Jesper L Boldsen
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3594726 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jesper L Boldsen |
| PRENOMES | Jesper L |
| SOBRENOME | Boldsen |
| ASSINATURA | BOLDSEN J L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Southern Denmark |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2850-0934 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 297 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1984 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Variation in bioavailable lead, copper, and strontium concentrations in human skeletons from medieval to early modern Denmark
Three trace elements in human bones permit the delineation of temporal and social variability among medieval to early modern Danes in what they ate (strontium, Sr) and whether they lived in an urban or non-urban setting (lead, Pb; copper, Cu). The chemical composition of bones from 332 children (5 to 12 years old) buried in 51 Danish cemeteries was estimated through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Children provide a local c…
Ongoing Work with Adult Skeletal Age Estimation
Improving adult age-at-death estimates using visible features of the human skeleton has been the subject of much research because such assessments are critical elements of forensic investigations and bioarchaeological studies. Beginning in 2014, a National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-funded research team developed a set of age-informative skeletal traits; collected reference data from collections in the United States, Portugal, Thailand, and South…
Bone Strength in Medieval Denmark
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to understand the transition in lower limb loading and terrestrial mobility during the urbanization revolution in medieval Denmark. This was accomplished by comparing the cross-sectional geometric properties of the femora from two populations, the rural cemetery of Tirup and the urban Black Friars cemetery.Materials and Methods: Using two skeletal samples, the rural cemetery of Tirup, Jutland (1150-135…
Aquatic resource consumption at the Odense leprosarium
Leprosy in medieval Denmark
Objectives By focusing on two Danish leprosaria (Næstved and Odense; 13th–16th c. CE) and using diet and origin as proxies, we follow a multi‐isotopic approach to reconstruct life histories of patients and investigate how leprosy affected both institutionalized individuals and the medieval Danish community as a whole. Materials and Methods We combine archaeology, historical sources, biological anthropology, isotopic analyses (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34…
A millennium of population change in pre-modern Danish Ribe
Denmark experienced major socioeconomic changes, including overall population growth, during the Viking, medieval and post-medieval periods from ca. AD 800 to 1800. Archaeological skeletons provide a unique perspective on the population structure of Ribe, a Danish town in Jutland, during the millennium that immediately precedes the industrialization of northern Europe. This skeletal study adds temporal depth to our understanding of an overall tre…
The association between skeletal lesions and tuberculosis diagnosis using a probabilistic approach
Tuberculosis in medieval and early modern Denmark
Genetic resiliency and the Black Death
Objectives In the 14th century AD, medieval Europe was severely affected by the Great European Famine as well as repeated bouts of disease, including the Black Death, causing major demographic shifts. This high volatility led to increased mobility and migration due to new labor and economic opportunities, as evidenced by documentary and stable isotope data. This study uses ancient DNA (aDNA) isolated from skeletal remains to examine whether evide…
Stressing out in medieval Denmark
The influence of early life stress on later life experiences has become a major focus of research in medicine and more recently in bioarchaeology. Dental enamel, which preserves a record of childhood stress events, represents an important resource for this investigation when paired with the information from adult skeletal remains, such as age at death. The purpose of this research was to use a life history approach to the exploration of sex diffe…
Life not death
On the distribution of trace element concentrations in multiple bone elements in 10 Danish medieval and post‐medieval individuals
Background The differences in trace element concentrations among 19 different bone elements procured from 10 archaeologically derived human skeletons have been investigated. The 10 individuals are dated archaeologically and some by radiocarbon dating to the medieval and post‐medieval period, an interval from ca. AD 1150 to ca. AD 1810. This study is relevant for two reasons. First, most archaeometric studies analyze only one bone sample from each…
Sex-related risks of trauma in medieval to early modern Denmark, and its relationship to change in interpersonal violence over time
Comparison of mercury and lead levels in the bones of rural and urban populations in Southern Denmark and Northern Germany during the Middle Ages
Sex estimation from modern American humeri and femora, accounting for sample variance structure
OBJECTIVES: A new procedure for skeletal sex estimation based on humeral and femoral dimensions is presented, based on skeletons from the United States. The approach specifically addresses the problem that arises from a lack of variance homogeneity between the sexes, taking into account prior information about the sample's sex ratio, if known. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three measurements useful for estimating the sex of adult skeletons, the humeral a…
Schleswig
Leprosy was a well-recognized and dreaded disease in medieval Europe. The disease is reported to have reached Germany with the Roman invasion and it was present in Scandinavia in the first centuries AD. This paper estimates and analyzes the frequency of leprosy among adult people buried in one of five medieval cemeteries in the city of Schleswig. Seven different dichotomous osteological lesions indicative of leprosy were analyzed, and it was poss…
Transition analysis
Transition Analysis—a recent skeletal age‐estimation procedure (Boldsen et al.: Paleodemography: age distributions from skeletal samples ( 2002 ) 73–106)—is evaluated using 252 known‐age modern American males and females from the Bass Donated Collection and Mercyhurst forensic cases. The pubic symphysis worked best for estimating age, followed by the sacroiliac joint and cranial sutures. Estimates based on all skeletal characteristics are influen…
Diversity in auxology
Auxology has developed from mere describing child and adolescent growth into a vivid and interdisciplinary research area encompassing human biologists, physicians, social scientists, economists and biostatisticians. The meeting illustrated the diversity in auxology, with the various social, medical, biological and biostatistical aspects in studies on child growth and development.
Growth variation, final height and secular trend. Proceedings of the 17th Aschauer Soiree, 7th November 2009
Population Relationships in and around Medieval Danish Towns
Barry Cunliffe
Leprosy in Medieval Denmark Osteological and epidemiological analyses
A total of 3033 skeletons from 11 medieval Danish cemeteries and 99 skeletons from the North Scandinavian medieval site of Westerhus were examined for seven lesions indicative of leprosy. The seven lesions are: rounding to the edge of the nasal aperture, degeneration of spina nasalis anterior, degeneration of the alveolar process of the pre-maxilla, porosity or perforation of the palatine process of maxilla, sub-periostal exostoses on the fibula,…
Mercury levels in Danish Medieval human bones
Leprosy in Medieval Denmark
Demografisk struktur i landsbyen Tirup
Demographic structure in the village of Tirup By Jesper Boldsen The people of Tirup are by far the best known medieval population in the world. This knowledge is not founded on an exceptionally large sample of skeletons or written documentation but on the analyses that the total excavation of the cemetery has facilitated. The Tirup skeletons have been published in many different, mostly international journals and no comprehensive summary of recen…
Transition analysis
Transition Analysis—a recent skeletal age‐estimation procedure (Boldsen et al.: Paleodemography: age distributions from skeletal samples ( 2002 ) 73–106)—is evaluated using 252 known‐age modern American males and females from the Bass Donated Collection and Mercyhurst forensic cases. The pubic symphysis worked best for estimating age, followed by the sacroiliac joint and cranial sutures. Estimates based on all skeletal characteristics are influen…
Early childhood stress and adult age mortality—A study of dental enamel hypoplasia in the medieval Danish village of Tirup
This study explores how linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) affects mortality in the village of Tirup ( A.D. 1150–1350), Denmark. Data consist of information on 583 skeletons aged 1 year or more. Three partly overlapping subsamples were defined. (1) 104 skeletons of young children aged 1–6 years and 120 skeletons of adults giving information on LEH. (2) 458 skeletons aged 6 years or more. (3) 109 adult skeletons (aged 20 years or more) that provided t…
Mercury levels in Danish Medieval human bones
Enamel hypoplasia in Danish and Lithuanian Late Medieval/Early Modern samples
Numerous studies and various interpretations of the prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) based on populations living in different cultural and economic conditions are causing some confusion and raising doubts about whether or not such LEH are reliable indicators of life conditions. An analysis of LEH prevalence patterns was performed on the adults of three populations: Tirup-a Danish Medieval rural population of the 12-14th centuries (13…
Epidemiological approach to the paleopathological diagnosis of leprosy
In paleopathology it is usually assumed that modern diagnostic criteria can be applied to infectious diseases in the past. However, as both the human species and populations of pathogenic microorganisms undergo evolutionary changes, this assumption is not always well‐founded. To get valid estimates of the frequency (the point prevalence at death) of leprosy in skeletal samples, sensitivity, specificity, and sample frequency must be estimated simu…
Outside St. Jørgen
Leprosy was a common and dreaded disease in the Danish Middle Ages (AD 1050–1536). Starting in the second half of the 13th century, leprosaria were established in many Danish towns and cities. In the city of Odense (on the island of Funen, Denmark), the cemetery of the leprosarium was totally excavated, and four nonleprosarium medieval and early modern cemeteries have been partly excavated. This paper explores the frequency of leprosy in the nonl…
Leprosy and mortality in the Medieval Danish village of Tirup
Leprosy was a well‐recognized and dreaded disease in Denmark in the Middle Ages (AD 1000–1536). A large fraction of the population was affected by leprosy in the 13th century. This paper analyzes the correlation between signs of leprosy and risk of dying in the small Danish village of Tirup (AD 1150–1350). Seven different dichotomous osteological lesions indicative of leprosy are analyzed, and it is possible to score at least one of these conditi…
Comparison of mercury and lead levels in the bones of rural and urban populations in Southern Denmark and Northern Germany during the Middle Ages
A statistical evaluation of the basis for predicting stature from lengths of long bones in European populations
The differences between the variance structures of the bivariate pairs (height, length of the femur) and (height, length of the tibia) are insignificant when estimated from male and female samples of European derived populations, thus the regression lines for the predictions of height are parallel. The variance of height in samples of predicted heights is discussed and the consequences for the statistical analysis of average heights are indicated
On the distribution of trace element concentrations in multiple bone elements in 10 Danish medieval and post‐medieval individuals
Background The differences in trace element concentrations among 19 different bone elements procured from 10 archaeologically derived human skeletons have been investigated. The 10 individuals are dated archaeologically and some by radiocarbon dating to the medieval and post‐medieval period, an interval from ca. AD 1150 to ca. AD 1810. This study is relevant for two reasons. First, most archaeometric studies analyze only one bone sample from each…
Analysis of dental attrition and mortality in the Medieval village of Tirup, Denmark
New directions and new questions raised in the study of health in the past justify this reanalysis of the pattern of dental attrition in the Medieval Danish population of Tirup. Dental attrition was scored on all permanent molars from the Tirup skeletal sample. Scores were analyzed by means of logistic regression of the probability of having entered a given stage of wear for a given tooth in a way that is very similar to transition analysis. The …
Two Methods for reconstructing the empirical mortality profile
Leprosy in the early medieval Lauchheim community
Leprosy was a well‐recognized and dreaded disease in medieval Europe (5th–15th century AD). It is reported to have reached Germany with the Roman invasion. A much larger fraction than previously assumed appears to have been affected by leprosy in the medieval period. This article estimates the frequency (i.e., the prevalence at death) of leprosy among adult people buried in the Lauchheim early medieval cemetery. Seven different dichotomous osteol…
Somatotyping
Sex estimation from modern American humeri and femora, accounting for sample variance structure
OBJECTIVES: A new procedure for skeletal sex estimation based on humeral and femoral dimensions is presented, based on skeletons from the United States. The approach specifically addresses the problem that arises from a lack of variance homogeneity between the sexes, taking into account prior information about the sample's sex ratio, if known. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three measurements useful for estimating the sex of adult skeletons, the humeral a…
Pathogenesis of dental abscesses in a Medieval village community
Boldsen Jesper L. Pathogenesis of dental abscesses in a Medieval village community. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 10 fascicule 3-4, 1998. pp. 345-356
Genetic resiliency and the Black Death
Objectives In the 14th century AD, medieval Europe was severely affected by the Great European Famine as well as repeated bouts of disease, including the Black Death, causing major demographic shifts. This high volatility led to increased mobility and migration due to new labor and economic opportunities, as evidenced by documentary and stable isotope data. This study uses ancient DNA (aDNA) isolated from skeletal remains to examine whether evide…
Leprosy in Medieval Denmark Osteological and epidemiological analyses
A total of 3033 skeletons from 11 medieval Danish cemeteries and 99 skeletons from the North Scandinavian medieval site of Westerhus were examined for seven lesions indicative of leprosy. The seven lesions are: rounding to the edge of the nasal aperture, degeneration of spina nasalis anterior, degeneration of the alveolar process of the pre-maxilla, porosity or perforation of the palatine process of maxilla, sub-periostal exostoses on the fibula,…
Testing conditional independence in diagnostic palaeoepidemiology
Leprosy was a well‐known and dreaded disease in the Middle Ages. A substantial fraction of the adult population carried leprosy‐related lesions. Previous research analyzed the occurrence and implications of seven such lesions in samples of medieval skeletons. These analyses were carried out under the assumption of conditional independence among lesion scores. The present paper examines this assumption by developing a test based on the odds ratios…
Variation in bioavailable lead, copper, and strontium concentrations in human skeletons from medieval to early modern Denmark
Three trace elements in human bones permit the delineation of temporal and social variability among medieval to early modern Danes in what they ate (strontium, Sr) and whether they lived in an urban or non-urban setting (lead, Pb; copper, Cu). The chemical composition of bones from 332 children (5 to 12 years old) buried in 51 Danish cemeteries was estimated through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Children provide a local c…
The past and the present of leprosy, archaeological, historical, palaeopathological and clinical approaches
Ageing and dental attrition in a medieval rural Danish population
The rate of attrition on the permanent molars may depend on culturally and economically determined conditions of living. In order to analyse the relation the probability of having entered the stages of attrition is analysed by means of logistic regression on age at death. It is shown that not all teeth continue to be worn at the same rate throughout life and that there is an association between advanced attrition and risk of dying. The rate of de…
Ongoing Work with Adult Skeletal Age Estimation
Improving adult age-at-death estimates using visible features of the human skeleton has been the subject of much research because such assessments are critical elements of forensic investigations and bioarchaeological studies. Beginning in 2014, a National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-funded research team developed a set of age-informative skeletal traits; collected reference data from collections in the United States, Portugal, Thailand, and South…
Aquatic resource consumption at the Odense leprosarium
A millennium of population change in pre-modern Danish Ribe
Denmark experienced major socioeconomic changes, including overall population growth, during the Viking, medieval and post-medieval periods from ca. AD 800 to 1800. Archaeological skeletons provide a unique perspective on the population structure of Ribe, a Danish town in Jutland, during the millennium that immediately precedes the industrialization of northern Europe. This skeletal study adds temporal depth to our understanding of an overall tre…
Assortative mating for IQ
This paper examines the similarity between husbands and wives at the IQ subtest level, using seven tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. There was some evidence for sex differences; husbands scored higher than their wives on three of the subtests. After logarithmic transformation of some subtests the data were shown to be consistent with multivariate normality. A simplified covariance matrix was produced. Principal component analysis …
The distribution of stature among Danish conscripts in 1852–56
Stature measurements on large samples of unselected 22-year-old Danish males from the period 1852-56 are analysed. Data are given for 18 rural counties and the City of Copenhagen. The distribution of stature deviates significantly and systematically from Normality in all counties. A mixture of two Normal distributions with equal variances describes the empirical distribution of stature in the 18 rural counties and explains important aspects of th…
A statistical evaluation of the basis for predicting stature from lengths of long bones in European populations
The differences between the variance structures of the bivariate pairs (height, length of the femur) and (height, length of the tibia) are insignificant when estimated from male and female samples of European derived populations, thus the regression lines for the predictions of height are parallel. The variance of height in samples of predicted heights is discussed and the consequences for the statistical analysis of average heights are indicated
Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample
The height distributions of 11-year-old boys and girls and their parents (N = 33 000) comprising the National Child Development Study are reported. The variance in height was found to differ significantly between social classes for all three family positions (father, mother and child). Analysis of variance and cluster analysis revealed that stature distributions in all three family positions is more socially rather than regionally differentiated
Recalled age of menarche in Britain
The purpose of this study was to determine recalled age at menarche from the National Child Development Survey of all children born in Britain in one week of 1958. All subjects were questioned at the same age (16 years); mean age at menarche was estimated as 13.3 +/- 0.02 years. The data deviate significantly from normality. Marked regional variation occurred but very little social class differentiation was apparent
Analysis of repeated reported adult statures
A large sample of women reported their heights on two occass; ons with an 11‐year time lag. The differences between the two reportings did not conform to the normal distribution hypothesis of measurement errors. The correlation coefficient between the two reportings was closed to the lower range of those between measured and reported heights. Mean reported stature was found to rise with time. The difference between the height reported at the two …
Assortative mating, differential fertility and abnormal pregnancy outcome
This study examines the relationship between spousal likeness in stature and two measures of reproductive success: the number of live-born children and the frequency of abnormal pregnancies, in a large British national sample. The analyses showed that as the husband-wife height difference increases so does the probability of having an abnormal pregnancy outcome. Increasing spousal similarity for height associates with increasing numbers of live-b…
Two Methods for reconstructing the empirical mortality profile
Age at first intercourse
In 1984–85 a representative sample of 286 Danish women and 336 men aged 16–20 years were interviewed about their sexual debut. Seventy-four females (25·9%) and 101 males (30·1%) had not yet experienced sexual intercourse. A maximum likelihood estimation method was used to establish the age distribution at sexual debut. This takes into account knowledge of age at interview among the non-experienced respondents and of the few who did not report age…
Age of partners at first intercourse among Danish males and females
Time to pregnancy—a model and its application
Biological fertility is poorly measured by the number of children born in industrially advanced societies. The time elapsing from when a couple decides to have a child to clinically recognizable pregnancy is a useful alternative. Time to pregnancy can be collected in broad categories in large samples. A model for condensing important information from such data is presented, which fits several large samples of reported waiting times. It is shown t…
Childhood conditions and adult height
Self-reported height and childhood conditions among 1711 Danish male general workers born between 1923 and 1940 were analysed. No significant associations were found between adult height and father's occupation, growing up with both parents, paternal unemployment, sickness among the parents, parents receiving disability pension, economical problems in childhood, area of residence in childhood, and years at school. The study therefore provides no …
Ageing and dental attrition in a medieval rural Danish population
The rate of attrition on the permanent molars may depend on culturally and economically determined conditions of living. In order to analyse the relation the probability of having entered the stages of attrition is analysed by means of logistic regression on age at death. It is shown that not all teeth continue to be worn at the same rate throughout life and that there is an association between advanced attrition and risk of dying. The rate of de…
Somatotyping
Birth Order and Health Status in a British National Sample
Analysis of British National Child Development Study data corroborates the long held views that first born children tend to get more medical surveillance than those of later birth order, and that there is a direct relationship between achieved family size and social status.
Geographical distribution of some Danish surnames
Geographical differences in the frequencies of eight common surnames in Jutland (Denmark) are analysed using data from telephone directories of 121 exchanges. All the names showed a significant geographical surplus variance, which was divided into trend and patchiness components reflecting the history of the names. The surplus variance of surnames with restricted areas of origin was dominated by a large trend component; for surnames with an origi…
Season of birth and recalled age at menarche
All 8th-form schoolgirls from the municipality of Odense in Denmark were asked at what age they reached menarche, and 886 girls (97·6%) gave this information. There is no evidence for seasonality in the time of birth but for far more girls than expected menarche occurred during winter or summer and fewer than expected during spring and autumn. This pattern appears primarily in girls living in the suburbs and was not seen in those living in centra…
Geographical variation in age at menarche in Britain
The geographical distribution of age at menarche in great Britain is analysed in two successive generations. It appears that the variances for age at menarche are equal throughout the country. The means, however, show significant and complicated patterns of regional variation. In the southern and eastern parts of the country, menarche was earlier than in the northern parts in both generations. This patterning is not due to social class differenti…
Relationship of people across an international border based on an isonymy analysis across the German–Danish frontier
Using lists of names of male personal telephone subscribers, isonymy was calculated within and between 29 contiguous areas in a north-to-south line extending 210 km south of Grindsted, Denmark. Each area shared some surname(s) with every other area. Isonymy was high across both the present and past borders of Denmark with Germany and was consistently lower in areas beyond 160 km south of Grindsted. Relative isonymy between areas was also smaller …
Body proportions in a medieval village population
The purpose of this paper is to widen the observational basis for analysing growth patterns. To reach this aim measurements taken on skeletons from a small Danish village, Tirup, are analysed in relation to evidence for ill health in early childhood (age 1-6 years, inclusive). Enamel hypoplasia is taken as the indicator of health problems in this age range. It is found that episodes of ill health in childhood played no part in the formation of ad…
Pathogenesis of dental abscesses in a Medieval village community
Boldsen Jesper L. Pathogenesis of dental abscesses in a Medieval village community. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 10 fascicule 3-4, 1998. pp. 345-356
Epidemiological approach to the paleopathological diagnosis of leprosy
In paleopathology it is usually assumed that modern diagnostic criteria can be applied to infectious diseases in the past. However, as both the human species and populations of pathogenic microorganisms undergo evolutionary changes, this assumption is not always well‐founded. To get valid estimates of the frequency (the point prevalence at death) of leprosy in skeletal samples, sensitivity, specificity, and sample frequency must be estimated simu…
The Prevalent Use of Contraception Among Teenagers in Denmark and the Corresponding Low Pregnancy Rate
In Denmark the number of births and induced abortions among teenagers has reduced and teenage parenthood is now rare. This paper evaluates the correlation between this observed fertility and reported sexual and contraceptive behaviour. In 1989 a sample of 16–20-year-olds in Denmark was selected at random and personally interviewed about sexual and contraceptive behaviour. Ninety-five per cent of the young women who had experienced sexual intercou…
Transition analysis
Introduction Estimating the ages of skeletons is an essential part of any osteologist's job, regardless of whether the skeletons come from forensic or archaeological contexts. The ages of juvenile skeletons can usually be estimated with minimal bias and an acceptable range of error, although even this endeavor is not entirely free from problems. But the situation is far worse when one is dealing with the skeletons of adults. Here a number of seri…
Enamel hypoplasia in Danish and Lithuanian Late Medieval/Early Modern samples
Numerous studies and various interpretations of the prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) based on populations living in different cultural and economic conditions are causing some confusion and raising doubts about whether or not such LEH are reliable indicators of life conditions. An analysis of LEH prevalence patterns was performed on the adults of three populations: Tirup-a Danish Medieval rural population of the 12-14th centuries (13…
Demography (41 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (30 obras) · Sociology (29 obras) · Medicine (27 obras) · Population (26 obras) · Geography (23 obras) · Danish (19 obras) · Archaeology (18 obras) · Biology (15 obras) · History (14 obras)