · Disease (5 works) · Economics (5 works)