Michael Murphy
Biographic Data
| ID | 3594639 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Murphy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Murphy |
| SIGNATURE | MURPHY M |
| AFFILIATIONS | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8458-3992 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 106 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 492 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 105 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Awareness, acceptance, and impact of undetectable equals untransmittable (U = U) among people living with HIV across Canada
Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U = U) is a pivotal tool for HIV prevention, stigma reduction, and improving quality of life for people living with HIV. This study examined awareness, acceptance, and impact of U = U among people living with HIV across Canada, and explored differences across sociodemographic characteristics. From 2018-2024, 1,083 participants were recruited in-person and online using snowball sampling. Peer researchers conduc…
Sibling Complexity Across Childhood: A 16‐Year Follow‐up of the 1988 and 2000 Birth Cohorts in Finland
Objective This study quantifies sibling experiences across childhood by birth cohort and maternal education. Background As family structures evolve, sibling complexity—the presence of half and stepsiblings—is becoming more common. Yet, little is known about how sibling constellations unfold across childhood, vary between cohorts, or differ by social background. Method Annual register data of full Finnish birth cohorts 1988 ( n = 64,597) and 2000 …
Sharpening the Tools of Foresight Analysis and Scenario Planning Through Engagement With Critical Security Studies
The methods of foresight analysis and scenario planning (FASP) are being applied in a wide range of use cases as institutions to plan for an uncertain future. Such efforts promise to mitigate future risk by informing action in the present. However, FASP approaches have failed to consider what lessons might be learned from the shortcomings of prior imaginative practices for risk mitigation. This article draws on work from Critical Security Studies…
Reflections on Catalyst’s legacy and future: Catalyst editors in conversation
To mark the ten-year anniversary of Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, former and current editors reflect on the journal's origins, its contributions to feminist technoscience, and their aspirations for Catalyst in the next ten years and beyond. The discussion was recorded on Zoom, transcribed verbatim and edited for clarity. Presented in the original conversation format, the piece offers insights into the rich histories and intellectual …
Opportunities for Low-Barrier HIV Testing in the U.S. Deep South: Findings from a Survey in Alabama
The HIV epidemic remains a critical public health challenge in the Southern U.S., where barriers such as healthcare shortages, structural racism, and social determinants of health exacerbate disparities. Mobile- and self-HIV testing offer promising approaches to address these barriers. Partnering with a community-based healthcare organization in Alabama, we surveyed 181 individuals accessing facility- and community-based HIV testing from August 2…
After 50 Years of ‘Protocolization’, What Is the Progress Towards Munro's Image of a More Flexible, Innovative and ‘Child‐Centred’ English Child Protection System
Fifty years after the formation of England's child protection system, the country continues to reel from new instances of high‐profile child death tragedies where children have been harmed despite practitioners complying with the processes and procedures designed to protect them. This article considers the continued obstacles posed by the ‘protocolization’ of England's child protection practice and further challenges the assumption that child pro…
Optimized Random-Combinations of Total Fertility Rates and Life Expectancies at Birth for Probabilistic Population Projections
Housing tenure and disability in the UK: Trends and projections 2004–2030
Introduction: Housing is a major influence on health. Housing tenure is associated with housing conditions, affordability, and security and is an important dimension of housing. In the UK there have been profound changes in both housing conditions and the distribution of households by tenure over the past century, that is during the lifetimes of the current population. Methods: We firstly reviewed and summarise changes in housing conditions, hous…
The impact of determinants of health on the relationship between stigma and health in people living with HIV
Determinants of health are important drivers of health states, yet there is little work examining their role in the relationship between HIV stigma and health. This study uses moderation analysis to examine how determinants of health affect the relationship between enacted, internalized, and anticipated stigma and mental health. Quantitative data was collected on 337 participants in Ontario, Canada at baseline (t1) between August 2018 and Septemb…
“We know what we should be eating, but we don’t always do that.” How and why people eat the way they do: A qualitative study with rural australians
We found that decisions regarding what, when, and how much to eat are seen as heavily influenced by factors outside the control of the individual. It appears, therefore, that a key to improving people's eating behaviours is to make it easy to eat more healthfully, or at least not much harder than eating poorly
The Role of Dimensions of Social Support in the Relationship Between Stigma and Mental Health: A Moderation Analysis
Trends in Life Expectancy in Residential Long-Term Care by Sociodemographic Position in 1999–2018: A Multistate Life Table Study of Finnish Older Adults
Recent declines in LTC use were driven by postponed LTC admission closer to death. The results suggest that across sociodemographic strata older adults enter LTC in even worse health and spend a shorter time in care than before
Changing relationship between income inequality and mortality
The recent paper by Dunn et al showed that the positive relationship between US state-level income inequality and mortality was small in the 1950s, rose to a large value around 1990 but had largely disappeared by 2019. We consider these findings in the context of the mechanisms that have been advanced for reasons why a positive relationship might be expected, and in relation to studies using alternative methods included in systematic reviews that…
Projections of future burden of pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes and associated life expectancies by income in Finland: A multi-state modeling study
The burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) differs between socioeconomic groups. The present study combines ongoing and plausible trends in T2D incidence and survival by income to forecast future trends in cases of T2D and life expectancy with and without T2D up to year 2040. Using Finnish total population data for those aged 30 years on T2D medication and mortality in 1995–2018, we developed and validated a multi-state life table model using age-, gend…
Schools that Breathe: Studio Education in the Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically exposed the vulnerabilities of the American public school system. The architecture of educational buildings themselves became the flashpoint in discussions about equity, support for teachers, and student health. In a recent graduate architecture studio at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, students considered the proposition of the pandemic-resilient school by proposing retrofits to increase fresh air ve…
Slowdown in Mortality Improvement in the Past Decade: A US/UK Comparison
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the slowdown in mortality improvement in the United States, United Kingdom, and comparator countries observed in the first decade of the twenty-first century and critically evaluate proposed explanations. METHODS: Change-point analysis to identify the year of change in comparison of national mortality trends and linear spline models in the investigation of subnational differences using data from the Human Mortality Data…
Four shareworthy Sepr scenario ideas
Recalled Neighborhood Environments, Parental Control, and Cytokine-Mediated Response to Viral Challenge
OBJECTIVE: Neighborhood risk in childhood is associated with poor health across the life span. However, many people who are reared in risky neighborhoods remain healthy in adulthood. In the context of high-risk neighborhoods, parenting practices that are controlling might promote better physical health outcomes later in life. The current study used a viral challenge paradigm to examine whether parental control throughout childhood moderated the a…
Understanding barriers to breast, bowel and cervical cancer screening participation in Latrobe, Gippsland
The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 5.120 (2020 JCR, received in June 2021)The IJIC 20th Anniversary Issue was published in 2021
Use of Counterfactual Population Projections for Assessing the Demographic Determinants of Population Ageing
Counterfactual population projections have been used to estimate the contributions of fertility and mortality to population ageing, a method recently designated as the gold standard for this purpose. We analyse projections with base years between 1850 and 1950 for 11 European countries with long-run demographic data series to estimate the robustness of this approach. We link this approach with stable population theory to derive quantitative indic…
Smoking Prevalence and Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Postpartum—Establishing Risks to Health and Human Rights before Developing a Tailored Programme for Smoking Cessation
Both smoking during pregnancy and secondhand smoke exposure are associated with reduced health outcomes. However, limited consistent evidence exists of risks of secondhand smoke exposure in pregnancy. Currently, inadequate smoking cessation services exist in Irish maternity hospitals. To identify the number of pregnant women smoking during pregnancy and to identify their exposure to secondhand smoke, we conducted a cross-sectional observational p…
Ten Surprising Facts About Stressful Life Events and Disease Risk
After over 70 years of research on the association between stressful life events and health, it is generally accepted that we have a good understanding of the role of stressors in disease risk. In this review, we highlight that knowledge but also emphasize misunderstandings and weaknesses in this literature with the hope of triggering further theoretical and empirical development. We organize this review in a somewhat provocative manner, with eac…
Not part of my routine: A qualitative study of use and understanding of UV forecast information and the SunSmart app
No matter how broadly UV forecast information is promoted, it is unlikely to improve sun protection behaviours across the Victorian population due to the low level of basic understanding of UV radiation. Public education strategies that correct the commonly held misperception that temperature and/or sunshine can reliably predict the potential for UV damage are required. Improved public awareness about UV radiation and how the UV Index can be used…
Intergenerational Mobility in Relative Educational Attainment and Health-Related Behaviours
Just Google It: An Approach on Word Frequencies Based on Online Search Result
Word frequency is one of the most robust factors in the literature on word processing, based on the lexical corpus of a language. However, different sources might be used in order to determine the actual frequency of each word. Recent research has determined frequencies based on movie subtitles, Twitter, blog posts, or newspapers. In this paper, we examine a determination of these frequencies based on the World Wide Web. For this purpose, a Pytho…
Long-Term Effects of the Demographic Transition on Family and Kinship Networks in Britain
Family-Level Continuities in Childbearing in Low-Fertility Societies
Rising Educational Participation and the Trend to Later Childbearing
Demographic and Socio-economic Influences on Recent British Marital Breakdown Patterns
The advantages of large-scale multi-purpose surveys compared with official divorce records for examining marital breakdown are assessed, and the extent of under-recording of the concept of breakdown in the latter source is estimated. Demographic and socio-economic differentials in breakdown are examined and the former are found to be generally more powerful. A proportional-hazards life-table model is used to establish the impact of childlessness …
The increase in marital status differences in mortality up to the oldest age in seven European countries, 1990–99
We investigate mortality differentials by marital status among older age groups using a database of mortality rates by marital status at ages 40 and over for seven European countries with 1 billion person-years of exposure. The mortality advantage of married people, both men and women, continues to increase up to at least the age group 85-89, the oldest group we are able to consider. We find the largest absolute differences in mortality levels be…
The Contraceptive Pill and Women's Employment as Factors in Fertility Change in Britain 1963-1980: A Challenge to the Conventional View
A proximate determinants approach is taken to the analysis of fertility in Britain during the period around 1960 to 1980. It is concluded that the main determinant of fertility change in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s was the diffusion of the oral contraceptive pill. Evidence is presented that pill use was determined largely by contraceptive considerations, rather than by other remote socio-economic factors. In particular, changes in pill use due to …
Demographic change and the supply of potential family supporters in Britain, Finland and France in the period 1911–2050/Changements démographiques et disponibilité des soutiens familiaux en Grande-Bre…
Self-determination as a Collective Capability: The Case of Indigenous Peoples
The article explores the idea of self-determination as a collective capability that enhances the freedom and well-being of indigenous peoples in colonial settler states. Collective capabilities have not attracted much attention in the literature to date, but the article sets out to demonstrate that the collective capability for self-determination is precisely the sort of freedom Amartya Sen describes as both the primary objective and the principl…
Cross-National Patterns of Intergenerational Continuities in Childbearing in Developed Countries
Earlier work has shown that the association between the fertility of parents and the fertility of children has become stronger over time in some societies. This article updates and broadens the geographic coverage to assess the magnitude of intergenerational continuities in childbearing in developed and middle-income societies using data for 46 populations from 28 developed countries drawn from a number of recent large-scale survey programs. Robu…
Demographic Determinants of Population Aging in Europe since 1850
Variations in Kinship Networks Across Geographic and Social Space
This article analyzes variations in interaction with non‐coresident adult kin based on comparable cross‐national surveys conducted in 2001 in 27 countries. The two main dimensions of kin contact are considered: (1) overall levels and (2) the relative emphasis given to contacts with primary kin (parents, adult children, siblings) and secondary kin (aunts, cousins, in‐laws). Age‐adjusted variations in kin contact between countries are much greater …
What voice for the people? categorising methods of public consultation
Governmental institutions increasingly use consultation procedures in an attempt to augment legitimacy and improve the quality of democratic decision making. However, there has been little systematic academic consideration of the ways in which the different consultation methods relate to democratic decision making. This article examines who is invited to participate in the consultative procedures and the role they are expected to play. Difference…
Sources of error in reported childlessness in a continuous British household survey
A recent investigation of the British General Household Survey (GHS) found substantial over-reporting of childlessness in recent years, particularly at older ages. We examine the phenomenon in further detail and find that the principal cause was change in survey procedures. To some extent the bias can be corrected for by using information on own children in the household. Revised fertility histories give period estimates of total fertility that a…
The Widening Gap in Mortality by Educational Level in the Russian Federation, 1980–2001
Objectives. We examined trends in the relation between educational level and adult mortality in the Russian Federation in the period 1989 through 2001. Methods. We used a convenience cohort based on survey respondents’ information about age, survival status, and educational level of close relatives, and applied modified indirect demographic techniques to stratify mortality rates by educational level in the study period. A random sample of 7172 re…
Where have all the children gone? Women's reports of more childlessness at older ages than when they were younger in a large-scale continuous household survey in Britain
Levels of childlessness reported by the same cohorts of women and surveyed by the British General Household Survey increase with age by over 50 per cent between their early 40s and their late 50s for women born in the early 1940s. Yet the reported mean fertility of parous women remains constant with increasing age. Similar results hold within sub-groups such as different educational and marital status groups. Possible reasons for these findings i…
Intergenerational Mobility in Relative Educational Attainment and Health-Related Behaviours
Socio-economic influences on self-rated health in Russian men and women-a life course approach
Culture and the Courts: A New Direction in Canadian Jurisprudence on Aboriginal Rights
This article explores the implications of changes in Canadian Supreme Court jurisprudence on Aboriginal rights since the 1990s. While recognizing the Court's valuable contributions in the period from Calder to Sparrow, the author argues that the 1996 Van der Peet decision deals a serious blow to the legal status of Aboriginal rights, particularly the right to self-government. The standard of legal recognition established in Van der Peet constitut…
Coresidence with a child and happiness among older widows in Europe: Does gender of the child matter
Both coresidence patterns and the reported well-being of older people vary widely across Europe for a variety of economic, cultural, and historical factors. We investigate how far 2 indicators of well-being, happiness and life satisfaction, vary according to whether or not older women live with their children and, in particular, with son(s) or daughter(s). We compare outcomes for women who are unpartnered widows, the great majority of whom will h…
The Influence of Fertility, Early Housing-Career, and Socioeconomic Factors on Tenure Determination in Contemporary Britain
The time-dependent proportional hazards model is used to analyse first achievement by married couples of a home in one of the two major British housing tenures, owner-occupation and local authority accommodation. The effect of demographic and socioeconomic influences such as age at marriage, social class, and previous housing and fertility histories are estimated using a combination of life-table and regression approaches. All these factors are f…
Reexamining the Dominance of Birth Cohort Effects on Mortality
The association between birth cohort and subsequent mortality has been of interest especially following publication of studies around 1930 of cohorts born up to the latter part of the nineteenth century, particularly for England and Wales. Updated results are presented for this population, together with those for two other cohorts, twentieth-century Japanese and British populations born about 1930, which have been identified as having particularl…
Lithic Microwear Analysis of Middle Stone Age Artifacts from White Paintings Rock Shelter, Botswana
Randolph E. Donahue, Michael L. Murphy, Lawrence H. Robbins, Lithic Microwear Analysis of Middle Stone Age Artifacts from White Paintings Rock Shelter, Botswana, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 29, No. 1/2 (Spring, 2002 - Summer, 2004), pp. 155-163
The Impact of Migration on Long‐Term European Population Trends, 1850 to Present
I estimate the impact of migration on population size in 11 European countries from the middle of the nineteenth century to the present. I derive estimates under the assumption of zero net migration from various points during this period using information from the Human Mortality Database. Disparate patterns are found among countries: net positive inflows for Switzerland and France, with the largest net outflows for Norway and Scotland. I develop…
Sudden infant death syndrome and environmental temperature: An analysis using vital statistics
We examined the relation between the daily numbers of deaths ascribed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (n = 6226) and daily temperature in England and Wales over the five year period 1979-83. When the data were filtered to remove the dominant seasonal trend, and residual autocorrelation, we found a significant negative correlation of deaths with both the level and rate of change of temperature four to six days earlier, irrespective of age a…
The effect of long-term migration dynamics on population structure in England & Wales and Scotland
We investigated the effect of migration on population dynamics in England & Wales and Scotland from the mid-nineteenth century to the present by comparing actual population size and structure with estimates based on zero net migration from a range of starting dates. In this period, Scotland had the largest net outflow among countries in Europe for which detailed information is available, whereas overall net migration in England & Wales was close …
Egyptian and Arabic place-names
Egyptian and Arabic Place-Names
Promoting Competition in Regulated Markets . Almarin Phillips
Fertility, birth timing and marital breakdown: A reinterpretation of the evidence
The conventional view that childlessness was associated with higher than average risk of marital breakdown was questioned by Chester (1972) and Gibson (1980) on the basis of analysis of divorce records. Data from the 1980 General Household Survey are used to show that childless couples, and those who have children early in marriage (and are thus more likely to have large families) are considerably more at risk of breakdown at all marriage duratio…
The Influence of Fertility, Early Housing-Career, and Socioeconomic Factors on Tenure Determination in Contemporary Britain
The time-dependent proportional hazards model is used to analyse first achievement by married couples of a home in one of the two major British housing tenures, owner-occupation and local authority accommodation. The effect of demographic and socioeconomic influences such as age at marriage, social class, and previous housing and fertility histories are estimated using a combination of life-table and regression approaches. All these factors are f…
Another look at the theoretical assumptions of adolescent egocentrism
Vows, boasts and taunts, and the role of women in some medieval literature
(1985). Vows, boasts and taunts, and the role of women in some medieval literature. English Studies: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 105-112
Demographic and Socio-economic Influences on Recent British Marital Breakdown Patterns
The advantages of large-scale multi-purpose surveys compared with official divorce records for examining marital breakdown are assessed, and the extent of under-recording of the concept of breakdown in the latter source is estimated. Demographic and socio-economic differentials in breakdown are examined and the former are found to be generally more powerful. A proportional-hazards life-table model is used to establish the impact of childlessness …
Abraham Wheelock, Arabist and Saxonist
A short documented biography of a seventeenth-century Cambridge scholar who was a pioneer in the study of both Anglo-Saxon and Oriental languages, who occupied the first English academic posts in both Arabic and Old English, and who published work in both Persian and Old English. The paper emphasizes Wheelock's use of both studies for polemical religious purposes
Sudden infant death syndrome and environmental temperature: An analysis using vital statistics
We examined the relation between the daily numbers of deaths ascribed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (n = 6226) and daily temperature in England and Wales over the five year period 1979-83. When the data were filtered to remove the dominant seasonal trend, and residual autocorrelation, we found a significant negative correlation of deaths with both the level and rate of change of temperature four to six days earlier, irrespective of age a…
Short reviews
Wayne Patterson, THE KOREAN FRONTIER IN AMERICA, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1988 Ivan Light and Edna Bonacich, IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS: KOREANS IN LOS ANGELES, 1965–1982, Berkeley, Calif.: University of Califoria Press, 1988. Pyong Gap Min, ETHNIC BUSINESS ENTERPRISE: KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS IN ATLANTA, New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1988. Louis‐Jacques Dorais, Lise Pilon‐Le and Nguyen Huy, EXILE IN A COLD LAND: A VIETNAMESE COMM…
Contrasts in the multiple causes of stillbirth, neonatal death and postneonatal death
A large sample of stillbirth and infant death certificates for England and Wales from 1979-81 was analysed for the frequency of appearance of maternal and fetal conditions anywhere on the certificate, not just as the underlying cause. The results suggest there is presently no need to extend the use of the new stillbirth and neonatal death certificates, introduced in 1986, to the postneonatal period. Periodic multicause analysis of the old style d…
Ethical Obligations and Federal Regulations in Ethnographic Research and Anthropological Education
A number of anthropologists and sociologists have seriously questioned the appropriateness for ethnography of Institutional Review Board procedures because they were designed specifically for biomedical and experimental research. This paper examines two dilemmas created by IRB guidelines when they are applied to ethnographic work conducted by students. The first problem regards the ambiguous boundaries that separate education and research; the se…
The Contraceptive Pill and Women's Employment as Factors in Fertility Change in Britain 1963-1980: A Challenge to the Conventional View
A proximate determinants approach is taken to the analysis of fertility in Britain during the period around 1960 to 1980. It is concluded that the main determinant of fertility change in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s was the diffusion of the oral contraceptive pill. Evidence is presented that pill use was determined largely by contraceptive considerations, rather than by other remote socio-economic factors. In particular, changes in pill use due to …
Episodes of Accountability in the Teaching of Anthropology
In addition to the many new challenges facing the teachers of anthropology, an old one persists: how are we to deal with those of our students who procrastinate, who do not keep up with their reading and writing assignments in a timely manner? This paper suggests assigning multiple, short oral and written assignments as a general solution to this problem, arguing that this procedure can be followed without a substantial increase in the work of pr…
Parable and politics: The ‘Aeolus’ episode of Joyce's ‘Ulysses’
Infertility Treatment and Multiple Birth Rates in Britain, 1938–94
Trends in multiple birth rates are thought to have been substantially affected by subfertility treatments in the last 25 years, but there are few quantitative assessments of this. This paper examines trends in twin and higher multiple birth rates separately in Scotland, England and Wales and compares their course with corresponding multiple birth rates in the Oxford Record Linkage Study area, where the proportions following subfertility treatment…
"Unmaking and Remaking the "One Best System: London, Ontario, 1852-1860
During the middle decades of the nineteenth century, publicly controlled common school systems took root in many parts of North America; the province of Ontario was no exception.' Although antecedents in that province stretched back to 1816, during the 1840s, in particular, a series of school acts was passed to provide for the establishment and maintenance of common schools in rural and urban communities alike. These schools
Social, biological and reproductive characteristics of mothers of twins: Implications for breast cancer risk
The biological, social and reproductive characteristics of women who have had twins were compared with those of other parous women using questionnaire data gathered for a prospective cohort study of women aged 35 and over on the island of Guernsey. Data for 97 mothers of twins and 4026 other parous women were available for analysis. The two groups were similar in height, first degree family history of breast cancer, use of hormone replacement the…
Pregnancy and menstrual hormone levels in mothers of twins compared to mothers of singletons
This study examined the hormonal differences between premenopausal mothers of twins and other premenopausal parous women during and after pregnancy. Serum concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation were measured for 11 mothers of twins and 115 mothers of singletons selected from the controls in a case-control study of cryptorchidism. Serum concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follicle st…
What If Socioeconomics Made No Difference: Access To A Cadaver Kidney Transplant As An Example
OBJECTIVES: Several studies have noted the impact of socioeconomic factors on access to expensive medical care, but none of those studies controlled for self-reported health and functional status or attitudes about treatment alternatives when analyses were completed. Because these factors may be correlated with socioeconomic status, the failure to control for them may have led to bias in other studies. The authors merged data from secondary sourc…
Citizens Plus: Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian State
The Dead: Gabebashing in Joyce Country
(2000). ‘The Dead’: Gabebashing in Joyce Country. English Studies: Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 41-55
Karłowicz, Mieczysław
Family-Level Continuities in Childbearing in Low-Fertility Societies
Sociology (53 works) · Demography (42 works) · Medicine (42 works) · Population (37 works) · Psychology (34 works) · Political science (28 works) · Economics (24 works) · Geography (23 works) · Law (20 works) · Fertility (18 works)