Michael Strube
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3602360 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael Strube |
| PRENOMES | Michael |
| SOBRENOME | Strube |
| ASSINATURA | STRUBE M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4731-8142 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 61 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 205 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Age, income, and the discounting of delayed monetary losses
Objectives Previous studies failed to find age-related differences in the discounting of delayed, monetary losses, potentially due to their failure to examine the effects of income and their use of relatively small loss amounts. Accordingly, the present study examined the effects of age and income on the degree to which adults discount a broad range of loss amounts. Methods A total of 594 participants (age range: 20 to 80; income range: $100,000)…
Intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation strategy use and effectiveness across adulthood
One way older adults may be able to maintain emotional well-being despite declining in cognitive ability is through leveraging social resources for intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation. Additionally, given their increased life experience, older adults might also be particularly well-suited to regulate the emotions of others. To examine age difference in use and effectiveness of intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation, community adults ( …
Task measuring implicit attractiveness as a function of skin tone and facial features
In two studies, participants completed an implicit attractiveness task with faces as primes varying on (a) facial features from Afrocentric to Eurocentric and (b) skin tone from dark to light, and target pictures of environmental scenes varying in attractiveness. On each trial, participants were briefly primed with a face. Next, they categorized a target picture as either attractive or unattractive as quickly as possible. In addition, in Study 2,…
Negative emotion and nonacceptance of emotion in daily life
Nonacceptance of emotion is consistently linked with increased levels of psychopathology and diminished well-being. Research has found that negative emotion and nonacceptance of emotion are positively associated cross-sectionally but has yet to directly investigate temporal associations between these constructs. Given that negative emotions are frequently the target of negative thoughts and other emotions, and that acceptance of emotion is associ…
Toward a better understanding of costs in prospective memory
In prospective memory (PM) research, a common finding is that people are slower to perform an ongoing task with concurrent PM demands than to perform the same task alone. This slowing, referred to as costs, has been seen as reflecting the processes underlying successful PM. Historically, costs have been interpreted as evidence that attentional capacity is being devoted toward detecting PM targets and maintaining the intention in working memory; i…
Unrestricted Bridging Resolution
In contrast to identity anaphors, which indicate coreference between a noun phrase and its antecedent, bridging anaphors link to their antecedent(s) via lexico-semantic, frame, or encyclopedic relations. Bridging resolution involves recognizing bridging anaphors and finding links to antecedents. In contrast to most prior work, we tackle both problems. Our work also follows a more wide-ranging definition of bridging than most previous work and doe…
Cahost
When using multiple regression, researchers frequently wish to explore how the relationship between two variables is moderated by another variable; this is termed an interaction. Historically, two approaches have been used to probe interactions: the pick-a-point approach and the Johnson-Neyman (JN) technique. The pick-a-point approach has limitations that can be avoided using the JN technique. Currently, the software available for implementing th…
Attractiveness as a Function of Skin Tone and Facial Features
Participants rated the attractiveness and racial typicality of male faces varying in their facial features from Afrocentric to Eurocentric and in skin tone from dark to light in two experiments. Experiment 1 provided evidence that facial features and skin tone have an interactive effect on perceptions of attractiveness and mixed-race faces are perceived as more attractive than single-race faces. Experiment 2 further confirmed that faces with medi…
Behavioural clusters and predictors of performance during recovery from stroke
Living Language
With 24 adolescent students enrolled in a French language summer camp, the present study examines the relationship between self‐assessment and oral production in French, interpreting results through a framework of individual learning variables. Participants were surrounded by French inside and outside the classroom. Self‐assessment was measured through a criterion‐referenced self‐assessment questionnaire (Brantmeier, Vanderplank, & Strube, 2012).…
People With Dark Personalities Tend to Create a Physically Attractive Veneer
Which personality traits are associated with physical attractiveness? Recent findings suggest that people high in some dark personality traits, such as narcissism and psychopathy, can be physically attractive. But what makes them attractive? Studies have confounded the more enduring qualities that impact attractiveness (i.e., unadorned attractiveness) and the effects of easily manipulated qualities such as clothing (i.e., effective adornment). In…
Now One Is Russian, Now One Is Not
We studied implicit and explicit ethnic attitudes and ethnic evaluations in Russia, where ethnic prejudice and violence are on the rise. Undergraduate sociology students ( N = 54) judged 100 faces, varying in facial physiognomy (Eurocentric to Afrocentric) and skin tone (light to dark), and completed implicit and explicit ethnic attitude measures. Participants used skin tone when evaluating faces as Russian or non-Russian, and relied on facial ph…
Environmental Attitudes, Knowledge, Intentions and Behaviors Among College Students
College students (N = 90) reported their pro-environment behaviors as well as their pro-environment intentions, their explicit and implicit attitudes about the environment, and their knowledge about environmental issues. Intentions and knowledge significantly and independently predicted behavior. Environmental knowledge was not significantly related to attitudes. Implicit and explicit attitudes were significantly but only moderately related. Only…
What about me
The role of skin color and facial physiognomy in racial categorization
Narcissism and attractiveness
Not all negative words slow down lexical decision and naming speed
Previously the authors analyzed sets of words used in emotion Stroop experiments and found little evidence of automatic vigilance, for example, slower lexical decision time (LDT) or naming speed for negative words after controlling for lexical features. If there is a slowdown evoked by word negativity, most studies to date overestimate the effect because word negativity is often confounded with lexical features that promote slower word recognitio…
Everybody knows it’s true”
Personality traits in captive lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus)
Personality influences an individual's perception of a situation and orchestrates behavioral responses. It is an important factor in elucidating variation in behavior both within and between species. The major focus of this research was to test a method that differs from those used in most previous personality studies, while investigating the personality traits of 52 captive lion-tailed macaques from four zoos. In this study, data from behavioral…
Dialogue Acts, Synchronizing Units, and Anaphora Resolution
In this paper, we present the results of a corpus analysis, and a model of anaphora resolution in spontaneous spoken dialogues. The main finding of our corpus analysis is that less than half the pronouns and demonstratives have NP antecedents in the preceding text; 22% have sentential antecedents and the remainder have no identifiable linguistic antecedents. As part of' the corpus analysis we present the results of inter-annotator agreement tests…
A test of value congruence effects
This study investigated value congruence effects on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. We used the competing values framework to measure values, and response-surface methodology employing polynomial regression equations to investigate congruence effects. Our sample, 1,358 hospital employees, made judgments about their personal preferences for the four competing value sets—internal process, open systems, rational goal, and human relat…
A Black Feminist Model of Rape Myth Acceptance
A Black feminist model was used to investigate rape myth acceptance between African American antirape activists and a comparison group of nonactivists using Cross's (1991) racial identity model and Downing and Roush's (1985) feminist identity model. As predicted, activists rejected rape myths more than nonactivists; the earlier stages of both models were associated with rape myth acceptance; the later stages were associated with rape myth rejecti…
Self-Evaluation
An African-Centered, Black Feminist Approach to Understanding Attitudes That Counter Social Dominance
We used an African-centered model of male-female equality, Black feminist theory, racial identity theory, and findings from the rape myth acceptance literature to explore male dominant and White racial dominant attitudes among antirape activists and a comparison group of nonactivists. As predicted, activists and sexually nonaggressive men rejected rape myths and possessed more egalitarian attitudes toward women than did nonactivists and sexually …
Differential effects of racial composition on male and female groups
Group workers are increasingly required to construct multiracial groups. But race remains a critical and often problematic factor in the quality of individual interactions. Moreover, evidence indicates that the racial proportions of black-white groupings often affect the quality of those interactions. Still unclear, however, is which racial configurations of black people and white people are most or least satisfactory. The study described in this…
The Decision to Leave an Abusive Relationship
Michael J Strube, Linda S. Barbour, The Decision to Leave an Abusive Relationship: Economic Dependence and Psychological Commitment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Nov., 1983), pp. 785-793
The role of skin color and facial physiognomy in racial categorization
The decision to leave an abusive relationship
Factors Related to the Decision to Leave an Abusive Relationship
This study examined the role of severalfactors that past theory and research suggest should influence a battered woman's decision to leave her partner. Both objective and subjective measures were collected from 251 abused women. Results indicated that eight variables contributed independently to relationship decisions. Women who had left the relationship at follow-up were more likely than were those who remained to be employed, to have been in th…
What about me
Narcissism and attractiveness
A Black Feminist Model of Rape Myth Acceptance
A Black feminist model was used to investigate rape myth acceptance between African American antirape activists and a comparison group of nonactivists using Cross's (1991) racial identity model and Downing and Roush's (1985) feminist identity model. As predicted, activists rejected rape myths more than nonactivists; the earlier stages of both models were associated with rape myth acceptance; the later stages were associated with rape myth rejecti…
Interpersonal aggression and the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern
Past research suggests that Type As are more aggressive than Type Bs. However, little is known about the nature of that aggression. The present two studies investigated the theoretical distinction between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression and examined the practical implications of this distinction. Study 1 used a modified version of the Buss teacher-learner procedure that allowed the isolation of hostile from instrumental acts. Resul…
Type A behavior, age, and psychological well-being
We investigated psychological well-being among Type A and B individuals across the age span. We hypothesized that the hard-driving, achievement-oriented lifestyle exhibited by Type As would be adaptive in younger age groups, but would lead to lower well-being in later life because of increased limitations on the range and level of one's activities. By contrast, the more relaxed, easygoing style of the Type B matches better the slower pace of old …
Living Language
With 24 adolescent students enrolled in a French language summer camp, the present study examines the relationship between self‐assessment and oral production in French, interpreting results through a framework of individual learning variables. Participants were surrounded by French inside and outside the classroom. Self‐assessment was measured through a criterion‐referenced self‐assessment questionnaire (Brantmeier, Vanderplank, & Strube, 2012).…
Everybody knows it’s true”
Type A behavior pattern and the self-evaluation of abilities
The self-appraisal model proposes that Type A behavior reflects active attempts to generate diagnostic information about abilities, particularly in situations that evoke high uncertainty. In Study 1, subjects were provided feedback indicating high or low uncertainty about underlying abilities in two domains. When subjects were more uncertain of their ability in one domain than in the other, Jenkins-Activity-Survey-defined Type As (but not Type Bs…
Self-enhancement, self-assessment, and self-evaluative task choice
Past research on self-evaluation indicates that there are two contrasting viewpoints concerning the acquisition of self-knowledge. According to the self-assessment view, accurate information is sought, regardless of its implications for self-esteem. According to the self-enhancement view, accurate information is desirable, but only if it also has positive implications for the self. We examined the conditions under which each view provides an adeq…
Attractiveness as a Function of Skin Tone and Facial Features
Participants rated the attractiveness and racial typicality of male faces varying in their facial features from Afrocentric to Eurocentric and in skin tone from dark to light in two experiments. Experiment 1 provided evidence that facial features and skin tone have an interactive effect on perceptions of attractiveness and mixed-race faces are perceived as more attractive than single-race faces. Experiment 2 further confirmed that faces with medi…
An African-Centered, Black Feminist Approach to Understanding Attitudes That Counter Social Dominance
We used an African-centered model of male-female equality, Black feminist theory, racial identity theory, and findings from the rape myth acceptance literature to explore male dominant and White racial dominant attitudes among antirape activists and a comparison group of nonactivists. As predicted, activists and sexually nonaggressive men rejected rape myths and possessed more egalitarian attitudes toward women than did nonactivists and sexually …
Self-evaluation of abilities
Past research indicates that individuals are keenly aware of the diagnostic implications of their performance. Theories differ, however, in regard to how this awareness influences task choice. According to the self-assessment view, individuals choose tasks that are maximally informative of abilities, regardless of self-esteem implications. According to the self-enhancement view, task choice is often mediated by a concern for self-esteem protectio…
A meta-analytic investigation of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness
Evidence for the Type in Type A behavior
Comparison of power rates for combined probability procedures
Relinquishment of control and the Type A behavior pattern
We investigated the role of information processing in the control relinquishment decisions of Type As and Bs. Pairs of subjects worked independently on a task and received feedback indicating that their partner had performed at a comparable or superior level. On a second task, subjects combined their efforts and made decisions concerning who would work on different parts of that task. One third of the subjects made this decision before completing…
Multiple determinants and effect size
Ahadi and Diener (1989) argued that the prevalent concern about low trait-behavior correlations may reflect the faulty assumption of a one-to-one relation between traits and behaviors. Using a simulation methodology, they demonstrated that low to moderate trait-behavior and behavior-behavior correlations are to be expected even when 2 behaviors are each completely determined by 3 traits with 1 trait in common. It is demonstrated that the results …
Postperformance attributions and task persistence among Type A and B individuals
We examined task persistence and postperformance attributions by Type As and Bs on tasks that varied in level of difficulty. On the basis of past research, we hypothesized that Type As would be more self-serving than Type Bs in their attributions for success and failure. We also hypothesized that task persistence would differ among Type As and Bs and would be dependent on task difficulty and perceived task diagnosticity. Type As and Bs attempted …
Type A behavior pattern and the judgment of control
We investigated the control judgments of Type A and B actors and observers after five tasks in which actual response-outcome contingency and success were varied systematically. Results indicated that, overall, actors provided higher control judgments than did observers, and both actual contingency and success influenced judged control. Type A and B actors did not differ in their self-perceptions of control but observers judged the Type A actors t…
Attributional style and the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern
The present two studies examined the attributional styles of Type A and B individuals. Past research suggests that Type A's exhibit greater performance deficits than Type B's following exposure to extended, salient uncontrollable stimuli. The reformulated learned helplessness model suggests that individuals most prone to such performance deficits should exhibit an attributional style characterized by internal, stable, and global attributions for …
Combining and comparing significance levels from nonindependent hypothesis tests
A meta-analytic investigation of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness
Meta-Analysis and Cross-Cultural Comparison
This article argues for the application of meta-analysis to cross-cultural comparison as an adjunct to traditional review methods. The objective means of combining results of independent hypothesis tests provided by meta-analysis is illustrated through an examination of the literature on sex differences in child competitiveness. The results indicate an overall tendency for males to be more competitive than females. However, analysis within cultur…
On the proper interpretation of empirical findings
On the proper interpretation of empirical findings
Vecchio's (1983) comment on our recent review of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness (Strube & Garcia, 1981) claims we are guilty of a variety of biases in selection of studies and interpretation of results. As a consequence of his socalled closer look, Vecchio suggests that a less favorable conclusion on the model's validity is warranted. However, a close examination of Vecchio's assessment indicates that the majority of his …
Type A and Type B attentional responses to aesthetic stimuli
Recent investigations of the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern have found that Type A's focus their attention on a central task and actively inhibit attention to peripheral distracting stimuli. This attentional difference has resulted in greater performance for Type A's than for Type B's. However, research on aesthetic stimuli suggests that the focused attention of Type A's may not always be adaptive for solving frustrating cognitive tasks, …
The Decision to Leave an Abusive Relationship
Michael J Strube, Linda S. Barbour, The Decision to Leave an Abusive Relationship: Economic Dependence and Psychological Commitment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Nov., 1983), pp. 785-793
Time urgency and the Type A behavior pattern
Interpersonal aggression and the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern
Past research suggests that Type As are more aggressive than Type Bs. However, little is known about the nature of that aggression. The present two studies investigated the theoretical distinction between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression and examined the practical implications of this distinction. Study 1 used a modified version of the Buss teacher-learner procedure that allowed the isolation of hostile from instrumental acts. Resul…
Wife Battering
Factors Related to the Decision to Leave an Abusive Relationship
This study examined the role of severalfactors that past theory and research suggest should influence a battered woman's decision to leave her partner. Both objective and subjective measures were collected from 251 abused women. Results indicated that eight variables contributed independently to relationship decisions. Women who had left the relationship at follow-up were more likely than were those who remained to be employed, to have been in th…
Power analysis for combining significance levels
Power analysis for combining significance levels
Type A behavior pattern and the judgment of noncontingency
Past research indicates that Type A's and B's differ in their behavioral responses to lack of control. The present study examined perceptual judgments of noncontingency in an attempt to clarify further the role of a control dynamic in Type A-B differences. Type A's and B's assumed the role of either an actor or an observer on a standard contingency judgment task. Consistent with previous research, both Type A's and B's exhibited an illusion of co…
Attributional style and the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern
The present two studies examined the attributional styles of Type A and B individuals. Past research suggests that Type A's exhibit greater performance deficits than Type B's following exposure to extended, salient uncontrollable stimuli. The reformulated learned helplessness model suggests that individuals most prone to such performance deficits should exhibit an attributional style characterized by internal, stable, and global attributions for …
Relinquishment of control and the Type A behavior pattern
We investigated the role of information processing in the control relinquishment decisions of Type As and Bs. Pairs of subjects worked independently on a task and received feedback indicating that their partner had performed at a comparable or superior level. On a second task, subjects combined their efforts and made decisions concerning who would work on different parts of that task. One third of the subjects made this decision before completing…
Relinquishment of control and the Type A behavior pattern
Self-enhancement, self-assessment, and self-evaluative task choice
Past research on self-evaluation indicates that there are two contrasting viewpoints concerning the acquisition of self-knowledge. According to the self-assessment view, accurate information is sought, regardless of its implications for self-esteem. According to the self-enhancement view, accurate information is desirable, but only if it also has positive implications for the self. We examined the conditions under which each view provides an adeq…
Type A behavior, age, and psychological well-being
We investigated psychological well-being among Type A and B individuals across the age span. We hypothesized that the hard-driving, achievement-oriented lifestyle exhibited by Type As would be adaptive in younger age groups, but would lead to lower well-being in later life because of increased limitations on the range and level of one's activities. By contrast, the more relaxed, easygoing style of the Type B matches better the slower pace of old …
Combining and comparing significance levels from nonindependent hypothesis tests
Postperformance attributions and task persistence among Type A and B individuals
We examined task persistence and postperformance attributions by Type As and Bs on tasks that varied in level of difficulty. On the basis of past research, we hypothesized that Type As would be more self-serving than Type Bs in their attributions for success and failure. We also hypothesized that task persistence would differ among Type As and Bs and would be dependent on task difficulty and perceived task diagnosticity. Type As and Bs attempted …
Type A behavior pattern and the judgment of control
We investigated the control judgments of Type A and B actors and observers after five tasks in which actual response-outcome contingency and success were varied systematically. Results indicated that, overall, actors provided higher control judgments than did observers, and both actual contingency and success influenced judged control. Type A and B actors did not differ in their self-perceptions of control but observers judged the Type A actors t…
Self-schematic representation of the Type A and B behavior patterns
Past research has established clear behavioral differences between Type A and B individuals. The purpose of our research was to examine how these behavioral differences are represented in the self-definitions of Type As and Bs. We investigated the existence of Type A and B self-schemata by using two tasks designed to measure the influence of these hypothetical structures on speed of processing and memory interference. During an initial task, Type…
Self-evaluation of abilities
Past research indicates that individuals are keenly aware of the diagnostic implications of their performance. Theories differ, however, in regard to how this awareness influences task choice. According to the self-assessment view, individuals choose tasks that are maximally informative of abilities, regardless of self-esteem implications. According to the self-enhancement view, task choice is often mediated by a concern for self-esteem protectio…
Comparison of power rates for combined probability procedures
Type A behavior pattern and the self-evaluation of abilities
The self-appraisal model proposes that Type A behavior reflects active attempts to generate diagnostic information about abilities, particularly in situations that evoke high uncertainty. In Study 1, subjects were provided feedback indicating high or low uncertainty about underlying abilities in two domains. When subjects were more uncertain of their ability in one domain than in the other, Jenkins-Activity-Survey-defined Type As (but not Type Bs…
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