Michelle L O’brien
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3594618 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michelle L O’brien |
| PRENOMES | Michelle L |
| SOBRENOME | O’brien |
| ASSINATURA | O’BRIEN M L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | New York University Abu Dhabi |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3216-6289 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 11 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 11 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Contraception to women’s economic empowerment
The pathway linking contraceptive access and use to women's economic empowerment is explored in this narrative review. Contraception can have a direct effect on women's economic empowerment through supporting bodily autonomy, but the main way in which the pathway links is through fertility. Contraception impacts the timing, spacing, and number of births, and these elements of fertility each impact the process of women's economic empowerment. Thes…
Measuring “Intent Satisfied”
In the 30 years since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there is no clear consensus on how to best measure population‐level contraceptive use and family planning program impact. Widely used metrics have evolved relatively slowly, and some have run counter to a rights‐based and person‐centered approach that emphasizes individuals’ self‐identified contraceptive preferences. In this report, we describe the utilization …
Contraceptive Adoption and Changes in Empowerment in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal
Women's empowerment and contraceptive use are critical to achieving gender equality. The positive association between more empowered women and higher rates of contraceptive use has been well‐established by cross‐sectional research. However, there remains a gap in understanding the longitudinal relationship between contraceptive adoption and changes to women's empowerment. This study represents a novel approach to understanding the relationship be…
The Legacy of Conflict
How do civil war and subsequent reconstruction efforts affect international migration? Although a wealth of evidence points to violent conflict’s effects on contemporaneous migration and although a rich body of literature examines development’s effects on migration, we know less about the intersection of conflict, development, and migration. This article examines the intersection of these factors nearly a decade after the 1992–1997 civil war in T…
Problems with Oversimplified Categories in the Study of Collective Violence
This article critically examines oversimplified categories—especially binary categorization—in analyses of collective violence. Researchers often use categories to make sense of complex situations. While they are necessary, these categories can oversimplify people’s lived experiences and can even directly harm individuals and communities during or after collective violence. Thus, we suggest that researchers continually assess their use of categor…
Suppression, Spikes, and Stigma
Border closures associated with COVID-19 constitute a response to an exogenous shock unrelated to migration. In this IMR Dispatch, we argue that the impact of policies initially implemented to halt movement and curb the spread of the disease will nonetheless have medium- and longer term consequences for international migration. Specifically, we argue that these initial border restrictions have set in motion demographic and sociological processes …
The Consequences of the Tajikistani Civil War for Abortion and Miscarriage
How Armed Conflict Influences Migration
The literature on migration during armed conflict is abundant. Yet, the questions of highest policy relevance-how many people will leave because of a conflict and how many more people will be living outside a country because of a conflict-are not well addressed. This article explores these questions using an agent-based model, a computational simulation that allows us to connect armed conflict to individual behavioral changes and then to aggregat…
Disruption and decline
The sweeping political transition from the Soviet Union to independence in Tajikistan was accompanied by a devastating civil war. Social, economic, and demographic change followed. This research examines a critical indicator of human welfare and stability at the micro- and macro-levels: educational attainment and mobility. Using the 2007 Tajik Living Standards Survey, I compare cohorts educated before, during, and after the civil war. I examine t…
Cascades of Violence
Migration as an adaptive response to ethnic nationalism in Russia
In this paper, I argue that migration responses to push factors can differ along ethnic lines. To arrive at migration as an adaptive response in which minorities engage, two processes are necessary. First, an individual making the decision to migrate must interpret ethnic tensions as a threat to her life chances, and she must evaluate her future prospects in this ethnically charged framework. Second, the option of migration must be a viable one. …
Suppression, Spikes, and Stigma
Border closures associated with COVID-19 constitute a response to an exogenous shock unrelated to migration. In this IMR Dispatch, we argue that the impact of policies initially implemented to halt movement and curb the spread of the disease will nonetheless have medium- and longer term consequences for international migration. Specifically, we argue that these initial border restrictions have set in motion demographic and sociological processes …
How Armed Conflict Influences Migration
The literature on migration during armed conflict is abundant. Yet, the questions of highest policy relevance-how many people will leave because of a conflict and how many more people will be living outside a country because of a conflict-are not well addressed. This article explores these questions using an agent-based model, a computational simulation that allows us to connect armed conflict to individual behavioral changes and then to aggregat…
Disruption and decline
The sweeping political transition from the Soviet Union to independence in Tajikistan was accompanied by a devastating civil war. Social, economic, and demographic change followed. This research examines a critical indicator of human welfare and stability at the micro- and macro-levels: educational attainment and mobility. Using the 2007 Tajik Living Standards Survey, I compare cohorts educated before, during, and after the civil war. I examine t…
The Legacy of Conflict
How do civil war and subsequent reconstruction efforts affect international migration? Although a wealth of evidence points to violent conflict’s effects on contemporaneous migration and although a rich body of literature examines development’s effects on migration, we know less about the intersection of conflict, development, and migration. This article examines the intersection of these factors nearly a decade after the 1992–1997 civil war in T…
The Consequences of the Tajikistani Civil War for Abortion and Miscarriage
Migration as an adaptive response to ethnic nationalism in Russia
In this paper, I argue that migration responses to push factors can differ along ethnic lines. To arrive at migration as an adaptive response in which minorities engage, two processes are necessary. First, an individual making the decision to migrate must interpret ethnic tensions as a threat to her life chances, and she must evaluate her future prospects in this ethnically charged framework. Second, the option of migration must be a viable one. …
Migration as an adaptive response to ethnic nationalism in Russia
In this paper, I argue that migration responses to push factors can differ along ethnic lines. To arrive at migration as an adaptive response in which minorities engage, two processes are necessary. First, an individual making the decision to migrate must interpret ethnic tensions as a threat to her life chances, and she must evaluate her future prospects in this ethnically charged framework. Second, the option of migration must be a viable one. …
Disruption and decline
The sweeping political transition from the Soviet Union to independence in Tajikistan was accompanied by a devastating civil war. Social, economic, and demographic change followed. This research examines a critical indicator of human welfare and stability at the micro- and macro-levels: educational attainment and mobility. Using the 2007 Tajik Living Standards Survey, I compare cohorts educated before, during, and after the civil war. I examine t…
Cascades of Violence
Problems with Oversimplified Categories in the Study of Collective Violence
This article critically examines oversimplified categories—especially binary categorization—in analyses of collective violence. Researchers often use categories to make sense of complex situations. While they are necessary, these categories can oversimplify people’s lived experiences and can even directly harm individuals and communities during or after collective violence. Thus, we suggest that researchers continually assess their use of categor…
Suppression, Spikes, and Stigma
Border closures associated with COVID-19 constitute a response to an exogenous shock unrelated to migration. In this IMR Dispatch, we argue that the impact of policies initially implemented to halt movement and curb the spread of the disease will nonetheless have medium- and longer term consequences for international migration. Specifically, we argue that these initial border restrictions have set in motion demographic and sociological processes …
The Consequences of the Tajikistani Civil War for Abortion and Miscarriage
How Armed Conflict Influences Migration
The literature on migration during armed conflict is abundant. Yet, the questions of highest policy relevance-how many people will leave because of a conflict and how many more people will be living outside a country because of a conflict-are not well addressed. This article explores these questions using an agent-based model, a computational simulation that allows us to connect armed conflict to individual behavioral changes and then to aggregat…
The Legacy of Conflict
How do civil war and subsequent reconstruction efforts affect international migration? Although a wealth of evidence points to violent conflict’s effects on contemporaneous migration and although a rich body of literature examines development’s effects on migration, we know less about the intersection of conflict, development, and migration. This article examines the intersection of these factors nearly a decade after the 1992–1997 civil war in T…
Contraceptive Adoption and Changes in Empowerment in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal
Women's empowerment and contraceptive use are critical to achieving gender equality. The positive association between more empowered women and higher rates of contraceptive use has been well‐established by cross‐sectional research. However, there remains a gap in understanding the longitudinal relationship between contraceptive adoption and changes to women's empowerment. This study represents a novel approach to understanding the relationship be…
Contraception to women’s economic empowerment
The pathway linking contraceptive access and use to women's economic empowerment is explored in this narrative review. Contraception can have a direct effect on women's economic empowerment through supporting bodily autonomy, but the main way in which the pathway links is through fertility. Contraception impacts the timing, spacing, and number of births, and these elements of fertility each impact the process of women's economic empowerment. Thes…
Measuring “Intent Satisfied”
In the 30 years since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there is no clear consensus on how to best measure population‐level contraceptive use and family planning program impact. Widely used metrics have evolved relatively slowly, and some have run counter to a rights‐based and person‐centered approach that emphasizes individuals’ self‐identified contraceptive preferences. In this report, we describe the utilization …
Political science (8 obras) · Sociology (8 obras) · Economics (7 obras) · Law (6 obras) · Law (6 obras) · Development economics (5 obras) · Population (4 obras) · Psychology (4 obras) · Demographic economics (3 obras) · Demography (3 obras)