Marcus Credé
Biographic Data
| ID | 3602199 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marcus Credé |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marcus |
| FAMILY NAME | Credé |
| SIGNATURE | CREDÉ M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Iowa State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7836-1285 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 127 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
In the Service of the Prince
There is an ongoing debate among organizational scholars as to whether Machiavellianism is a liability for leaders. Some scholars argue that Machiavellian leaders are likely to fail due to their toxic orientation toward followers, while others suggest that Machiavelli's teachings constitute a set of best practices. To balance these perspectives, we blend socioanalytic theory and mimicry‐deception theory to argue that risk detection and political …
Estimating the replicability of statistically significant moderation effects in personality research using z-curve analysis
Does leadership still not need emotional intelligence? Continuing “The Great EI Debate”
On the predicted replicability of two decades of experimental research on system justification
We examine the predicted replicability of experimental research on system justification theory (SJT) by conducting a z‐curve analysis. Z‐curve is a meta‐analytic technique similar to p‐curve, but which performs better under conditions of heterogeneity. It estimates the predicted replication rate, average power, false discovery risk, and file drawer ratio (FDR) of a sample of studies. The z‐curve based on 116 papers and 232 unique samples suggests…
What Shall We Do About Grit? A Critical Review of What We Know and What We Don’t Know
Grit is a construct that is widely studied by educational researchers and that has generally been enthusiastically received by educational practitioners. This essay highlights that many of the core claims about grit have either been unexamined or are directly contradicted by the accumulated empirical evidence. Specifically, there appears to be no reason to accept the combination of perseverance and passion for long-term goals into a single grit c…
Revisiting the Power Pose Effect
The literature on the impact of expansive poses on biological and psychological variables is characterized by discrepant findings. These discrepant findings may, in part, be a function of differences in how data were analyzed. In this article, we use multiverse analysis to examine whether the findings reported in the original paper by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap are robust to plausible alternative data analytic specifications: outlier identification s…
Much ado about grit
Grit has been presented as a higher order personality trait that is highly predictive of both success and performance and distinct from other traits such as conscientiousness. This paper provides a meta-analytic review of the grit literature with a particular focus on the structure of grit and the relation between grit and performance, retention, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our results based on 584 effect size…
How distinctive are morningness and eveningness from the Big Five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation
This study explores relations between measures of individuals' circadian preferences and the Big Five. To this end, we compared a model of circadian preferences that acknowledges morningness (M) and eveningness (E) as separate dimensions to that of a model that places M and E on a single continuum (M-E). Analyses of 620 correlations from 44 independent samples (N = 16,647) revealed weak to modest relations between both dimensions of circadian pre…
Years of higher-order confirmatory factor analysis in the organizational sciences
We discuss how confirmatory factor analysis results should be used to examine potential higher-order constructs and advocate that researchers present five types of evidence, which are as follows: (1) the ability of the higher-order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables; (2) the ability of the higher-order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables better than more parsimonious alternative m…
An Assessment of the Magnitude of Effect Sizes
This study compiles information from more than 250 meta-analyses conducted over the past 30 years to assess the magnitude of reported effect sizes in the organizational behavior (OB)/human resources (HR) literatures. Our analysis revealed an average uncorrected effect of r = .227 and an average corrected effect of ρ = .278 ( SDρ = .140). Based on the distribution of effect sizes we report, Cohen’s effect size benchmarks are not appropriate for us…
Adjustment to College as Measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire
An evaluation of the consequences of using short measures of the Big Five personality traits
Researchers often use very abbreviated (e.g., 1-item, 2-item) measures of personality traits due to their convenience and ease of use as well as the belief that such measures can adequately capture an individual's personality. Using data from 2 samples (N = 437 employees, N = 355 college students), we show that this practice, particularly the use of single-item measures, can lead researchers to substantially underestimate the role that personalit…
A meta-analytic review of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire
Class Attendance in College
A meta-analysis of the relationship between class attendance in college and college grades reveals that attendance has strong relationships with both class grades ( k = 69, N = 21,195, ρ = .44) and GPA ( k = 33, N = 9,243, ρ = .41). These relationships make class attendance a better predictor of college grades than any other known predictor of academic performance, including scores on standardized admissions tests such as the SAT, high school GPA…
Random Responding as a Threat to the Validity of Effect Size Estimates in Correlational Research
Random responding to psychological inventories is a long-standing concern among clinical practitioners and researchers interested in interpreting idiographic data, but it is typically viewed as having only a minor impact on the statistical inferences drawn from nomothetic data. This article explores the impact of random responding on the size and direction of correlations observed between multi-item inventory scores. Random responses to individua…
Emotional Intelligence and Transformational and Transactional Leadership
The purpose of this study is to evaluate claims that emotional intelligence is significantly related to transformational and other leadership behaviors. Results (based on 62 independent samples) indicated a validity estimate of .59 when ratings of both emotional intelligence and leadership behaviors were provided by the same source (self, subordinates, peers, or superiors). However, when ratings of the constructs were derived from different sourc…
Study Habits, Skills, and Attitudes
Study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of academic performance, yielding substantial incremental validity in predicting academic performance. This meta-analysis ( N = 72,431, k = 344) examines the construct validity and predictive validity of 10 study skill constructs for college students. We found that study skill inventories and constructs are largely …
Noncognitive Variables in College Admissions
The Non-Cognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) is a 23-item measure assessing eight noncognitive variables that are thought to predict the performance and retention of students in college. The NCQ is widely used in research and practice. This study is a meta-analytic review of the validity of scores on the NCQ across 47 independent samples for predicting academic outcomes ( N = 9,321). Across all analyses, none of the scales of the NCQ are adequate predic…
The Validity of Self-Reported Grade Point Averages, Class Ranks, and Test Scores
Self-reported grades are heavily used in research and applied settings because of the importance of grades and the convenience of obtaining self-reports. This study reviews and meta-analytically summarizes the literature on the accuracy of self-reported grades, class ranks, and test scores. Results based on a pairwise sample of 60,926 subjects indicate that self-reported grades are less construct valid than many scholars believe. Furthermore, sel…
Much ado about grit
Grit has been presented as a higher order personality trait that is highly predictive of both success and performance and distinct from other traits such as conscientiousness. This paper provides a meta-analytic review of the grit literature with a particular focus on the structure of grit and the relation between grit and performance, retention, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our results based on 584 effect size…
An evaluation of the consequences of using short measures of the Big Five personality traits
Researchers often use very abbreviated (e.g., 1-item, 2-item) measures of personality traits due to their convenience and ease of use as well as the belief that such measures can adequately capture an individual's personality. Using data from 2 samples (N = 437 employees, N = 355 college students), we show that this practice, particularly the use of single-item measures, can lead researchers to substantially underestimate the role that personalit…
How distinctive are morningness and eveningness from the Big Five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation
This study explores relations between measures of individuals' circadian preferences and the Big Five. To this end, we compared a model of circadian preferences that acknowledges morningness (M) and eveningness (E) as separate dimensions to that of a model that places M and E on a single continuum (M-E). Analyses of 620 correlations from 44 independent samples (N = 16,647) revealed weak to modest relations between both dimensions of circadian pre…
An Assessment of the Magnitude of Effect Sizes
This study compiles information from more than 250 meta-analyses conducted over the past 30 years to assess the magnitude of reported effect sizes in the organizational behavior (OB)/human resources (HR) literatures. Our analysis revealed an average uncorrected effect of r = .227 and an average corrected effect of ρ = .278 ( SDρ = .140). Based on the distribution of effect sizes we report, Cohen’s effect size benchmarks are not appropriate for us…
On the predicted replicability of two decades of experimental research on system justification
We examine the predicted replicability of experimental research on system justification theory (SJT) by conducting a z‐curve analysis. Z‐curve is a meta‐analytic technique similar to p‐curve, but which performs better under conditions of heterogeneity. It estimates the predicted replication rate, average power, false discovery risk, and file drawer ratio (FDR) of a sample of studies. The z‐curve based on 116 papers and 232 unique samples suggests…
Emotional Intelligence and Transformational and Transactional Leadership
The purpose of this study is to evaluate claims that emotional intelligence is significantly related to transformational and other leadership behaviors. Results (based on 62 independent samples) indicated a validity estimate of .59 when ratings of both emotional intelligence and leadership behaviors were provided by the same source (self, subordinates, peers, or superiors). However, when ratings of the constructs were derived from different sourc…
The Validity of Self-Reported Grade Point Averages, Class Ranks, and Test Scores
Self-reported grades are heavily used in research and applied settings because of the importance of grades and the convenience of obtaining self-reports. This study reviews and meta-analytically summarizes the literature on the accuracy of self-reported grades, class ranks, and test scores. Results based on a pairwise sample of 60,926 subjects indicate that self-reported grades are less construct valid than many scholars believe. Furthermore, sel…
Noncognitive Variables in College Admissions
The Non-Cognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) is a 23-item measure assessing eight noncognitive variables that are thought to predict the performance and retention of students in college. The NCQ is widely used in research and practice. This study is a meta-analytic review of the validity of scores on the NCQ across 47 independent samples for predicting academic outcomes ( N = 9,321). Across all analyses, none of the scales of the NCQ are adequate predic…
Study Habits, Skills, and Attitudes
Study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of academic performance, yielding substantial incremental validity in predicting academic performance. This meta-analysis ( N = 72,431, k = 344) examines the construct validity and predictive validity of 10 study skill constructs for college students. We found that study skill inventories and constructs are largely …
Class Attendance in College
A meta-analysis of the relationship between class attendance in college and college grades reveals that attendance has strong relationships with both class grades ( k = 69, N = 21,195, ρ = .44) and GPA ( k = 33, N = 9,243, ρ = .41). These relationships make class attendance a better predictor of college grades than any other known predictor of academic performance, including scores on standardized admissions tests such as the SAT, high school GPA…
Random Responding as a Threat to the Validity of Effect Size Estimates in Correlational Research
Random responding to psychological inventories is a long-standing concern among clinical practitioners and researchers interested in interpreting idiographic data, but it is typically viewed as having only a minor impact on the statistical inferences drawn from nomothetic data. This article explores the impact of random responding on the size and direction of correlations observed between multi-item inventory scores. Random responses to individua…
Emotional Intelligence and Transformational and Transactional Leadership
The purpose of this study is to evaluate claims that emotional intelligence is significantly related to transformational and other leadership behaviors. Results (based on 62 independent samples) indicated a validity estimate of .59 when ratings of both emotional intelligence and leadership behaviors were provided by the same source (self, subordinates, peers, or superiors). However, when ratings of the constructs were derived from different sourc…
A meta-analytic review of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire
Adjustment to College as Measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire
An evaluation of the consequences of using short measures of the Big Five personality traits
Researchers often use very abbreviated (e.g., 1-item, 2-item) measures of personality traits due to their convenience and ease of use as well as the belief that such measures can adequately capture an individual's personality. Using data from 2 samples (N = 437 employees, N = 355 college students), we show that this practice, particularly the use of single-item measures, can lead researchers to substantially underestimate the role that personalit…
Years of higher-order confirmatory factor analysis in the organizational sciences
We discuss how confirmatory factor analysis results should be used to examine potential higher-order constructs and advocate that researchers present five types of evidence, which are as follows: (1) the ability of the higher-order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables; (2) the ability of the higher-order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables better than more parsimonious alternative m…
An Assessment of the Magnitude of Effect Sizes
This study compiles information from more than 250 meta-analyses conducted over the past 30 years to assess the magnitude of reported effect sizes in the organizational behavior (OB)/human resources (HR) literatures. Our analysis revealed an average uncorrected effect of r = .227 and an average corrected effect of ρ = .278 ( SDρ = .140). Based on the distribution of effect sizes we report, Cohen’s effect size benchmarks are not appropriate for us…
Revisiting the Power Pose Effect
The literature on the impact of expansive poses on biological and psychological variables is characterized by discrepant findings. These discrepant findings may, in part, be a function of differences in how data were analyzed. In this article, we use multiverse analysis to examine whether the findings reported in the original paper by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap are robust to plausible alternative data analytic specifications: outlier identification s…
Much ado about grit
Grit has been presented as a higher order personality trait that is highly predictive of both success and performance and distinct from other traits such as conscientiousness. This paper provides a meta-analytic review of the grit literature with a particular focus on the structure of grit and the relation between grit and performance, retention, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our results based on 584 effect size…
How distinctive are morningness and eveningness from the Big Five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation
This study explores relations between measures of individuals' circadian preferences and the Big Five. To this end, we compared a model of circadian preferences that acknowledges morningness (M) and eveningness (E) as separate dimensions to that of a model that places M and E on a single continuum (M-E). Analyses of 620 correlations from 44 independent samples (N = 16,647) revealed weak to modest relations between both dimensions of circadian pre…
What Shall We Do About Grit? A Critical Review of What We Know and What We Don’t Know
Grit is a construct that is widely studied by educational researchers and that has generally been enthusiastically received by educational practitioners. This essay highlights that many of the core claims about grit have either been unexamined or are directly contradicted by the accumulated empirical evidence. Specifically, there appears to be no reason to accept the combination of perseverance and passion for long-term goals into a single grit c…
Does leadership still not need emotional intelligence? Continuing “The Great EI Debate”
On the predicted replicability of two decades of experimental research on system justification
We examine the predicted replicability of experimental research on system justification theory (SJT) by conducting a z‐curve analysis. Z‐curve is a meta‐analytic technique similar to p‐curve, but which performs better under conditions of heterogeneity. It estimates the predicted replication rate, average power, false discovery risk, and file drawer ratio (FDR) of a sample of studies. The z‐curve based on 116 papers and 232 unique samples suggests…
Estimating the replicability of statistically significant moderation effects in personality research using z-curve analysis
In the Service of the Prince
There is an ongoing debate among organizational scholars as to whether Machiavellianism is a liability for leaders. Some scholars argue that Machiavellian leaders are likely to fail due to their toxic orientation toward followers, while others suggest that Machiavelli's teachings constitute a set of best practices. To balance these perspectives, we blend socioanalytic theory and mimicry‐deception theory to argue that risk detection and political …
Psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Big Five personality traits (6 works) · Personality (6 works) · Econometrics (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Personality Traits and Psychology (5 works) · Statistics (5 works) · Clinical Psychology (4 works) · Computer Science (4 works)